核电站工程建设阶段不符合项管理

本文对国家现行的核安全法规HAF003（1991）《核电厂质量保证安全规定》和国际原子能机构发布的IAEA 50-C/SG-Q（1996）《核电厂和其它核设施安全的质量保证》中对不符合项的管理要求进行了深入的比较和分析,并在此基础上对核电站工程建设阶段的不符合项管理措施的制定提出了建设性意见。     

确保全面安全：新的INSAG

在1985年，IAEA总干事确定IAEA在核安全方面需要一个咨询委员会。随后，国际核安全咨询组(INSAG)被批准成立。这些年来核社会通过INSAG向机构提出的明智的忠告和建议或通过机构了解了它。在1985—2002年间，INSAG成员包括来自世界各国的13到l5位专家。在这些年里，包括Messrs．A．P．Vuorinen(芬兰)、H．J．C．Kouts(美国)、Z．Domaratzki(加拿大)、     

IAEA与我国核电厂设计安全规定分析及比对研究

在国家"一带一路"战略下,中国核电产业作为国家名片出口海外受到了极大关注。中国核电"走出去"重要的一步是核安全相关法规标准与国际法规标准的接轨。国际原子能机构(IAEA)发布的核安全要求SSR-2/1(Rev.1)《核电厂安全:设计》是国际权威的、先进的核电厂设计安全要求文件。我国国家核安全局修编发布了核安全要求HAF 102—2016《核动力厂设计安全规定》。文章通过对SSR-2/1(Rev.1)与HAF 102—2016的研究分析与对比,阐述IAEA与我国核电厂设计的安全要求,并论述HAF 102—2016与SSR-2/1(Rev.1)的差异性。     

IAEA 50-C/SG-Q系列标准新(96)、旧版及GB/T19001标准中有关设计控制要求的对照

IAEA核电站及其他核设施质量保证安全法规及导则新版No50C／SG－Q已于1996年出版发行。新版保留了旧版中的主要内容，也在一些基本概念上，尤其是结构上作了较大调整。笔者在学习新版有关设计控制要求的同时，将其与旧版及GB／T190OI标准的相应部分作了对照，希望对设计院的同行研究、贯彻IAEA及ISO有关质量保证标准会有所神益。本文以列表的形式列出了三项标准对同一要素的主要要求，现就制表过程作下述几点说明。（1）要素的排列顺序以50－SG－Q10《设计质量保证》为基础，50－SG－QA6《核电厂设计中的质量保证》及GB／T1900…     

IAEA将设立核安全司

国际原子能机构(IAEA)将在1996年1月1日设立核安全司,由第五副总干事(DDG)任司长,目的是将安全活动从目前的核能和核安全司中分离出来。 这项改革将不增加职位或费用,但它仍须由机构预算委员会批准。 此新的机构将导致核能司的精简,该司将负责核动力、燃料循环和科技信息;此新司将主管核安全和辐射防护并确保与核能司之间的紧密联系。 IAEA总干事汉斯·布利克斯今年3月底对理事会说,拟议的分开将有利于加强上     

民用核安全设备活动中不符合(项)的识别、分类与控制

结合我国民用核安全设备活动管理现状,分析总结民用核安全设备活动许可证申请审查和监督检查中发现的不符合(项)识别、分类和控制中存在的问题,并参考Safety Series No.50-C/SG-Q,ASME NQA-1,RCC-M等国际通用标准规范的相关要求,提出民用核安全设备活动中不符合(项)的识别、分类和控制要求。     

IAEA 50-C/SG-Q(96)简介和HAF0400(91)系列现状分析

通过IAEA50－C／SG－Q（96）与50－C／SG－QA（88）的对比，介绍了最新版本的IAEA50－C／SG－Q（96）的结构、内容、变动情况及特点，并从对核电事业发展所起的作用和存在的问题两方面说明HAF0400（91）系列的现状和修订的必要性．     

浅析核安全监管及法规体系

目前,我国在建和在运核电机组分别达到21个和30个,福岛核事故后核安全监管不断面临新的挑战,建立健全核安全监管体系依然任重道远。文章综述了IAEA以及美国、法国、俄罗斯和我国的核安全监管及法规体系,总结了国内外核安全监管和法规体系的主要特征,从而为我国和安全监管体系的完善提供了参考。     

IAEA对空运放射性物质提出更高的要求

【德国《原子经济》1996年第1期第50页报道】 国际原子能机构(IAEA)通常每约10年修订一次关于放射性物质安全运输的推荐值。各成员国也将其收入到本国的交通法中。在IAEA修订小组于1995年9月25—29日召开的会议期间,专家们完成了对IAEA关于放射性物质运输推荐值的修订工     

核安全设备供应商实践核安全文化的途径和方法探索

基于我国核电事业的发展需求,为了有效推动核安全设备供应商进行核安全文化建设,按照法规导则、国家核安全局核安全文化政策声明要求和IAEA核安全文化方面的研究成果,本文着重从核安全文化体系建立、宣贯、实施、对分供方控制、监督评估与改进几个方面,描述了核安全设备供应商实践核安全文化的途径和方法。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.