Electrochemical corrosion behavior of the laser continuous heat treatment welded joints of 2205 duplex stainless steel

The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the welded joints of 2205 duplex stainless steel with the laser continuous heat treatment were investigated. The secondary austenite formation is the outcome of thermodynamic equilibrium breach of the alloy during heat treatment and the result of the continuous heat treatment which has the most important effect on the weld material. The partitioning behaviors of chromium and molybdenum as well as the volume fraction of ferrite and austenite have a remarkable influence on the composition of the individual phase. Mechanical examination of the laser trated weld demonstrates that the tensile strength and yield strength increase with increasing the amount of the secondary austenite. It is shown that the ultimate tensile strength of the 6 kW laser-treated weld is higher about 20 MPa than no heat treatment weld and the ductility can be further improved without compromising strength. The results indicate that the welding alters the corrosion behavior because of different post heat treatment power and the broad active peak is not identified which is attributed to the dissolution of the secondary austenitic in the ferrite phase. It is indicated that pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) values of base metal and 6 kW weld are higher than that of other welds; base metal is 33.7, 6 kW weld 33.3, no treatment 32.4, 4 kW weld 32.8, 8 kW weld 32.5. The extent of corrosion resistance improvement after reheating treatment is mainly caused by the removal of nitrogen from ferritic regions, which occurred as a consequence of secondary austenite growth.     

高效奥氏体不锈钢代用焊条的研究

通过采用低碳钢芯（H08E）和药皮过渡合金元素获得了高熔敷效率的不锈钢代用新型焊条，试验表明，该焊条具有电弧稳定，熔渣流动性良好，焊条尾部不发红、药皮无脱落土产,时缝金属化学成分，力学性能达到同类型铬镍合金焊芯不锈钢焊条的要求，从根本上解决了不锈钢焊条尾部发红，开裂等问题，同时也显著降低了焊条生产的成本。     

摆动磁场条件下的焊接接头组织研究

为了优化不锈钢焊接工艺,提高焊接质量,进行了外加电磁场条件下的304不锈钢钨极氩弧焊(TIG),磁场施加方式分别为横向磁场和旋转磁场.焊后采用电子显微镜对焊接接头进行显微组织观察,研究了不同外加磁场类型和不同焊接速度对不锈钢焊接接头组织的作用规律.试验结果表明,外加磁场改变了熔池的流动形态,使金属液由四周向中心流动并伴有搅拌,也使焊缝熔深增大的同时,抑制柱状晶的形成,细化组织.     

奥氏体不锈钢窄间隙激光填丝焊接性能

为了取代窄间隙TIG填充热丝焊接厚板奥氏体不锈钢,采用窄间隙光纤激光填丝焊接方法焊接了板厚为15 mm的SUS306LN奥氏体不锈钢.通过试验研究,确定了最适于窄间隙激光填丝焊接的坡口形式和最佳焊接工艺参数.利用所得最佳焊接条件,获得了成形美观、无焊接缺陷、力学性能高及焊接变形小的焊接接头,焊缝金属与母材形成良好的冶金结合.该焊接方法为厚板结构件的窄间隙填丝焊接确立了一种高效率的焊接技术,并成功地把该项技术应用到核聚变超导线圈盒的焊接上.     

新型不锈钢焊接材料的优化设计

所研制的新型不锈钢焊条采用了低碳钢芯，通过药皮过渡合金，通过对焊条药成分的优化设计，分析了不锈钢焊条药皮中影响焊缝气孔生成率的因素及各因素对气孔率的影响规律，解决了出现焊缝气孔的问题，并彻底克服了不锈钢焊条药皮发红开裂的缺点，同时由于低碳钢焊芯的采用增加了焊条长度，减少了更换焊条次数，并可采用较大的焊接线能量，在很大程度上提高了焊接效率，经过测验表明，本焊条过渡合金量达到设计要求，焊缝熔敷金属具有优良的抗晶间腐蚀能力和综合力学性能。     

不锈钢TIG焊活性剂对焊缝性能的影响

针对TIG焊生产效率低，单层焊可焊厚度小等问题，采用活性化TIG焊（A-TIG），能够大幅度地提高焊缝熔深，从而提高焊接效率和生产率。研究了在不锈钢TIG焊中，5种单一成分的活性剂（SiO2、CaF2、TiO2、Cr2O3和NaF）对焊缝机械性能和微观组织的影响，试验结果表明，同传统的TIG焊相比，在相同规范下，上述5种活性剂都能够大幅度的提高焊缝的熔深，但是不同的活性剂对焊缝机械性能的影响不同，其中活性剂SiO2所形成的焊缝的抗拉强度和塑性最好，而活性剂Cr2O3所得到的焊缝硬度最大；活性剂对焊缝微观组织没有明显改变，仅仅改变了奥氏体和铁素体组织的纹理结构。     

Comparison of fatigue property between friction stir and TIG welds

The alloy 5052 was welded by friction stir welding （FSW） and tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding. The effect of welding processes （FSW and TIG） on the fatigue properties of 5052 aluminum-welded joints was analyzed based on fatigue testing, and the S-N curve of the joints were established. The results show that the fatigue properties of FSW welded joints are better than those of TIG welded joints. The fatigue strength is determined as 65 MPa under 106 cycling of fatigue life. The microstructure of joints is fine grains and narrow HAZ zone in FSW welds, which inhibit the growth of cracks and produce high fatigue life compared with that of TIG welds. Fracture morphologies also show that the fatigue fracture results from weld defects.     

Microstructure and properties of Al-Mg-(Sc, Zr) welded joint

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Mg-(Sc, Zr) welded joint prepared by manual labor melt inert gas(MIG) welding method using Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Sc weld wire as filling materials were studied comparatively. The results show that the apparent recrystallization does not happen in heat-affected zone. It proves that Al-Mg(Sc,Zr) alloy has a high capability of resistance to welding heat-soften. Using Al-Mg-Sc welding wire as filling material can obviously refine the grains of weld seam and improve its strength. The layer of small equal-axe grains in fusion area improves the joint strength between welded metal and base metal. The coefficients of welded joints when Al-Mg-Sc and Al-Mg welding wire are used as filling material are greater than 0. 90, respectively. The yield strength of welded joints with Al-Mg welding wire is only 187 MPa, one is as high as 287 MPa with A1-Mg-Sc welding wire, thus the working strength of the welded unit is greatly improved.     

1Cr13不锈钢焊接接头组织及力学性能的研究

采用钨极氩弧焊的方法,对3 mm厚的1Cr13马氏体型不锈钢板实施焊接,通过LOM,SEM方法对焊接接头组织及断口形貌进行观察及分析;利用显微硬度计、电子万能拉伸机测量了焊接接头的力学性能.结果表明,通过手工钨极氩弧焊,采用直流正接接法(焊接电流为80 A,焊接速度为110 mm/min)能够获得外观平整、组织均匀、力学性能满足要求的焊接接头.     

低碳钢与铝合金异种金属搭接激光-滚轮焊接

为了提高低碳钢与铝合金异种金属的焊接性能,采用激光-滚轮焊接工艺对低碳钢和铝合金搭接接头的焊接性能进行了研究,通过试验确定最佳工艺参数.采用激光显微镜和拉伸试验机分别分析了焊接接头组织和拉伸剪切性能.结果表明,随着激光功率的减少或焊接速度的增加,金属间化合物层厚度和接合宽度随之减小.随着滚轮压力的增加,金属间化合物层厚度随之增加.当金属间化合物层厚度为4～6μm,热输入量范围为375～800 J/cm时,拉伸剪切试样断裂位置均位于低碳钢母材侧.     

Microstructure and properties of Al-Mg-(Sc, Zr) welded joint

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Mg-(Sc, Zr) welded joint prepared by manual labor melt inert gas(MIG) welding method using Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Sc weld wire as filling materials were studied comparatively. The results show that the apparent recrystallization does not happen in heat-affected zone. It proves that Al-Mg(Sc,Zr) alloy has a high capability of resistance to weldiing heat-soften. Using Al-Mg-Sc welding wire as filling material can obviously refine the grains of weld seam and improve its strength. The layer of small equal-axe grains in fusion area improves the joint strength between welded metal and base metal. The coefficients of welded joints when Al-Mg-Sc and Al-Mg weldiong wire are used as filling material are greater than 0.90, respectively. The yield strength of welded joints with Al-Mg welding wire is only 187 MPa, one is as 287 MPa with Al-Mg-Sc welding wire, thus the working strength of the welded unit is greatly improved. Foundation item: Project (2003AA305020) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China; project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China     

异种金属材料焊接性的研究：HSn62—1与1Cr18Ni9Ti焊接铜渗透裂纹

本文是在冷却器HSn62—1黄铜与1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢熔—钎焊(Welding—braze)工艺试验的基础上,采用铜合金焊丝对奥氏体不锈钢的焊接中产生铜渗透裂纹进行了机理的研究。通过熔一钎焊的TIG工艺大量试验数据表明,液态铜对奥氏体不锈钢润湿、渗透,在焊接应力作用下,沿晶界渗透扩展而开裂,并且在裂纹中充满了液态铜。由于液态铜使晶界表面能明显降低,同时对裂纹尖端壁面产生一种附加压力,促使液态铜沿晶界加速扩展,形成奥氏体不锈钢液态金属脆化而导致铜的渗透裂纹。 本试验采用七种钢合金焊丝进行熔一钎焊的TIG最佳工艺试验,提出了适用的焊丝,指明了产生铜渗透裂纹的基本规律,为完善异种金属焊接提供了理论依据。     

10Ni5CrMoV钢厚板MIG焊接接头组织研究

用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对10Ni5CrMoV船用钢厚板的MIG焊接接头进行了组织分析和断口分析，用能谱分析仪（EDS）对焊缝及熔合线处的氧化物作了定点谱成分析，根据组织分析和氧化物成分分析结构对针状铁素体的形成及韧化机理进行了探讨，研究结果表明：焊缝组织为针状铁素体 氧化物 少量板条马氏体，熔合线附近组织为板条马氏体针状铁素体 氧化物，粗晶区组织为板条马氏体；焊缝及熔合线附近的氧化物是针状铁素体的形核剂，针状铁素体可以在一个氧化物上实现多维形核，大量的针状铁素体组织是焊缝及熔合线具有很好的低温韧性的重要原因。     

焊接工艺对双相不锈钢焊接接头力学性能和组织的影响

分析了不同焊接方法对A240-S32205双相不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能及金相组织的影响.结果表明：氩弧焊和手工电弧焊均能使焊接接头获得良好的相比例和耐腐蚀性,但氩弧焊焊接接头的耐腐蚀性优于酸性焊条手工焊焊接接头;氩弧焊焊接接头具有良好的综合力学性能,酸性焊条手工焊的低温冲击性能则不很理想;焊接接头的热影响区产生第3相有害金属相的倾向高于焊缝区,是双相钢焊接耐腐蚀性的薄弱区域.     

焊接工艺对奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀行为的影响

针对氯离子环境中奥氏体不锈钢焊缝较高的焊接残余应力极易引发应力腐蚀开裂的普遍性工程难题,对国产304、316L、德国304钢3种材料的不同焊接工艺进行了系列应力腐蚀实验研究.焊接工艺包括手工焊条电弧焊及CO2保护药芯电弧焊、焊后空冷及浇水速冷,取样位置包括母材、焊缝起弧及收弧.通过100多个试样的应力腐蚀对比实验,研究了各种工艺之间的优劣,拟合了2种材料在沸腾氯化镁环境中应力-寿命的数学关系.结果表明,对应力腐蚀寿命而言,316 L是304钢的15倍以上、焊接起弧点高于收弧点、对接焊缝高于角焊缝;焊后速冷工艺可提高焊接接头抗应力腐蚀能力.     

不锈钢汽车排气管激光焊接残余应力

为了提高不锈钢管的冷加工成形性能,进一步优化相应焊接工艺,在对汽车排气管激光焊接温度场进行数值模拟研究的基础上,分析激光焊接汽车排气管残余应力.在考虑网格的疏密过渡以及材料力学性能参数随温度的变化条件下,分析激光焊接不锈钢管残余应力演变过程及分布特点,即滚轮挤压量越小,平均残余应力越小,但容易出现咬边和未焊透,在局部产生应力集中,更容易在焊接管冷加工时出现开裂;激光焊接线能量减小,轴向残余应力区域变窄,峰值应力增加.将激光焊接残余应力与钨极氩弧焊(TIG)+激光焊的残余应力进行对比实验,结果表明,不锈钢管TIG+激光焊残余应力与激光焊接具有相似的分布,分布区域相对变宽,焊轴向残余应力比激光焊接小,提高了焊接管冷加工成型性能.     

Pitting and galvanic corrosion behavior of stainless steel with weld in wet-dry environment containing CI

Accelerated corrosion test of stainless steel with weld was carried out to investigate the corrosion behavior under the wetdry cyclic condition in the atmosphere containing Cl-. In the surface morphology, corrosion products were analyzed by metallographic observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the damage to stainless steel with weld in the atmosphere containing Cl- is due to localized corrosion, especially pitting and galvanic corrosion.Weld acts as the anode, whereas matrix acts as the cathode in the corrosion process. The pitting corrosion, including the nucleation and growth of a stable pit, is promoted by the presence of wet-dry cycles, especially during the drying stage. Pits centralizing in weld are found to be grouped together like colonies, with a number of smaller pits surrounding a larger pit. The composition of the corrosion products is Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Fe3O4, NiCrO4, etc.     

镁合金双弧焊接过程研究与分析

研究了镁合金MIG-TIG双弧焊接方法,通过工艺实验获得了影响焊接过程的工艺参数(电流、弧长、焊丝末端与钨极末端的间距、焊接速度等)。在总电流为140 A,旁路电流为115 A,电弧电压为21 V,焊丝末端与钨极末端间距为3 mm时获得了成形较为美观的焊缝。分析了工艺参数对焊接过程及焊缝成形的影响,为进一步提高镁合金双弧焊接过程稳定性,获得质量高成形好的焊缝提供了一定的理论基础。     

Pitting and galvanic corrosion behavior of stainless steel with weld in wet-dry environment containing Cl~-

Accelerated corrosion test of stainless steel with weld was carried out to investigate the corrosion behavior under the wet-dry cyclic condition in the atmosphere containing Cl?. In the surface morphology, corrosion products were analyzed by metal- lographic observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the damage to stainless steel with weld in the atmosphere containing Cl? is due to localized corrosion, especially pitting and galvanic corrosion. Weld acts as the anode, whereas matrix acts as the cathode in the corrosion process. The pitting corrosion, including the nucleation and growth of a stable pit, is promoted by the presence of wet-dry cycles, especially during the drying stage. Pits centralizing in weld are found to be grouped together like colonies, with a number of smaller pits surrounding a larger pit. The composition of the corro- sion products is Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Fe3O4, NiCrO4, etc.     

AZ31B变形镁合金板材的TIG焊接

采用TIG焊对5 mm厚AZ31B挤压镁合金板材进行了焊接试验。采用万能拉伸试验机、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和显微硬度仪等分析测试手段对焊接接头的组织、力学性能以及断口形貌等进行了分析。探讨了焊接电流对焊接接头的组织及力学性能的影响,揭示了不同焊接电流下焊接接头的断裂机制。结果表明,采用TIG焊焊接5 mm厚AZ31B镁合金板时,开X型坡口,采用双面焊接双面成型工艺,在130~145 A焊接电流及合适焊接速度条件下,能得到表面成型良好的焊接接头。当正反面焊接电流均为145 A时,AZ31B镁合金板焊接接头的抗拉强度达到最大值248.6 MPa,约为母材强度的84.0%。AZ31B镁合金板焊缝区显微硬度比母材区稍有所下降,热影响区显微硬度下降比较严重。当焊接电流为145 A时,AZ31B镁合金板焊接拉伸断口有大量韧窝,属韧性断裂。