不同接种污泥对UASB反应器处理毒性有机废水的影响

对未经培养的城市污水处理厂消化污泥和经短期培养的城市污水处理厂消化污泥分别作为ＵＡＳＢ反应器的接种污泥，进行了处理含有毒性物质树脂生产废水的比较试验，由于毒性物质的存在，消化污泥直接作为ＵＡＳＢ反应器的接种污泥时，不能形成活性高、沉淀性能良好的颗粒污泥，因此反应器的容积负荷低、出水ＳＳ高，污泥流失，为了维持系统的稳定运行，必须采取污泥回流的措施；经短期培养的消化污泥作为ＵＡＳＢ反应器的接种污泥时，     

UASB＋AF反应器的快速启动

采用UASB＋AF反应器处理高浓度涤纶聚脂生产废水,实现了生产性试验处理系统的快速启动。实践证明,启动初期投加阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和颗粒活性炭可加快颗粒污泥的生成,具有启动速度快,耐冲击性负荷强等优点。     

UASB颗粒污泥性质研究

介绍了UASB反应器处理高浓度葡萄糖有机废水的试验材料及方法，分析了UASB的运行过程及结果，对不同运行时期UASB反应器内颗粒污泥的性质进行了研究，以促进UASB的应用。     

中温下UASB反应器的启动

利用四个相同的UASB反应器做平行对比试验，R1，R2和R3利用浓缩池污泥作为接种污泥，R4利用化粪池污泥作为接种污泥，研究了两种不同接种污泥一浓缩池污泥、化粪池污泥在UASB启动阶段的差别和Al^3＋，Ca^2＋在UASB启动阶段对污泥颗粒化进程的影响。     

UASB处理生活污水二次启动试验研究

通过对停止运行8个月的UASB反应器进行二次启动试验,重点分析了用于低浓度生活污水处理的UASB反应器的二次启动的影响因素.研究结果表明,可直接利用反应器内原有颗粒污泥进行二次启动;二次启动期间,水力负荷是重要的运行控制参数,并应避免活性厌氧污泥流失.反应器稳定运行后,CODCr、CODf的去除率均能达到50%,SS去除率可以达到80%以上.     

投加颗粒活性炭加快UASB反应器内颗粒化进程的研究

投加颗粒活性炭加快ＵＡＳＢ反应器内颗粒化进程的研究周律（清华大学）王宝泉于泮池（西安建筑科技大学）１引言厌氧生物处理工艺在处理有机废水中广泛采用。其中升流式污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）反应器主要优点是系统内不必设有支承物，可以截留大量活性污泥，这就要求被截留的...     

UASB反应器常温下处理啤酒废水的生产性启动研究

北京啤酒厂的8个生产性升流厌氧污泥层(UASB)反应器总有效容积2000m~3,系统地介绍了该反应器用于常温下处理啤酒工业废水的启动过程。经过八个月的启动运行,运行效果较好的单元反应器,容积负荷可达到7.0～12.0kgCOD/m~3·d,水力停留时间5～6h,COD去除率高于75％。首次利用好氧活性污泥接种生产性UASB反应器获得成功。本反应器顺利启动的关键技术是适宜的污泥接种量(6.0～8.0kgVSS/m~3)、正确对待污泥流失及提供足够的营养和碱度。     

改良UASB反应器处理海藻酸钠废水的试验研究

本试验采用改良UASB反应器在常温条件下现场处理海藻酸钠废水,试验历时94 d,在絮状污泥为主条件下,容积负荷6.0 kgCOD/(m3.d)时,COD去除率达到85%,出水pH 6.8左右,VFA稳定在400 mg/L左右,设备运行稳定.试验结果表明,常温下利用改良UASB处理海带渣废水是可行的.     

常温下UASB处理鱼粉加工废水启动特性研究

针对鱼粉加工废水经过混凝处理后仍含有较高浓度的COD（50g／L以上）、氨氮（4g/L以上）、盐分（5g/L以上）的问题,从有机负荷、进水和出水pH、挥发性脂肪酸、氨氮、盐分等方面,研究了常温下UASB的启动特性及其处理效果。结果表明,UASB反应器对鱼粉加工废水具有较好的处理效果,反应器内能形成大量的颗粒污泥,启动迅速、运行稳定,具有较强的酸、碱缓冲能力,未出现氨氮和脂肪酸的积累和抑制微生物活性的现象。当进水COD为15～20．5g／L、容积负荷为8～9kg／（m^3·d）时,出水COD为2500mg／L（对COD的去除率〉85％）,产气量为0．46L/gCOD（CH4含量〉80％,具有较高的利用价值）。颗粒污泥呈黑色椭圆状,粒径主要分布在0．315—3mm,污泥浓度为35g／L,MLVSS／MLSS为0．908,颗粒污泥的沉速为52．5～138m／h（沉降性能良好）。     

Characteristics of sludge developed under different loading conditions during UASB reactor start-up and granulation

Sludge characteristics available inside the reactor are of vital importance to maximize advantages of UASB reactor. The organic loading rate and sludge loading rate applied during start-up are among the important parameters to govern the sludge characteristics. Effects of these loading rates on the characteristics of the sludge developed are evaluated in six laboratory scale UASB reactors. The sludge characteristics considered are VSS/SS ratio of the sludge, sludge volume index, specific gravity, settling velocity and metal contents of the sludge developed under different loading rates. The experimental results indicate that, for developing good characteristics sludge, during primary start-up from flocculent inoculum sludge, organic loading rate and sludge loading rate should be in the range of 2.0-4.5 kg COD/m3 d and 0.1-0.25 kg COD/kg VSS d, respectively (chemical oxygen demand, COD). Proper sludge granulation and higher COD removal efficiency will be achieved by these loading rates.     

Treatment of raw domestic sewage in an UASB reactor

The treatment of raw domestic sewage at ambient temperatures in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with a volume of 120 l. and a height of 1.92 m was studied. The sewage had an average BOD₅ of 357 mg l⁻¹ and COD of 627 mg l⁻¹. Approximately 75% of the organic materials were in the suspended fraction. The sewage temperature ranged from 18 to 28°C during the experimental period. The reactor operated continuously for 9 months and assessed self-inoculation and raw domestic sewage purification. The unit was started without inoculum and ran during the entire experimental period with a hydraulic retention time of 4 h. During the experiment, a sludge bed build-up was observed. At the end of the experimental period, the predominance of spherical granular particles up to 6–8 mm in diameter was evident.

After a 4-month operation, it was observed that the inoculation/acclimatization steps had been concluded. Removal efficiencies of BOD₅ = 78%, COD = 74% and TSS = 72% were obtained. A typical gas production factor of 80 l kg⁻¹ COD added was observed and the CH₄ content of the biogas was 69%.     

Performance comparison of a pilot-scale UASB and DHS system and activated sludge process for the treatment of municipal wastewater

This study compares the performance of a pilot-scale combination of UASB and DHS system to that of activated sludge process (ASP) for the treatment of municipal sewage. Both systems were operated in parallel with the same sewage as influent. The study was conducted for more than 300 days, which revealed that organic removal efficiency of UASB+DHS system was comparable to that of ASP. Unfiltered BOD removal by both systems was more than 90%. However, UASB+DHS system outperformed ASP for pathogen removal. In addition, volume of excess sludge production from UASB+DHS was 15 times smaller than that from ASP. Moreover, unlike ASP, there is no requirement of aeration for the operation of UASB+DHS system, which makes it an economical treatment system. Considering the above observations, it was concluded that UASB+DHS system can be a cost-effective and viable option for the treatment of municipal sewage over ASP, especially for low-income countries.     

Performance of high-loaded ANAMMOX UASB reactors containing granular sludge

The performance of high-loaded anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (ANAMMOX) upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors was investigated. Two ANAMMOX reactors (R1 with and R2 without effluent recycling, respectively) were fed with relatively low nitrite concentration of 240 mg-N L⁻¹ with subsequent progressive increase in the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) by shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) till the end of the experiment. A super high-rate performance with nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 74.3-76.7 kg-N m⁻³ day⁻¹ was accomplished in the lab-scale ANAMMOX UASB reactors, which was 3 times of the highest reported value. The biomass concentrations in the reactors were as high as 42.0-57.7 g-VSS L⁻¹ with the specific ANAMMOX activity (SAA) approaching to 5.6 kg-N kg-VSS⁻¹ day⁻¹. The high SAA and high biomass concentration were regarded as the key factors for the super high-rate performance. ANAMMOX granules were observed in the reactors with settling velocities of 73-88 m h⁻¹. The ANAMMOX granules were found to contain a plenty of extracellular polymers (ECPs) such as 71.8-112.1 mg g-VSS⁻¹ of polysaccharides (PS) and 164.4-298.2 mg g-VSS⁻¹ of proteins (PN). High content of hemachrome (6.8-10.3 μmol g-VSS⁻¹) was detected in the ANAMMOX granules, which is supposed to be attributed to their unique carmine color.     

Anaerobic biodegradability and treatment of grey water in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor

Feasibility of grey water treatment in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operated at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 16, 10 and 6h and controlled temperature of 30 degrees C was investigated. Moreover, the maximum anaerobic biodegradability without inoculum addition and maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions in grey water were determined in batch experiments. High values of maximum anaerobic biodegradability (76%) and maximum COD removal in the UASB reactor (84%) were achieved. The results showed that the colloidal COD had the highest maximum anaerobic biodegradability (86%) and the suspended and dissolved COD had similar maximum anaerobic biodegradability of 70%. Furthermore, the results of the UASB reactor demonstrated that a total COD removal of 52-64% was obtained at HRT between 6 and 16 h. The UASB reactor removed 22-30% and 15-21% of total nitrogen and total phosphorous in the grey water, respectively, mainly due to the removal of particulate nutrients. The characteristics of the sludge in the UASB reactor confirmed that the reactor had a stable performance. The minimum sludge residence time and the maximum specific methanogenic activity of the sludge ranged between 27 and 93 days and 0.18 and 0.28 kg COD/(kg VS d).     

UASB处理低浓度城市污水的生产性研究

广东某城市污水处理厂采用UASB-好氧工艺处理低浓度城市污水，对UASB的实际处理效能进行了考察。结果表明，在试验的进水水质条件下，当UASB的水力停留时间为6h时，系统对COD和BOD5的平均去除率分别为50％和60％，对TP的去除率为15％～38％。当HRT由5．67h延长至10h时，出水VFA浓度会随之降低，而pH值则始终稳定在6．5～7．5，系统对COD和BOD5的去除率分别增加9％和19％，对溶解性COD和BOD5的去除率分别增加25％和24％。