基于Android平台的移动机器人远程控制系统

针对目前移动智能终端性能的不断攀升及WiFi技术的迅速发展,结合机器人远程控制的对移动平台的需求,提出了一种移动机器人远程控制的新思路,即利用搭载Android平台的移动智能终端,通过无线局域网实现远程控制移动机器人。首先介绍了该远程控制系统的结构,包括服务器、客户端、视频传输模块、运动控制模块及通讯协议。然后描述了系统的具体实现,主要开发了基于Android移动智能终端的客户端及搭载在移动机器人上的服务器。服务器将移动机器人机载摄像头拍摄的路况视频发送给客户端,客户端接收并显示路况视频,操控员根据实时路况视频实现远程控制移动机器人。最后对远程控制系统进行了性能测试。测试结果表明,Android移动智能终端成功接收到移动机器人发送来的视频,并且显示流畅;Android移动终端对移动机器人的控制灵活性较高。     

A system for automated disassembly of snap-fit covers

This paper reports on a prototype automated system for the disassembly of batteries from a family of electronic devices whose plastic, snap-fit covers house AA or AAA batteries, such as remote controls and calculators. Included in the development of the prototype system was the design of a disassembly tool that uses three force-sensing resistors to provide force feedback information. A pneumatically actuated vacuum gripper and electromagnet system was also developed for recovering the snap-fit cover and batteries once they were released by the disassembly tool. The disassembly module was mounted on the tool head of a three-axis translational motion robot, and a Visual Basic application was developed to interface and control the robot with a Galil digital motion controller. A model-based computer vision application was also developed in Visual C++ using a Kinect sensor and the Open Source Computer Vision library to identify and localize the electronic device placed on the disassembly robot. Using the information gathered by the model-based computer vision application, the robot was able to use the disassembly tool module to perform the necessary disassembly operations to remove the device’s snap-fit cover and batteries. The design of such a disassembly system could aid the future development of fully autonomous disassembly systems that can handle a broader range of electronic products.     

Development of mesoscopic polymer gripper system guided by precision design axioms

A prototype mesoscopic gripper system with mechanism made of polyurethane (PU) is designed, fabricated, and tested. By following precision design axioms, the mesoscopic gripper system including gripper mechanism, actuator subsystem, and sensor subsystem is designed and developed. The compliant gripper mechanism is fabricated and the load-deflection behavior is measured. The mesoscopic mechatronic gripper system is finally integrated and tested. The gripper dynamics is identified and the system specifications are listed. The application of the gripper system for the pick and place of an IC chip is tested.     

Stable joint torque optimization for multiple cooperating redundant manipulator system

In this paper, joint torque optimization for multiple cooperating redundant manipulators rigidly handling a common object is considered. This work focuses on finding the optimal and stable distribution of the operational forces of a multiple redundant manipulator system to the individual manipulators. Two joint torque optimization schemes (local joint torque minimization and natural joint motion) are formulated and compared. When a redundant manipulator with its joints free is driven by its tip, a naturally inducing joint motion can be called ‘natural joint motion’. From the simulation results of a system of three cooperating redundant manipulators, the natural joint motion scheme is shown to be better than the local joint torque minimization scheme with regard to global torque minimization capability and the resulting stability of motion. However, in order to guarantee the stability, the null space damping method is required for the both schemes. The effectiveness of the null space damping method is demonstrated by simulation. Additionally, the condition for the distribution of the operational forces required to drive the given system along a natural joint motion trajectory is addressed.     

A novel shape memory alloy actuated soft gripper imitated hand behavior

The limited length shrinkage of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire seriously limits the motion range of SMA-based gripper. In this paper, a new soft finger without silicone gel was designed based on pre bent SMA wire, and the finger was back to its original shape by heating SMA wire, rather than relying only on heat exchange with the environment. Through imitating palm movement, a structure with adjustable spacing between fingers was made using SMA spring and rigid spring. The hook structure design at the fingertip can form self-locking to further improve the load capacity of gripper. Through the long thin rod model, the relationship of the initial pre bent angle on the bending angle and output force of the finger was analyzed. The stress-strain model of SMA spring was established for the selection of rigid spring. Three grasping modes were proposed to adapt to the weight of the objects. Through the test of the gripper, it was proved that the gripper had large bending amplitude, bending force, and response rate. The design provides a new idea for the lightweight design and convenient design of soft gripper based on SMA.     

面向某微小型平板类零件的微装配系统研究

针对平板类微小型零件装配中出现的自动化程度低、可靠性差的问题,提出基于主机+从控制器+多种传感器的微装配控制系统;设计了吸附式微夹持器代替卡爪式微夹持器,解决了平板类微小型零件难以夹持的问题;同时设计了基于单摄像机的光学自动对位系统,以完成装配件与装配基体之间的精确对位检测.实验中所搭建的微装配系统可较好地完成平板类微小型结构件的装配.     

基于GPRS网络的家用安防机器人远程通信系统

为实现安防机器人远程通信功能,将J2ME技术、互联网Web技术、移动无线网络和简单邮件传输协议(SMTP)技术应用到家用安防机器人远程通信功能系统中,提出了通过服务端发送邮件的方式实现远程通信的方法.开发了一种基于J2ME技术和GPRS无线网络的安防机器人远程通信系统.首先开展了该系统的总体框架及功能模块分析,然后详细...     

软体机械手遥操作系统的设计与分析

面向气动软体机械手在远程非结构化环境下作业的工作需求,搭建了软体机械手遥操作系统。基于“快速气动网络”及模块化可拆卸原则,设计制作了软体弯曲致动器,根据实验需要组装成仿人手形软体机械手。在Yeoh模型基础上建立了软体致动器的力学模型并借助仿真分析加以修正,为软体致动器的控制提供了理论依据。设计了遥操作系统的总体结构,提出了气动软体机械手的驱动模式与控制策略,在C#窗体应用程序中开发了客户端软件。基于蒙皮技术在3D Max软件中对软体致动器进行建模,在Unity3D中搭建了虚拟作业场景,通过脚本程序设计实现远地端反馈信息对软体末端的运动控制和对目标对象的碰撞与拾取。开展软体致动器弯曲角度与充气气压实验,验证分析力学模型的准确性;开展遥操作手势映射实验,分析与探讨软体机械手遥操作系统的可行性及其进一步研究与应用。     

基于FPGA的中央空调管道清洗机器人设计

设计以FPGA为控制器的中央空调管道清洗机器人。利用FPGA高速处理能力使各模块并行工作,通过车载摄像头传回的视频对小车进行远程操控,使小车工作在自动或手动模式。该机器人操作简单,性能稳定,为中央空调管道远程监控清洗技术的研究提供了平台。     

An automatic optical inspection system for inspection of CMOS compact camera module assembly

This paper presents the development of an automatic inspection system to check lens focus status and white balance level and to inspect defects including black and white defect, dim defect, color defect, and line defects in manufacturing process of compact camera module. To check the imaging status and inspect the defects of compact camera module, a unique image capturing system is developed to get image data from CMOS sensor at high speed. It has a complex programmable logic device, and the camera link and the frame grabber is used to transfer and store images to PC. Several kinds of unique image charts are designed to inspect the various types of defects in compact camera module, and they are implemented and displayed on the LCD monitor directly to reduce handling and exchanging time of inspection charts during test procedures. Various image processing algorithms are developed to analyze the captured image from each test chart and to find and verify the defects of camera modules. The experimental results show that the proposed system is able to reliably inspect various types of defects with high precision and high speed in real manufacturing condition.     

Development of a precision indentation and scratching system with a tool force and displacement control module

This article presents a tip-based micropatterning system with a precision device for measuring the machine force and the tool path. The machine force is obtained by a tool control module with a leaf spring and a capacitive displacement sensor. It is controlled to provide a force that ranges from 80 microN to 8 N. The force sensing unit, which is part of the module, is mounted on a PZT (PbZrTi) driven in-feed motion stage with a resolution of 1 nm. The work piece is set on an X-Y motion stage, and the position can be controlled with a tool path accuracy of 5 nm. Micropatterning and precision indentation experiments were performed, while the machined surfaces were examined by atomic force microscopy. From these results, the feasibility of the system for precise force-displacement control was verified for application in tip-based precision machining.     

A distributed test system for pipelined ADCs

The paper presents a distributed test system for pipelined ADCs including a model-based characterization process. A set of modular Virtual Instruments has been developed in Java to execute the system functions in order to be remotely manageable through a common Internet browser. The system features include (i) a module able in modeling an ADC through the specialization of a simplified behavioral model; (ii) a module executing the dynamic testing of the device; (iii) a scalable database providing the data sharing among more remote users; and (iv) some interface modules to programmable instrumentation. The paper also presents the results of the first validation of the system, carried out on an actual pipelined ADC.     

单镜头大视场拼接成像方法及实现

在远距离目标轨迹测量系统中,当前的长焦相机由于CCD尺寸限制一般视场角度较小,无法实现对目标的可靠捕获。在对比当前的几种大视场拼接成像方法后,针对远距离目标测量系统的要求提出了一种通过控制单个相机进行圆锥旋转来模拟4相机阵列实现大视场成像的方法。设计了实验样机对该方法进行验证。首先根据该成像方法设计了相机运动控制方案和相应的机械结构,然后设计了相机的触发控制以及图像数据的传输和处理流程,最后使用该样机进行了实验。实验中样机经校准后采集到了相对位置正确的子视场图像,并拼接获得了大视场图像。使用视场角度为1.02°的小视角相机,实现了4个有一定程度重合的子视场2×2拼接,最终获得了1.93°的大视角。该方法为远距离目标测量系统中的目标捕获子系统设计提供了新思路。     

基于GPRS的电网参数远程监测仪设计

介绍一种基于GPRS技术的电网参数远程监测解决方案.将电网参数采集模块和GPRS通信控制模块相结合,实现对电网参数的远程监测、分析、记录得出评价电能质量的各项指标.系统采用TMS320F2812 数字信号处理器硬件平台和嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ软件平台,结构简单、功能强大、接口丰富、性价比高,具有很好的应用前景.     

五自由度液压伺服机械手研制

针对液压机械手在实际生产中存在的问题,设计了满足大功率负载搬运的高负载、高位置精度、高生产率等要求的液压机械手。该机械手采用五自由度机构设计方案,包括夹取机构、俯仰机构、推拉机构及回转机构,实现了负载多自由度的自动定位、夹紧和传递功能,通过机械手正运动学的分析,及末端执行器运动轨迹的仿真试验验证了设计的合理性;设计了机械手液压系统,包括回转机构驱动回路、俯仰机构驱动回路、推拉机构驱动回路、手抓机构驱动回路,并且进行了元件的选型与参数计算;采用西门子控制器和电液伺服控制技术,实现了机械手高性能运动控制。研究结果表明,该液压机械手具有结构简单、运行平稳、精度符合要求、传递效率高等特点,能够较好地解决生产搬运的问题。     

基于三组测量绳结构的软体机械臂运动检测

针对气动软体机械臂运动形状检测问题,设计了一种基于拉线编码器的三组测量绳结构的运动学参数检测装置。依据分段常曲率法,构建了气动模块化软体机械臂的运动检测模型,基于机械臂柔性材料的特点,在建模过程中引入刚度法,使检测模型能准确反映从机械臂驱动气压到形状变化以及运动学参数的映射关系。提出了一种可模块化组装的气动软体机械臂,用于验证检测装置与模型的精度,所提出的机械臂在构型上由硅胶基体、运动气囊和连接板组成,能实现机械臂的模块化组装。通过对所构建的运动检测模型进行推导与仿真,得到了模型的相对误差。最后,通过试验验证了运动检测建模的精度和机械臂驱动、构型以及运动的特征。研究结果表明：相比于传统的视觉追踪方法,所设计的基于三组测量绳结构的检测装置能实现对软体机械臂运动形状的高精度检测。     

一种典型DDS锻造操作机运动学分析

锻造操作机的运动学分析是实现操作机运动控制的基础,鉴于大部分学者仅对典型DANGO&DIENENTHAL(DDS)锻造操作机的主运动机构进行运动学分析,对一种典型DDS锻造操作机的整体机构进行运动学分析。该整体机构是由一个平行四杆机构和一个并联机构组成的串并联形式的混联机构。采用修正的Grübler-Kutzbach公式计算其中并联机构的自由度,计算结果表明并联机构的自由度数多于其主动输入数,所以该并联机构的运动无法直接确定。究其原因是机构中4S闭环的侧摆运动规律不唯一,因此对4S闭环的侧摆运动进行优化分析,利用旋转相似变换得到4S闭环侧摆后其输出件的姿态可用yzy欧拉角描述,从而确定该并联机构的运动。采用yzyy欧拉角描述钳杆的姿态,使得前三个姿态角恰好为4S闭环发生侧摆后其输出件的姿态角,从而很容易地建立该操作机整体机构主动输入与钳杆位姿之间的位置关系。在此基础上对该操作机整体机构进行速度分析,并用ADAMS软件对位置分析和速度分析进行仿真验证。     

基于双目视觉的水下定位系统

通过改进传统水上双目立体视觉定位方法使其适于水下机器人(ROV)的机械手等的定位.为适应复杂水下透视环境,针对水下的液体环境设计摄像机密封结构,引入了高次畸变参数对摄像机进行标定,以得到相机水下内外参数,然后针对传统较为复杂的双目摄像机视线(射线)相交求取目标点的方法,提出了一种基于前向平行校正的简单定位算法,并进行试...     

Deep learning-based smith predictor design for a remote grasping control system

In this study, a robotic hand control system was designed based on data gloves, aiming to provide more intuitive control and improved operational performance for a remote robotic hand. Compensation measures were proposed for the time lag effect on the remote-control system to address the input and feedback time delays of the remote robot system. A Smith predictor structure was modified by replacing the linear estimator with a recurrent neural network. A convolutional neural network was applied to the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, as it had a better convergence time and learning performance than the multi-layer perceptron model during training. The experimental results demonstrate that the control effect of this scheme is approximately 0.5 s faster than the normal Smith predictive control, proving its effectiveness.

     

Stiffness improvement of swirl gripper based on gap height and force estimation

The swirl gripper is an electrically activated noncontact handling device that uses swirling airflow to generate a lifting force. This force can be used to pick up a workpiece placed underneath the swirl gripper without any contact. It is applicable, for example, on a semiconductor wafer production line, where contact must be avoided during the handling and moving of a workpiece to minimize damage. When a workpiece levitates underneath a swirl gripper, the gap height between them is critical for safe handling. Therefore, in this study, we develop a theoretical model of the swirl gripper, based on which a method to estimate the levitation gap height by detecting pressure at two points is proposed. Experiments indicate that the estimated gap height can track changes in actual gap height accurately in real time, when the gap height is relatively small and the inertia of airflow in the gap is negligible. In addition, the force between the gripper and workpiece can also be estimated using the detected pressure. As a result, a desired relationship between the force and gap height can be achieved by adjusting the rotating speed of the fan according to the real-time estimated force and gap height using a microcontroller. The control system was experimentally verified using a desired linear relationship. Because the stiffness of the force decreases with increasing gap height for a constant gripper fan rotating speed, the linear relationship between the force and gap height, which means a constant stiffness, is expected to enhance handling stability of workpieces.