基于实时样本采集的个性化手写汉字输入系统设计

手写汉字识别是手写汉字输入的基础。目前智能设备中的手写汉字输入法无法根据用户的汉字书写习惯,动态调整识别模型以提升手写汉字的正确识别率。通过对最新深度学习算法及训练模型的研究,提出了一种基于用户手写汉字样本实时采集的个性化手写汉字输入系统的设计方法。该方法将采集用户的手写汉字作为增量样本,通过对服务器端训练生成的手写汉字识别模型的再次训练,使识别模型能够更好地适应该用户的书写习惯,提升手写汉字输入系统的识别率。最后,在该理论方法的基础上,结合新设计的深度残差网络,进行了手写汉字识别的对比实验。实验结果显示,通过引入实时采集样本的再次训练,手写汉字识别模型的识别率有较大幅度的提升,能够更有效的满足用户在智能设备端对手写汉字输入系统的使用需求。     

卷积深度神经网络的手写汉字识别系统

针对传统两级手写汉字识别系统中手写汉字识别的特征提取方法的限制问题,提出了一种采用卷积神经网对相似汉字自动学习有效特征进行识别的系统方法。该方法采用来自手写云平台上的大数据来训练模型,基于频度统计生成相似子集,进一步提高识别率。实验表明,相对于传统的基于梯度特征的支持向量机和最近邻分类器方法,该方法的识别率有一定的提高。     

小波分解与PCA方法的掌纹特征提取方法*

提出了一种新的掌纹特征提取方法,其目的在于在不降低识别率的情况下,提高掌纹特征提取速度。首先将原始掌纹图像进行小波分解,获得低分辨率的掌纹图像;其次通过主成分分析（PCA）方法获得一个低维子空间,即“特征掌”;最后通过将训练、测试样本在该“特征掌”上投影来提取掌纹特征。实验结果表明,所提出方法与单一PCA方法比较,在同样识别率情况下,特征提取速度明显提高。     

基于PCA的深度信念网的手势识别研究

针对现有的手势识别均采用有监督模型进行特征提取和识别的现状,提出一种基于PCA的深度信念网(DBN)的半监督的手势特征提取与识别方法。运用所提方法进行了大量的实验,证明该方法与直接将图片输入到DBN网络相比,可以有效降低DBN的训练时间,并且识别率也有所提高;并且该方法与传统的有监督的SVM的手势识别方法相比,训练时间大幅度减少而识别率也有很大的提升。最后,对该方法进行了鲁棒性验证,经过大量实验,证明了其具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于图像质量和PCA子空间的车标识别方法

针对室外动态获取的车标图像质量差异大而导致的识别率不高的情况,提出了一种结合图像质量的主成分分析子空间的车标识别方法。该方法首先基于模糊理论计算车标图像的模糊度,进而根据模糊度将训练样本分成不同的子集并生成相应的PCA子空间族,最后根据待识别车标图像的模糊度选择相应的子空间族进行识别。实验数据表明基于模糊度PCA子空间进行的重构误差比基于传统PCA子空间进行的重构误差小,因此其模式描述能力强,从而获得较高的识别率。与其他算法的对比实验进一步表明该算法的有效性。     

基于ICA降维的车牌汉字识别研究

针对目前复杂环境下车牌汉字图像识别率较低,识别时间较长等问题,提出了一种基于伪Zernike矩和独立主成分分析(ICA)的改进概率神经网络(PNN)车牌汉字识别方法.该方法是将车牌汉字图像的伪Zernike矩通过独立主成分分析降维,再将降维后的特征输入所提出的一种基于代表点的改进概率神经网络中进行训练和识别,从而有效地实现车牌汉字的识别.将该方法应用于复杂环境下的车牌汉字图像识别实验,实验结果表明,该方法能有效地降低特征维数,减少识别时间,并能显著地提高车牌汉字的识别率.     

一种基于张量PCA的人耳识别的改进方法

张量主成分分析是一种新的主元分析方法,可以解决传统PCA方法对图像进行降维时出现的问题。小波变换具有良好的时频分析特性,同时还能起到降维的作用。综合利用这两个方法的优点,提出了一种基于张量PCA的人耳识别新方法。该方法对人耳图像采用小波变换做预处理得到4个子带图像,对其中“LL”低频子带图像用张量PCA进行特征提取,用支持向量机的方法进行识别。实验结果表明,利用此方法与传统主成分分析识别相比,提高了识别率,缩短了识别时间。在USTB人耳库上实验,该方法的识别率比传统PCA方法提高了6%,识别时间为传统PCA方法的35.23%。     

隐马尔可夫模型在脱机手写体汉字识别中的应用

介绍了一种新的脱机手写汉字识别方法－－隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）法，该方法对每个汉字建立8个HMM，通过等比重综合方法将8个分类器的计算结果进行综合，从而得到识别结果，实践证明该方法是可行的。     

基于WT/PCA的自适应神经网络人脸识别方法

提出一种基于小波变换和自适应人工神经网络的PCA人脸识别方法。该方法首先在预处理中对图像进行光照强度的补偿，然后用小波变换的方法提取人脸图像的低频子带，再用PCA方法提取特征分量，并用BP人工神经网络进行训练和识别。此算法将PCA优化的特征抽取与神经网络的自适应性相结合，取得了较高的识别率和优良的抗噪声性能。     

基于PCA的脱机手写汉字的统计模型及其应用

本文通过分析传统汉字的结构模型所具有的优缺点,提出了建立脱机手写汉字统计模型的理论框架;并利用PCA技术发现大量数据规律性的能力,提出了一种基于PCA技术的脱机手写汉字的统计模型.与传统的结构模型相比,该模型避免了目前还无法解决的准确抽取结构基元的困难,通过以容易抽取的可重构的统计特征作为统计基元,并通过对统计基元变化的整体描述或者说对统计基元相互之间关系的描述,较好地建立了脱机手写汉字的统计模型.根据该模型得到的一些实验结果充分说明了其描述脱机手写汉字的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.