离心压缩机末级最佳D_4/D_2值的数值研究

考虑到离心压缩机末级各通流元件之间的相互影响,将末级叶轮、无叶扩压器和排气蜗壳组合一起对扩压器出口直径与叶轮直径的比值D4/D2进行研究,通过对不同D4/D2条件下的整级模型进行数值模拟,研究扩压器流道长短对整级性能的影响,对离心压缩机末级流场及D4/D2值变化与离心压缩机整级性能的变化关系进行了详细的对比分析.研究结果表明,D4/D2值的变化对末级整级性能有较大的影响,并存在一个使级效率为最大值的最佳D4/D2值,D4/D2过大或过小都将使整级效率下降.     

离心压缩机排气蜗壳内部流动分析与优化

利用计算流体动力学专业软件NUMECA对某离心压缩机末级流场(包括闭式叶轮、无叶扩压器、排气蜗壳)进行三维粘性流动的数值计算分析.以计算结果为依据,对等宽变高式排气蜗壳进行了优化设计,末级效率提高约4.5%.将改进方法用于另一台压缩机组的末级排气蜗壳,末级效率同样提高4.5%,由此总结出"焊接式排气蜗壳气动设计规范",并将其应用于另一类典型的焊接式排气蜗壳--等高变宽式排气蜗壳的优化设计,末级效率提高约3%.大量的数值试验证明,所提出的设计方法具有很好的通用性,可以推广应用于所有的焊接式排气蜗壳设计.     

大流量离心压缩机进气室优化设计

本文以某大流量离心式压缩机进气室为研究对象,使用CFD分析软件NUMECA计算进气室内的流场状态,认为叶轮进口处的流场均匀性较差是导致级效率下降的主要原因,并针对这一情况,在进气室环形收敛通道内加入薄型静止导叶,用于改善叶轮进口处的周向流场均匀性。计算结果表明:安装静止导叶后,压缩机级效率和级压比都有明显提高。     

无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及性能影响的数值研究

采用自编的CFD程序数值研究了无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及气动性能的影响.采用当地时间步长、多重网格以及隐式参差光顺等技术来加速收敛,以质量流量来代替出口静压的出口边界条件,使出口静压在计算过程中与给定的流量工况自动匹配,大大节省了计算时间.对Krain叶轮后带等面积与直壁两种形式的无叶扩压器离心压缩机内部流场进行了计算与分析,结果表明:直壁型无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率低于等面积无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率;直壁型无叶扩压器使得叶轮出口的流动出现分离;扩压器的形式对离心叶轮的整体气动性能影响并不大;在进行离心叶轮数值研究时,叶轮后的延伸区最好采用等面积无叶扩压器,以尽量减小无叶扩压器所引起的计算误差.     

不同扩压器形式对叶轮内流动影响的研究

针对离心式压缩机模型级进行了数值模拟,与试验结果对比验证了计算模型的正确性,用无叶扩压器代替叶片扩压器在相同的边界条件下进行流场数值模拟,根据模拟结果对比分析了两种情况下叶轮内部的流动特征,揭示了叶片扩压器和无叶扩压器对离心式压缩机级内流场的影响规律.     

Experimental study of centrifugal compressor vaneless diffuser width

Seven different vaneless diffuser designs for a centrifugal compressor, varying only in diffuser width, were studied experimentally. The studied diffuser widths versus impeller exit width were 1.0, 0.903, 0.854, and 0.806. Three of the narrowed diffusers had the width reduced from the hub and shroud divided evenly, and the three others had the width reduced only from the shroud. The total and static pressures, the total temperature and the flow angles at the diffuser inlet and outlet were measured at the design rotational speed with three different mass flows. The impeller and diffuser performance was studied along with the axial distributions of flow angles and velocities in the diffuser. The results revealed that the pinch improved the compressor stage and impeller performance but deteriorated the diffuser performance. The pinch clearly decreased the secondary flow region present near the shroud. The pinch implemented in the shroud is more beneficial than pinch divided between the hub and the shroud. In order to obtain the beneficial effects of pinch, the pinch should be sufficient. However, excessive pinch deteriorates the compressor performance.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of radial flow compressor component losses

This research numerically and experimentally investigates a small turbocharger radial flow compressor with a vane-less diffuser and volute. The geometry of the compressor is obtained via component scanning, through which a 3D model is prepared. The flow inside this model is numerically analyzed by using a Navier-Stokes solver with a shear-stress transport turbulence model. The characteristic curves of the compressor and the contributions of its components to total pressure drop are acquired by measuring the static and total pressures at different cross sections of the compressor. Numerical results are verified with the experimental test results. The model results exhibit good agreement with the experimental results. In particular, the results show that the losses related to the impeller are higher than those related to the stationary components at different conditions, with the former causing a decline of at least 15% in compressor isentropic efficiency. The contribution of stationary components to efficiency decrease is approximately 4.8% at maximum efficiency mass flow rate and is limited to 7.1%. At low mass flow rates, the contribution of the diffuser to efficiency decline is higher than that of the volute. This finding is reversed at high mass flow rates. The performances of the diffuser and the volute are also studied by exploring total pressure and static pressure recovery coefficients, as well as the net radial force on the impeller shaft under a wide operating range.     

离心压缩机机壳在基频气动力激励下的振动噪声研究

研究了离心压缩机机壳在内部基频气动力激励下的振动辐射噪声。考虑机壳与轮盘、轮盖之间的间隙,采用SSTk-co湍流模型模拟了离心压缩机的整机三维非定常流场,得到蜗壳内表面的脉动压力,然后将脉动压力的基频部分加载到蜗壳上,模拟离心压缩机蜗壳在非定常气动力激励下的振动噪声。研究表明：机壳内壁面基频压力脉动主要分布在无叶扩压器靠近叶轮出口一侧;机壳主要基频振动噪声源位于蜗壳靠近出口管道一侧;该离心压缩机机壳基频振动位移幅值很小,最大振动位移仅为11．8×10^-9m,因此可以忽略机壳的基频振动对离心压缩机运行安全性的影响。     

斜流压缩机转子与蜗壳匹配的内流分析

用时均N—S方程对包含斜流叶轮、无叶扩压器与蜗壳一体的斜流压气机进行了整机计算。通过特定截面的不同流动谱图，初步比较了3种不同结构的蜗壳和扩压器的配置方式，讨论了这种型式的斜流压缩机转子子午面流动状况，为叶轮流道及其匹配设计提供了依据。并将转子出口的计算结果和实验值进行了比较。计算得到的子午面流线分布、转子上下游的子午面速度分布与设计值较吻合。     

离心压缩机末级扩压器与排气蜗壳集成优化

通过对离心压缩机末级不同D4/D2条件下的整级模型进行数值模拟,研究无叶扩压器出口直径与叶轮直径之比D4/D2对整级性能的影响。研究结果表明：D4/D2值对整级性能有较大影响,并存在一个使级效率最高的最佳D4/D2值,下游部件排气蜗壳对该值有较大的影响。     

Exit flow measurements of a centrifugal pump impeller

Discharge flows from a centrifugal pump impeller with a specific speed of 150 [rpm, m³/min, m] were experimentally investigated. A large axisymmetric collector instead of a volute casing was installed to obtain circumferentially uniform flow, i.e. without interaction of the impeller and the volute. The unsteady flow was measured at the impeller exit and vaneless diffuser using a hot film probe and a pressure transducer. The flow at impeller exit showed pronounced jet-wake flow patterns. The wake, which was on the suction/hub side at high flow rate, became enlarged pitchwisely on both the hub and the shroud side as the flow rate decreases. The pitchwise non-uniformity of the flow rapidly decreased along the downstream and the nonuniformity almost disappeared at radius ratio of 1.18 for medium flow rate. The mean vaneless diffuser flow was reasonably predicted using a one dimensional analysis when an empirical constant was used to specify the skin friction coefficient. The data can be used for a centrifugal pump impeller design and validation of CFD codes and flow modeling.     

离心式压缩机小流量级分析与优化设计

对某离心式压缩机小流量级的内部流动情况采用了三维粘性流场进行数值模拟。通过对其整级，特别是无叶扩压器和回流器内部流场进行了分析探讨，提出了无叶扩压器、弯道和回流器的改造方案，使其优化后的级多变效率在各个工况下均有所提高。     

离心压缩机级半开式叶轮采用无叶和串列扩压器的性能分析

使用CFD软件对某高能头半开式离心压缩机的级,在分别采用无叶扩压器和串列扩压器时进行了流动模拟和性能分析,给出了两种情况下的流场分布和性能比较。结果表明,在高能头系数的级中采用串列扩压器可以有效地改善叶轮出口流场,减少流动损失,提高压力恢复系数和级效率。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ROTATING STALL FOR A LOW-SPEED CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

Unsteady flows and rotating stall of a low-speed centrifugal compressor are investigated by measuring vaneless diffuser wall static pressure fluctuation and internal flow fields at different small flow fluxes. During the experiment, firstly the real time static pressure fluctuations on the vaneless diffuser shroud at different circumferential and radial position were acquired by high-frequency dynamic pressure transducers. Discrete Fourier transformation analysis and cross-correlation analysis were applied to the experimental results to ascertain the rotating stall beginning operation conditions and stall cells numbers and rotating speed. Secondly, the vaneless diffuser inlet flow angle distribution along diffuser width direction was acquired by single hotwire, which was compared with SENOO＇s analysis results. At last, the internal flow fields of the centrifugal compressor were investigated with a particle image velocimetry （PIV） system at different small flow fluxes. The flow field development of vaneless diffuser and blade flow passage are given at rotating stall conditions. The experiments enrich the understanding of rotating stall flow phenomenon of the low-speed centrifugal compressor and provide full experiment data for designing high performance centrifugal compressor.     

多级离心压缩机无叶扩压器内气动性能的数值研究

对某多级离心压缩机的气动性能进行了整级CFD数值模拟,重点研究并比较了级间与级后无叶扩压器内的气动特点。计算方法基于Jameson格式,湍流模型选择Spalart-Allmaras模型。结果表明,在多级离心压缩机中,无叶扩压器的性能对整个机组的总体性能影响很大。级间与级后无叶扩压器内的能量损失都很高,但后者以摩擦损失为主,而前者由于受其下游弯道的影响,流动发生分离,因而其能量损失来源于摩擦与分离的共同作用。     

径向吸气室对离心压缩机级性能的影响

采用CFD手段对某离心压缩机级性能在轴向和径向两种不同的进气方式下进行了数值模拟,得出了在这两种进气方式下离心压缩机在3种机器马赫数下的级性能。分析了由于径向吸气室引起的叶轮进口流动参数周向分布不均匀而引起的级性能恶化以及叶轮对吸气室内流动的影响,得出了3点结论。     

特小比转数的后向离心通风机的研究与开发

针对一台比转数为9的前向通风机，保持风机设计参数和叶轮直径不变，改为后向通风机来提高性能。利用气动性能数值预估对叶轮和蜗壳的主要参数进行优化后，再对无叶扩压器的大小和叶轮与蜗壳的相对位置进行优化，减少摩擦损失，最终得到的后向通风机测试结果，全压和效率均提高了11％。     

Z305压气机内部流场数值分析及扩压器结构优化

为分析叶轮和扩压器耦合作用下的压气机内部流场,在级环境下对Z305增压器离心压气机进行了数值研究,结果表明该压气机的工作范围较狭窄和整级效率较低的原因在于叶轮出口段到扩压器进口处都存在较大的涡流区。通过减少扩压器叶片数和缩短叶片尾缘的长度,改善了叶轮和扩压器的耦合关系,使得压气机工作范围和在多工况下的效率和压比等性能参数都明显提高。     

蜗壳开度对离心风机气动性能影响的研究

研究不同蜗壳开度对离心风机气动性能的影响。采用Pfleiderer机壳型线计算方法,通过改变x值来调节蜗壳的开度,然后数值模拟计算应用不同开度蜗壳的风机,通过对风机整体气动参数、机壳损失分布以及叶轮流场变化的分析来研究开度不同对风机气动性能的影响。数值模拟结果显示,设计机壳时所取蜗壳开度越大,风机流量越大,但其负面影响是全压和效率的下降。蜗壳开度的增加,改善了叶轮流道流动,使其出口更为均匀,掺混损失减小,但机壳表面积的增大带来更大的摩擦损失。机壳开度增加时叶轮内部流动情况的整体改善,是叶轮效率提高的主要原因,但摩擦损失的增加导致了整机效率的下降。     

Discussion on back-to-back two-stage centrifugal compressor compact design techniques

Design a small flow back-to-back two-stage centrifugal compressor in the aviation turbocharger, the compressor is compact structure, small axial length, light weighted. Stationary parts have a great influence on their overall performance decline. Therefore, the stationary part of the back-to-back two-stage centrifugal compressor should pay full attention to the diffuser, bend, return vane and volute design. Volute also impact downstream return vane, making the flow in circumferential direction is not uniformed, and several blade angle of attack is drastically changed in downstream of the volute with the airflow can not be rotated to required angle. Loading of high-pressure rotor blades change due to non-uniformed of flow in circumferential direction, which makes individual blade load distribution changed, and affected blade passage load decreased to reduce the capability of work, the tip low speed range increases.