Effect of microstructure on tensile properties and fracture behavior of intermetallic Ti2AlNb alloys

The tensile properties and fracture behaviors of Ti-22Al-27Nb and Ti-22Al-20Nb-7Ta alloys were investigated in the temperature range of 25-800℃ Three typical microstructures were obtained by ifferent thermomechanical processing techniques.The results indicate that the duplex microstructure has an optimum combination of tensile yield strength and ductility both at room and elevated temperatures.Adding Ta to Ti2AlNb alloy can improve the yield strength,especially at high temperature while retain a good ductility.The study on crack initiation and propagation in dedformed microstructure of Ti2AlNb alloys indicates that microstructure has ikmportant effect on the tensile fracture mechanism of the alloys.The cracks initiate within primary O/α2 grains along O/B2 boundaries or O phase laths in B2 matrix,and propagate along primary B2 grain boundaries for the duplex microstructure.The fracture mode is transgranular with ductile dimples for the duplex and the equiaxed microstructures,but intergranular for the lath microstructure.     

热处理对Ti2AlNb/Ti60双合金接头组织及性能的影响

以连接加变形后的Ti2AlNb/Ti60双合金为对象,研究锻后不同热处理制度对双合金接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:热处理制度对Ti60合金侧热影响区的相组成影响较小,但对相的形态、尺寸和数量具有一定的影响;随着固溶温度的升高或固溶时间的延长,双合金试样的强度增加,塑性下降;经过990℃/1h+750℃/4h热处理后的Ti2AlNb/Ti60双合金焊缝组织得到优化,强度和塑性均高于Ti60合金基体,双合金试样在室温及600℃高温均表现出较好的强度与塑性匹配.     

Ta对Ti_2AlNb基合金微观组织和高温性能的影响

对Ti Al Nb Ta系列合金的组织结构、高温拉伸力学性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,合金中Ta替代部分Nb ,提高了合金的 β/B2转变点温度 ,有利于细化合金的微观组织结构 ;随着Ta含量增加 ,Ti2 AlNb基合金在650℃的屈服强度增加。     

Ti2AlNb板材的热拉伸行为和微观组织演化机理

本文通过高温拉伸试验研究了Ti-22Al-24.5Nb-0.5Mo合金在温度范围为910~1040℃、应变速率为0.0001~0.1-1条件下的高温变形行为。建立了B2/β+O、α2+B2/β+O和α2+B2/β三个不同相区的Arrhenius方程,并通过多种微观组织观察技术研究了微观组织演化机理。结果表明：在B2/β+O、α2+B2/β+O和α2+B2/β三个相区的激活能分别为759.43kJ/mol,516.71kJ/mol和438.59kJ/mol。微观组织演化主要是O相晶粒的动态再结晶和B2/β相晶粒的动态回复,在B2/β+O相区的软化机制是片层O相晶粒的球化,而在α2+B2/β+O相区的软化机制是B2/β相晶粒的动态再结晶及局部剪切带的形成。     

Ti2AlNb合金不同温度下的高温氧化行为

研究了Ti₂AlNb合金在不同温度下的高温氧化行为。采用连续氧化增重的方法计算了合金氧化动力学规律;用XRD、SEM、EDS等手段研究氧化后的表面相结构和表面、截面形貌以及元素分布。结果表明,Ti₂AlNb合金在650 ℃和750 ℃下的连续氧化动力学曲线近似符合抛物线规律,而在850 ℃时符合直线规律。氧化层分层现象明显,且都未形成连续致密的Al₂O₃保护层。氧化产物主要为TiO₂,少量的Al₂O₃、Nb₂O₅,以及微量的AlNbO₄、Nb₂TiO₇、AlNb₂。氧化温度越高,分层越明显,富氧层越厚,危害性氧化物越多。     

激光立体成形Ti60-Ti2AlNb梯度材料的组织与相演变

采用激光立体成形技术制备了沿沉积方向成分渐变的立墙式Ti60-Ti2AlNb梯度材料,研究了沉积态Ti60-Ti2AlNb梯度材料的相与显微组织的演变规律.随Al和Nb含量的增加,梯度材料中呈现α+β→α+α'→α'→α+β→α+β/B2+α2→β/B2+α2→β/B2+α2+O→B2+O→B2的相演变趋势,α相在Ti60到Ti60-60%Ti2AlNb(质量分数)的成分范围内一直存在.梯度材料的硬度同样随着Al和Nb含量的增加而增加,并随着B2+O相的形成达到极大值,不过随着在Ti2AlNb端部全B2相的获得,硬度急剧降低.基于钛合金富Ti区非平衡相图,结合Al和Nb元素对α,α2,β/B2和O相稳定性的影响分析,及考虑激光立体成形所具有的反复回火/退火和热积累效应,对梯度材料在激光立体成形过程中呈现的相演化规律进行了解释.     

保温时间对Ti2AlNb基合金高温拉伸强度的影响

高温拉伸试验标准仅规定保温时间下限,对保温时间上限没有提及.以Ti2AlNb基合金650℃高温拉伸试验为例,证明保温时间对拉伸强度结果有影响,提出对于这种高温拉伸试验过程出现保温时间效应的特殊材料,标准应明确规定各应变速率下的保温时间范围,保证不同检验部门试验结果的一致性和可对比性.     

Ti2AlNb合金电子束熔透焊的数值模拟

采用热-弹-塑性有限元计算模拟了Ti2AlNb合金电子束焊的温度场和应力场。为了准确反映熔透型电子束焊接的特点,对旋转高斯曲面体热源模型进行了改进。研究结果表明:采用改进的热源模型能准确地模拟穿透型电子束焊焊缝横截面轮廓;残余应力的模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了有限元模型的正确性;Ti2AlNb合金电子束焊后残余应力以纵向拉应力为主,且集中分布在距焊缝中心线3 mm的区域内;横向残余应力在表面附近区域呈压应力,内部呈拉应力,表面横向压应力是由焊缝纵向和厚度方向的收缩导致的;焊缝内部出现三向拉应力的状态。     

Ti2AlNb基O相合金双辉等离子渗碳层摩擦磨损性能

利用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术在Ti2AlNb基O相合金表面进行渗碳处理,采用SEM、EDS、XRD、硬度仪及摩擦磨损试验机对其组织成分、元素分布、相组成、硬度及耐磨性能进行研究.结果表明,在Ti2AlNb基O相合金表面形成了约30μm的渗碳层,渗碳层表面硬度为1053 HV0.1,且硬度随渗层厚度梯度递减.渗碳层和基体平均摩擦因数分别为0.4和0.75,渗碳层比磨损率为基体比磨损率的1/17.双层辉光等离子渗碳技术明显提高了Ti2A1Nb基O相合金的耐磨性.     

Tensile properties and fracture surface of 07MnNiCrMoVDR steel welded joint at low temperature

The tensile properties and fracture surfuce of 07MnNiCrMoVDR steel welded joint at low temperature have been studied by universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the tensile properties of 07MnNiCrMoVDR steel welded joint are greatly affected by temperature. Tensile strength and yield strength of 07MnNiCrMoVDR steel welded joint increase, bat elongation and reduction of area decrease with temperature decreasing. The macro-fracture of 07 MnNiCrMoVDR steel welded joint exhibits that the shear lip is not significant and micro-fracture makes up of dimpled fracture and tear fracture, and dimple becomes tiny and uniform with temperature decreasing.     

Ti2AlNb合金微弧氧化电解液优化及耐磨性研究

目的优化Ti_2AlNb合金微弧氧化的电解液配方,提高Ti_2AlNb合金微弧氧化膜的耐磨性。方法借助SEM、EDS、XRD研究硅酸盐-磷酸盐电解液体系中Na_2MoO_4浓度对Ti_2AlNb合金微弧氧化膜形貌、成分及相结构的影响。利用CFT-I型磨损试验机测试不同微弧氧化膜的摩擦磨损性能。结果电解液中添加Na_2MoO_4后,微弧氧化膜的生长速率增加,膜层中出现了Mo元素且含量也逐渐增加。Na_2MoO_4的加入降低了Ti_2AlNb合金微弧氧化膜的摩擦系数及比磨损率,但微弧氧化膜的耐磨性并非随Na_2MoO_4含量线性提高。含6 g/L Na_2MoO_4的体系中,微弧氧化膜摩擦系数低至0.25左右,比磨损率仅为1.20×10~(-3) mm~3/(N·m),表面呈轻微磨粒磨损特征。结论电解液中的Na_2MoO_4参与了成膜过程,对Ti_2AlNb合金微弧氧化膜的生长有显著的促进作用,有效地改善了Ti_2AlNb合金微弧氧化膜的耐磨性。     

Ti2AlNb合金高应变率下流动应力特征与本构关系

利用电子万能试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆得到Ti_2AlNb合金准静态拉伸曲线及高应变率下动态压缩应力-应变曲线,观察分析变形后试样的微观组织,研究其高应变率下的流动应力特征。结果表明:在应变率2500～7500 s-1范围内,Ti_2AlNb合金的流动应力对应变率有较强的敏感性,且具有应变强化、应变率增强及增塑效应;应变率为5500、6500、7500s-1的3组试样中观察到了与加载方向约成45°的绝热剪切带。改进Johnson-Cook本构模型,拟合实验数据得到Ti_2AlNb合金室温下的动态塑性本构关系,与实验对比,改进后的模型能够较好地描述Ti_2AlNb合金在高应变率下的流动应力。     

焊接电流对Ti2AlNb/TC18焊接界面性能及元素扩散的影响

采用真空电子束焊接对Ti2AlNb和TC18合金进行连接,研究了不同焊接电流时焊接界面的性能及元素扩散情况。结果表明:焊接接头在室温和高温下均获得了较高的抗拉强度。采用同一电流焊接时,TC18侧热影响区的显微硬度值高于该合金基体却低于该侧焊缝区,而Ti2AlNb合金侧热影响区的显微硬度值均高于该侧焊缝区和Ti2AlNb合金基体;在28 mA的焊接电流下,焊接界面的整体显微硬度值均较高,这是因为焊接界面形成了含量较多且尺寸较小的α′马氏体和O相,对界面起到了强化作用。在不同的焊接电流下,合金元素均在焊缝和两侧母材交界处存在较大的浓度梯度,其原因是焊缝金属的快速凝固使得各合金元素没有足够的时间和能量进行充分扩散。     

Tensile properties of some copper- and zinc-based alloys: Effects of strain rate and test temperature

This study analyzes the effects of test temperature and strain rate on the tensile properties of some copper-and zinc-based alloys. The copper-based alloys comprised a leaded-tin and an aluminum bronze, whereas the zinc-based alloys were added with various quantities of aluminum. The aluminum bronze attained maximum room-temperature tensile strength, whereas that of the leaded-tin bronze was the least. Among the zinc-based alloys, the one comprising 27.5 mass% aluminum exhibited superior tensile strength, followed by those alloyed with 11.5, 37.5, and 47.5 mass% aluminum in a descending order. Increasing strain rate tended to improve the tensile strength of the alloys. Tensile strength was reduced with an increase in test temperature irrespective of the alloy composition. The aluminum bronze possessed maximum strength regardless of temperature. The leaded-tin bronze attained least strength property at low temperatures, whereas higher test temperatures led to superior strength than the zinc-based alloys. The temperature sensitivity of the strength of the zinc-based alloys decreased with their aluminum content. Tensile elongation of the alloys tended to increase with an increase in strain rate and test temperature. Leaded-tin bronze was least affected in either case. The alloy also attained least elongation irrespective of test conditions. The aluminum bronze showed maximum elongation, at least at high strain rates. In the case of the zinc-based alloys, intermediate range of aluminum concentration led to better elongation. The elongation property of the alloys was affected by temperature in different manners. In a few cases, the elongation initially increased followed by a reduction beyond a specific test temperature, whereas, in other cases, a continuous increase with temperature was noted. The observations made have been discussed in terms of the nature of different microconstituents of the alloys whose effectiveness changes with test conditions. The response of the samples has been further substantiated with their fractographic features and subsurface characteristics.     

真空脱气对粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金力学性能的影响

采用无坩埚感应熔炼超声气体雾化法制备了成分为Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo(原子分数,x/%)的预合金粉末,并对预合金粉末的化学成分、表面状态及流动性等进行了表征。通过包套热等静压工艺制备了粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金,研究了真空脱气对粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,超声气体雾化法制备的Ti2AlNb合金粉末化学成分批次稳定性好;从粉末填充的工艺性能方面考虑,热等静压成形应选取粒度小于250 μm以下的全粒度分布预合金粉末;真空脱气处理可减少粉末冶金Ti2AlNb合金的孔隙缺陷,提升合金拉伸性能的稳定性和高温持久寿命。     

电磁耦合处理对Ti2AlNb合金电子束焊缝疲劳寿命的影响研究

在航空发动机机匣的焊接过程中,焊缝作为薄弱部位,将直接影响整个机匣的疲劳性能及服役寿命。通常采用焊后热处理消除焊接热应力,均匀焊缝组织,提高焊缝性能,但对于疲劳寿命的改善效果不明显。本研究创新性地提出电磁耦合处理技术,对热处理后的Ti₂AlNb合金电子束焊缝进行调控,提升焊接接头的疲劳寿命,同时研究了在电磁耦合作用下焊缝区材料组织演变规律。结果表明,焊缝疲劳极限由134.2MPa增至159.4MPa,提升18.8%。经电磁耦合处理后,焊缝区域的残余压应力最高提升128.7%。同时,在不改变材料组织和相成分的情况下,在材料内部生成位错墙与位错纠缠,疲劳裂纹源由表层移至次表层,疲劳裂纹扩展速度降低,使得疲劳性能提升。焦耳热效应、电子风力效应与磁致塑性效应的耦合作用促进了位错运动,同时增强了疲劳裂纹扩展障碍。本研究为提升焊缝疲劳寿命提供了一种新方法,并为电磁耦合处理提升焊缝疲劳性能提供了可行性依据。     

Ti2AlNb基合金的计算机模拟研究进展

简述了目前金属和合金计算机模拟研究中采用的相图计算技术，第一原理方法和埋入原子势方法，并给出了这些方法应用于Ti2AlNb基合金研究中所取得的一些成果。     

Powder Size Influence on Tensile Properties and Porosity for PM Ti_2AlNb Alloy Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Pre-alloyed powder of Ti_2AlNb alloy was prepared by electrode induction gas atomization method, and the powder was screened into fi ve kinds of powder size distribution. Fully dense Ti_2AlNb alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy(PM) using hot isostatic pressing. The properties of pre-alloyed powder and PM Ti_2AlNb alloy were tested. Results show that mean grain size of PM Ti_2AlNb alloy is infl uenced by powder particle size, but particle size has no signifi cant infl uence on tensile properties. Finer Ti_2AlNb powder has low Argon gas bubble ratio and high oxygen content, and poor fl owability of fi ner powder increases the degree of diffculty during degassing. As a result, big pores( 50 μm) are observed in PM Ti_2AlNb alloy prepared by fi ner powder and cause plasticity loss of tensile properties. In order to get a better comprehensive properties of PM Ti_2AlNb alloy, powder with an average size(～ 100 μm) is suggested.