Nonmechanical criteria proposed for prediction of hot tearing sensitivity in 2024 aluminum alloy

Two theoretical criteria represented by Katgerman, and Clyne and Davies for prognosticating hot tearing sensitivity were compared. Both unrefined and grain-refined samples of Al2024 alloy were solidified at various cooling rates ranging from 0.4 to 17.5 °C/s. Thermal analysis was used to detect dendrite coherency point and temperature of eutectic reaction. Curves of solid and liquid fractions were plotted based on Newtonian method to determine hot tearing susceptible areas. The experimental results show that the most susceptible zone in which hot tearing can occur in Al2024 is where Al₂CuMg intermetallic compound forms as a eutectic phase at last stage of mushy-state interval. Also, both criteria are in a good agreement with each other at high cooling rates used in direct-chill casting process while Clyne and Davies' model is more acceptable to determine hot tearing tendency from low to medium cooling rates.     

Assessment of the effect of cooling rate on dendrite coherency point and hot tearing susceptibility of AZ magnesium alloys using thermal analysis

Dendrite coherency point (DCP) is an important parameter for examining the solidification structure and castability of alloys. In this research, the DCP of AZ magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91) is measured in the range of 0.22 °Cs^?1 to 8.13 °Cs^?1 cooling rates using the two-thermocouple thermal analysis technique. The results show that when cooling rate increased, temperature interval of coherency (T_{N –} T_DCP) and coherency time (t_DCP) are decreased; and it can postpone dendrite coherency. Also, by increasing the cooling rate, solid fraction at dendrite coherency increases initially and then decreases at higher cooling rates. To estimate the hot tearing susceptibility, Clyne and Davies’ criterion is used. Hot tearing susceptibility calculations exhibit initially reduce by increasing the cooling rate and then it increases at higher cooling rates. These results were explained based on the solidification principles.     

电磁场对AZ91镁合金凝固态组织的影响

利用XRD和OM分析等手段研究了高频电磁场对AZ91合金凝固态组织的影响。结果表明：无磁场作用时,晶粒尺寸约为180μm,其组织的固相颗粒为树枝状。在磁场作用下AZ91的晶粒有所细化,晶粒尺寸约为120μm,晶粒变得圆整。用石英管作为加热容器会使石英管中的硅与镁反应生成Mg2Si。离石英管壁越近,合金中的Mg2Si越多。     

Influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties ofAZ31 magnesium alloy

Extrusion treatment is a common method to refine the grain size and improve the mechanical properties of metal material. The influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated. The results ,show that the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy are obviously improved by extrusion treatment. The ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 222 MPa, and is enhanced to 265.8 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The yield tensile strength （YTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 84 MPa, and is enhanced to 201 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The effective improvements on mechanical properties result from the formation of the finer grains during extrusion and the finer particles precipitated by age treatment. The features of the microstructure evolution during hot extruded of AZ31 alloy are dislocation slipping on the matrix and occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization.     

Microstructure refinement of AZ31 alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied to the solidification of the AZ31 alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined to 107 μm. By quenching the AZ31 alloy, the different primary α-Mg microstructures are preserved during the course of solidification. The microstructure evolution reveals that the primary α-Mg generates and grows in globular shape with pulsed magnetic field, contrast with the dendritic shape without pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, the Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

双级时效对EV31A合金力学性能与显微组织的影响

为了提升一种商用镁?稀土合金EV31A(Mg?3Nd?1.5Gd?0.3Zn?0.5Zr)的塑性,探索双级时效工艺,并且研究其对合金力学性能和显微组织的影响.在实验测得的最优双级时效参数下,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率从单级时效的273 MPa和4.9％提升到288 MPa和6.6％.双级时效的总时效时间也大幅缩短,从16 ...     

AZ31镁合金铸坯均匀化退火

研究了一种新的均匀化退火工艺对AZ31镁合金铸坯组织转变和成分均匀化的影响,保温温度为530、540和550 ℃以及保温时间为30、60和90 min.结果表明,AZ31镁合金在固相线温度以下应尽可能提高退火温度,同时缩短退火时间可使铸坯达到较好的均匀化效果,消除大部分枝晶偏析,γ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相在α-Mg基体上呈细小的颗粒状分布; AZ31镁合金铸锭的优化退火工艺为540 ℃保温60 min.     

熔体过热处理对AZ31镁合金凝固组织的影响

研究750、800、850、900和950℃不同熔体过热处理温度对AZ31镁合金凝固组织的影响规律.利用光学显微组织定量分析经不同温度过热处理所得AZ31镁合金的二次枝晶间距等组织特征差异;开发一种采用能谱分析结果计算Mg、Al和Zn等主要元素在一个枝晶单元内各个特征区域质量分数的方法,用以测评不同过热温度下凝固组织的成分均匀性.结果表明:当过热温度从750℃增加到900℃时,成分偏析减少,铸态组织中二次枝晶间距从13μm减小到9μm,多点随机显微硬度的平均值从36.5 HV增大到42.6 HV;AZ31镁合金较理想的熔体过热处理温度为900℃.     

AZ31镁合金高温热压缩变形特性

在应变速率为0.005～5 s-1、变形温度为250～450℃条件下,在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对AZ31镁合金的高温热压缩变形特性进行了研究.结果表明:材料流变应力行为和显微组织强烈受到变形温度的影响;变形温度低于350℃时,流变应力呈现幂指数关系;变形温度高于350℃时,流变应力呈现指数关系;变形过程中发生了动态再结晶且晶粒平均尺寸随变形参数的不同而改变,其自然对数与Zener-Hollomon(Z)参数的自然对数成线性关系;材料动态再结晶机制受变形机制的影响,随温度的不同而改变;低温下基面滑移和机械孪晶协调变形导致动态再结晶晶粒的产生;中温时Friedel-Escaig机理下位错的交滑移控制动态再结晶形核;高温时位错攀移控制整个动态再结晶过程.在本实验下,材料的最佳工艺条件是:变形温度350～400℃,应变速率为0.5～5 s-1.     

AZ31镁合金组织形态的磁场控制

在AZ31镁合佥的TIC焊过程中施加不同类型的磁场,采用光学电镜和SEM观测焊接接头的组织性能,研究磁场类型对镁合金组织性能的影响规律.实验结果表明:外加磁场通过电磁作用改变熔池和电弧的传质、传热过程,进而改变焊缝组织的结晶过程,从而使得晶粒细化,成分均匀,净化杂质,抑制热裂纹的产生.     

坯料细化处理对AZ31镁合金挤压组织的影响

对超声细化和未细化的AZ31镁合金棒料进行均匀化退火后热挤压,并对热挤压后的组织和硬度进行了对比分析。结果表明,与未经过晶粒细化处理棒料的热挤压组织相比,预先经过晶粒细化处理的AZ31镁合金棒热挤压组织更加均匀。当挤压比λ为16、挤压料温度为380℃、挤压速度为0.9 m/min时,组织发生回复再结晶。与未经晶粒细化处理棒料的挤压组织相比,经过晶粒细化处理的挤压组织更加细小;挤压速度增加到10 m/min时,经过晶粒细化处理后的AZ31镁合金挤压变形后棒料边缘容易发生二次再结晶现象,形成一条宽约75μm的粗晶组织,边缘附近区域组织中有孪晶形成。同时,经过晶粒细化处理后的AZ31镁合金挤压棒的硬度较高。     

稀土钇对Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金热裂敏感性的影响(英文)

通过Clyne-Davies模型对MgZn2.5YxZr0.5(x=0.5,1,2,4,6)系合金的热裂敏感性进行预测;采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分别对MgZn2.5YxZr0.5系合金进行显微组织和热裂区域组织形貌观察,并用自制的"T"形热裂模具,通过A/D转换,用计算机对MgZn2.5YxZr0.5系合金凝固过程中的温度、收缩应力信号数据进行采集和进一步的处理,并描绘其曲线。研究MgZn2.5YxZr0.5合金的凝固温度区间、脆弱区域的凝固温度变化、凝固最后阶段剩余液相分数以及合金中第二相种类等因素对MgZn2.5YxZr0.5系合金热裂倾向的影响:合金热裂倾向从大到小顺序为MgZn2.5Y2Zr0.5,MgZn2.5Y0.5Zr0.5,MgZn2.5Y4Zr0.5,MgZn2.5Y6Zr0.5,MgZn2.5Y1Zr0.5。由于MgZn2.5Y2Zr0.5合金的凝固温度区间最宽,脆弱区域的凝固温度变化最大,凝固最后阶段形成的液膜最少,枝晶干涉点后析出的第二相阻碍枝晶间的补缩等多种原因而造成合金的热裂倾向最大。     

Processing map for hot working of as extruded AZ31B magnesium alloy

The deformation behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy as extruded under hot compression conditions was characterized in the temperature range of 200 - 400 ℃ and strain rate range of 0. 001 - 1 s^-1. The processing maps were obtained at different strains. The results show that the map exhibits flow instabilities as two domains. The domain at beyond 300 ℃ and strain rate of 1 s^-1 appears with a peak efficiency of power dissipation about 56% occurring. This domain is expected to happen in a hot process, such as hot rolling, hot extrusion and hot forging. There is high efficiency of power dissipation at temperature beyond 350 ℃ and strain rate 0. 001 s^-1. Such domains suggest the occurrence of superplastic deformation.     

单向拉伸试验研究AZ31B镁合金板材的电塑性效应

通过单向拉伸试验研究镁合金 AZ31B 的电塑性效应。为了显示脉冲电流的非热效应,在相同温度下开展两类试验：环境箱中的单向拉伸试验和脉冲电流辅助的单向拉伸试验。此外,对脉冲电流在材料变形过程中引起的温度场进行数值模拟。结果表明,沿材料截面方向温度分布均匀。通过对比两类单向拉伸试验的真应力?真应变曲线,证实了脉冲电流非热效应的存在。通过光学显微镜研究脉冲电流对材料微观组织演化的影响,结果表明：脉冲电流引起的动态再结晶对流动应力的下降起重要作用。最后,提出一个考虑电塑性响应的 AZ31B 流动应力模型,并通过实验进行验证。结果表明：模型预测结果和实验结果吻合较好。     

磁场参数对镁合金焊接接头力学性能的影响

在对5 mm厚的AZ31镁合金板进行TIG焊过程中,施加纵向交流变频磁场.试验过程中调节磁场参数对试样进行抗拉和硬度试验,采用扫描电子显微镜及光学金相显微镜对试样的焊缝进行显微组织和断口分析,研究磁场参数对AZ31镁合金接头组织和力学性能的影响规律,并对磁场作用机理进行研究.结果表明,外加纵向磁场可以促使电弧旋转对熔池进行搅拌,改变晶粒结晶过程,使焊缝中晶粒组织得到细化,进而使焊接接头的抗拉强度和硬度等性能得到改善;当磁场电流为2 A,频率为20 Hz时,焊缝的力学性能达到最佳值,此时硬度为76.2 HV,抗拉强度为231 MPa.     

合金元素对Al—Cu合金热裂倾向的影响

为寻求一种低热裂倾向的高强韧造铝合金材料,研究了Cu,Zr和V3种元素对Al-Cu合金热裂倾向的影响,结果表明,V明显降低材料的热裂倾向;Zr含量低时轻微增大合金的热裂倾向,含量高时强烈增大热裂倾向,在4．5％－5．5％范围内Cu增大热裂倾向,Zr和V对合金热裂倾向的不同影响在于V主要存在于晶内,而Zr则部分存在于晶界。     

AZ31镁合金的热挤压变形和力学性能分析

为了掌握高精度镁合金管材的生产工艺,通过对铸锭的均匀化处理,借助500 t挤压机、拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和透射电镜(TEM)对AZ31镁合金管材的等温挤压过程进行了研究,试制了AZ31镁合金挤压薄壁管材,获得了尺寸精度高、粗糙度小和壁厚差小的管材;分析了不同挤压条件下的AZ31镁合金管材的尺寸精度、组织、力学性能.研究结果表明:在挤压温度为623士20K挤出管材经523K×3h退火时其性能较好,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为270 MPa,175 MPa和23.1%.     

热挤压形变对AZ31B镁合金TIG焊缝组织及断口形貌的影响

以AZ31B镁合金板用同质成分焊丝填充进行TIG对接焊,采用专门设计制作的陶瓷电加热装置在高温拉伸试验机上对接头进行热挤压形变初步试验.结果表明,焊接接头经350℃热挤压形变,可使原焊缝铸态枝晶组织转变为细球状组织,枝晶偏析得到明显改善;同时还可促使原组织中沿α-Mg基体晶界网状分布的β-Mg17Al12相转化成晶内呈弥散分布的二次析出相;通过细化焊缝晶粒、消除脆性β-Mg17Al12相对晶界的弱化作用,在晶内产生弥散强化效应,可使接头的抗拉强度达到母材金属的90%左右,塑性也在一定程度上得到改善.