连续流动法测定烟草水溶性糖的影响因素

为提高RFA-300连续流动分析仪测定烟草及烟草制品中水溶性糖含量的准确性.依据行业标准YC/ T159—2002对各种影响因素进行了考察,发现标准样品的种类、纯度及反应时间是主要影响因素,并根据试验结果和测试原理的要求对仪器管路进行了适当的加长。确定了以葡萄糖为标样.采用校正标样和加长仪器管路的连续流动法测定烟草制品中的水溶性糖。结果表明,改进后方法的回收率为98.8%-107.9%,变异系数为1.63%. 测定结果与芒森·沃克法的基本一致。     

连续流动法测定烟草中水溶性总糖和还原糖的不确定度评定

依据JJF 1059. 1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》对连续流动法测定烟草样品中水溶性总糖、还原糖含量的不确定度进行评定,通过分析得出,测量重复性、样品前处理、标准溶液制备、标准曲线拟合、连续流动分析仪测量重复性是不确定度的主要来源。分析结果表明,当烟草样品中水溶性总糖为20. 4%时,扩展不确定度为0. 69%,k=2;还原糖含量为18. 4%,扩展不确定度为0. 77%,k=2。     

连续流动法测定烟草中总氮含量的不确定度评定

本文结合实验室的实际情况,对连续流动法测定烟草中总氮含量的测量不确定度进行评定,分析了总氮含量检测误差的影响因素,计算了不确定度分量及合成不确定度,并得出测量结果扩展不确定度为0.04%,为测量结果提供了可信度和可信区间。     

连续流动分析法在烟草分析中的应用

连续流动分析法(CFA)作为一种快速、准确的批量检测方法已经广泛应用于国内外烟草行业。根据连续流动分析法的原理,详细介绍了该分析法在烟草中对烟碱、总糖及还原性糖、水溶性糖、总氮、蛋白质、氯以及钾等含量的测定方法及应用,并对连续流动分析法在烟草科学技术中的应用做了展望。     

连续流动法测定烟草中磷酸盐含量的不确定度评定

依据测量不确定度评定方法,建立数学模型,对连续流动法测定烟草中磷酸盐含量的各测量不确定度分量进行评定,得出测量不确定度的结果为0.012%;水分测量和样品浓度测量是测量误差的最大影响因素,实验中更应重视以确保测量结果的准确可信。     

烟草质检氰化物废液处理方法比较

烟草行业发展至今,越来越关注产品的安全性和环境友好性。本文为了消除连续流动法测总植物碱、测定烟用香精和料液以及烟用接装纸中铅含量时使用到的氰化钾对环境造成的污染,借鉴化学工业废水治理经验,总结了适用于烟草质检实验室的三种氰化物废液处理方法:氯氧化法、高锰酸钾氧化法和亚铁法,比较了各方法的优劣,建议处理量大、氰化钾浓度较高时采用高锰酸钾氧化法,处理量不大、氰化钾浓度较低时采用亚铁法。氯氧化法因肉眼无法观察反应过程和判断反应终点的缺点,不适于应用于实验室废液处理。     

连续流动分析法在葡萄酒总糖检测中的应用

采用连续流动分析法对不同类型的葡萄酒中的总糖进行了检测,并对连续流动法与费林法测定葡萄酒中的总糖结果进行比较分析,结果显示,两种检测方法的结果精密度和重现性没有差异。日常使用和检测结果数据显示,连续流动分析法测定葡萄酒中的总糖操作简单、自动化程度高,且检测结果准确度可靠、精密度高和重现性完全符合实验室质量控制规范的要求,可以广泛应用于葡萄酒中总糖含量的测定。     

连续流动微流法测定烟草中总氮的不确定度

为提高连续流动微流模块分析仪烟草总氮的检测结果准确性,依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对连续流动微流法测定烟草中总氮的测量不确定度进行了评定。采用因果关系图系统分析影响不确定度的各因素,在此基础上构建了微流法测量不确定度的评定方案,并通过测量模型评定了各不确定度分量。结果表明:(1)总氮的测定值为1.56%,在95%包含概率下其扩展不确定度分别为0.05%;(2)影响测量不确定度的因素主要有标准溶液配制、测量重复性、最小二乘法校准曲线拟合;(3)采用称量法配制标准溶液、选择合适的标准工作溶液浓度范围,可进一步提高分析的精准度。     

连续流动法测定香料烟氯测量不确定度评定

为评定连续流动法香料烟氯的测量不确定度,对连续流动法测定氯的过程进行分析,得到简化的连续流动法香料烟氯的测定因果关系图,建立测量不确定度评定的数学模型,确定其测量不确定度的主要来源为样品的水分、连续流动分析仪测定的样品浓度和测量重复性。通过对测量不确定度进行评定,得出连续流动法香料烟氯测量结果的标准不确定度为0.04%,扩展不确定度为0.08%(α=0.05,k=2)。     

转拟南芥AtNHX1基因促进烟草对钾吸收的研究

提取拟南芥总RNA,反转录合成Na /H 逆向转运蛋白基因AtNHX1,构建了植物高效表达载体,用叶盘法将其导入烟草,经筛选获得了抗卡那霉素和GUS染色阳性的转化子38株.应用荧光定量PCR方法对转化材料部分含AtNHX1基因的烟草内源钾通道基因、烟草K 转运蛋白基因和烟草焦磷酸酶基因的转录水平进行了分析.结果表明:在转化烟草中可以检测到AtNHX1基因mRNA,与未转化材料相比,烟草钾离子转运蛋白基因NtHAK1的转录降低,H -ATPase基因NHA1转录增加,钾通道基因NKT转录无显著变化,T1代转化烟叶中K 含量显著增加,Na 、Ca2 无显著变化,烟叶中总糖含量降低,证明了编码拟南芥AtNHX1基因与植物的K 吸收有关.     

Research on automatic identification system of tobacco diseases

In order to improve recognition accuracy of tobacco diseases, an identification method based on multi-feature and genetic algorithms optimizing BP neural network was proposed. First, Otsu method was used to obtain disease location information and GrabCut function was initialized for extracting diseased area effectively. Second, colour moments, disease contour and GLCM were used to get colour, multi-contour and texture features. Once again, BP neural network was optimized by genetic algorithm, and the optimal initial weights and thresholds were obtained, which shortened the training time and improved the accuracy of disease identification. Finally, BP neural network model for tobacco diseases diagnosis was established with the mobile client as input and the user services as output. The field experiment showed that the method could diagnose eight types of tobacco diseases effectively and automatically. The average recognition accuracy rate of selected tobacco diseases was about 92.5%.     

烟草制丝过程中生物碱的变化研究

采用毛细管气相色谱分离、氢火焰离子化检测,分析了卷烟制丝过程中松片回潮、润叶加料、烘丝三个关键生产工序前后的总生物碱和游离生物碱的含量变化。研究结果表明,高温烘丝工序对总生物碱和游离生物碱的降低最为显著,润叶加料工序次之,松片回潮工序变化幅度最小。这三个关键卷烟制丝加工工艺过程中总生物碱的降低幅度达15%,游离生物碱降低达25%。试验研究结果对卷烟制丝工序质量评价、合理控制产品内在质量及其稳定性,具有一定理论指导意义和实际应用价值。     

不同部位烤烟中香味成分的分析研究

采用同时蒸馏—萃取的前处理方法,对不同部位烤烟中的香味成份进行了气相色谱—质谱(GC/MS)法定性定量分析。以内标法测定了不同部位烟叶中的吡嗪、噻唑、吡咯等16种碱性香味成分;糠醛、芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮等17种中性香味成分;丙酸、2-甲基戊酸、苯甲酸和月桂酸等15种酸性成分。     

HS-LPME-GC法在烟用香精香料质量控制中的应用

采用顶空液相微萃取法(HS-LPME)对8个不同批次及掺兑不同比例其他烟用香精香料的1148#样品的挥发性成分进行提取并用气相色谱法分析,同时研究了不同萃取溶剂、萃取时间、萃取温度对分析结果的影响,确定了最佳条件:样品在70℃下平衡1.0h,搅拌速度300r/min,以4.0μL正十二烷作萃取剂,萃取时间为10min,并通过主成分分析(PCA)法对不同批次及掺兑样品进行模式识别。结果表明:此法能成功地将掺兑样品区分开来,可以成为烟用香精香料1148#质量控制的有效手段之一。     

Pollution patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tobacco smoke of 12 commercial brand cigarettes were determined in a simulated chamber of 20.25 m3 in size. The total concentrations of 17 PAHs (summation operatorPAHs) in the chamber were 3500 and 1152 ng/m3 in vapor phase and particulate phase, respectively. In vapor phase, the yield of naphthalene (NA) appeared to be the most abundant (2462 ng/cig) followed by fluorene (FLUOR) and acenaphthylene (ACY), while the yield of benzo[ghi]perylene (BP) was the most abundant (259.7 ng/cig) in particulate phase followed by phenanthrene (PHEN) and FLUOR. The proportion of PAHs in particulate phase increased with increasing molecular weight. PAHs with two to six rings accounted for 40.2%, 35.3%, 11.7%, 7.6%, 5.2% of summation operatorPAHs, respectively. There was no obvious correlation between PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations in tobacco smoke and smoking tar contents, nicotine contents. With the source fingerprint of PAHs in tobacco smoke, NA could be regarded as the marker of tobacco smoke source because of its largest contribution to summation operatorPAHs (40.2%), followed by FLUOR (12.7%) and ACY (9.8%). Further study indicated that more than 80% of BaP in indoor air of resident homes in Hangzhou was from tobacco smoke.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Aa核心毒素基因转化烟草及其杀虫活性

将苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Aa的C端编码区截短,获得编码N端609个氨基酸约1.8kb的核心毒素基因,将其构建到植物表达载体转化烟草,研究直接表达的活性ICP核心毒素被昆虫取食后的杀虫效果.T1代种子发芽的抗生素抗性分离和PCR检测证实cry1Aa核心毒素基因整合到了烟草基因组,Western 杂交检测表明转化烟草能够正常表达大小为75.6kD的核心毒素蛋白.生物测定结果表明,转化烟草对初孵棉铃虫平均有高于60%的致死率,对初孵甜菜夜蛾平均达到70%的致死率,最高致死率均可达到90%以上,并对昆虫的生长发育有明显的抑制作用.     

烟草中挥发性、半挥发性中碱性成分分析

采用双相蒸馏共萃取的前处理方法,对烤烟中挥发性和半挥发性的碱、中性成份进行了气相色谱—质谱(GC/MS)法定性分析。结果表明,该方法重现性好,操作简便,是分析烤烟中挥发性和半挥发性碱、中性成份的一种可行方法。     

Mass-transfer characteristics of tobacco leaves

Analytical results are presented on the mass-transfer characteristics of tobacco leaves.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 145–149, January, 1980.     

Determination of exposure and probable ingestion of fluoride through tea, toothpaste, tobacco and pan masala

Levels of water soluble and acid soluble fluoride in tea, toothpaste, tobacco and pan masala (mouth freshener) were estimated. These items are, generally, ignored while calculating the total dietary intake of fluoride. Tea, toothpaste, tobacco, pan masala (with tobacco and without tobacco) frequently expose human body to 3.88-137.09, 53.5-338.5, 28.0-113.0, 16.5-306.5 and 23.5-185.0 microg of fluoride per gram of these items, respectively. An effort was also made to quantify, on the basis of available studies, the probable human ingestion of fluoride through these substances. Increased leaching of fluoride from some of these substances has been observed in acidic conditions in the present study. The results can be extrapolated to acidic conditions of human stomach.