基于显微形貌重建的XLPE电缆绝缘料纯净度测量技术

本文针对交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆绝缘料纯净度检测的问题,研制了基于形貌重建的高速扫描测量系统.该测量系统采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片控制高速A/D转换器采集CCD数据,根据动态阈值压缩CCD扫描图像数据并对数据进行封装处理,在保留杂质信息的前提下大幅地减少了待处理数据.封装数据通过USB2.0接口传输至上位机进行分析、记录和杂质图像重建.实验证明此系统测量实时准确,杂质形貌信息恢复完好.该系统适用于XLPE电缆绝缘料的缺陷检测和形貌测量.     

激光聚焦线扫描法测量KDP晶体坯片的体缺陷

为了快速准确测量磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体坯片的体缺陷,提出了高速激光聚焦线扫描散射成像方法,并建立了相应的测量系统。研究了该系统的测量原理和图像采集、图像处理和体缺陷信息提取方法。基于激光散射技术,结合高速运动装置对晶体坯片内部进行三维扫描,用线阵CCD探测器接收气泡、包裹物等体缺陷产生的散射光。然后利用折射率匹配液消除粗糙表面带来的不利影响。最后结合数字图像处理技术,对采集的图像进行实时处理。通过去除背景后与设定阈值比较得到具有体缺陷特征的图像,再对其进行二值化处理,提取得到体缺陷的位置和尺寸信息。利用该检测装置对KDP晶体坯片体缺陷进行了测量,结果显示其检测分辨率优于40μm,能够为晶体坯片的精确切割和最大程度的利用提供依据,从而节省了大量成本。     

活塞杆抛光表面微细缺陷的快速筛查技术

为了使汽车减振器活塞杆表面品质实现自动化快速检测,满足批量生产过程中的实时在线全检需求,提出一种基于计算统一设备架构(CUDA)的活塞杆抛光表面微细缺陷的快速筛查技术.该技术使用线扫描成像方法在活塞杆圆柱面高光反射情况下清晰获取4096×16384的高分辨率图像,然后采用改进的二维间隔冲击阵列(TDIIA)卷积滤噪算法实现快速滤波和筛查,较串行计算速度提升了52.4倍;通过串并混编,与并行规约求和算法结合,使缺陷筛查计算总体时间较串行方法耗时节省了67.4％.另外,该方法为面向精密检测的高分辨率图像的巨大数据量在线实时处理提供了一种参考方法.     

基于FPGA的高分辨超声快速扫描成像系统研制

针对超声C扫描成像系统步进式扫描方式速度慢的缺点,研制了一套基于FPGA技术的超声快速扫描成像系统,实现超声换能器在扫描平台连续运动过程中回波信号的快速采集与传输。系统将高精度点聚焦超声显微测试平台和FPGA硬件化信号采集和处理技术相结合,采用FPGA技术进行数位信号的高速采集和处理,利用幅值法和时间法进行回波信号特征值提取,实现了超声快速扫描成像。利用该系统分别对特制试件幅值法和时间法的成像分辨率进行分析;并对硬币和电子封装芯片进行扫描成像测试。结果表明,系统扫描速度快,检测结果直观,成像分辨率高,横纵向分辨力可达50μm,不仅可实现快速清晰成像,而且可进行微小结构的检测,为材料内部缺陷快速检测成像奠定了基础。     

基于PCI总线的电子内窥镜数字图像的实时采集和显示

介绍了一种基于PCI总线的电子内窥镜图像实时采集和显示系统的实现，主要讨论了该系统的实现原理、硬件结构、软件设计和采用FPGA实现传输控制的设计。系统采用AMCC S5933作为PCI总线控制器，FPGA进行传输控制，图像采集频率可达33MHz，有效地解决了图像数据的实时传输和存储，为内窥镜图像信号的实时处理提供了方便。     

基于DSP的轴承外观表面缺陷检测系统

针对滚动轴承外观表面缺陷依靠人工检测,提出了一种利用数字图像处理技术实现对滚动轴承外观表面缺陷的在线检测.以TMS320DM643为核心器件建立了实时数字图像处理的硬件系统,通过CCD摄像机获取轴承外观表面的视频图像,利用图像分割等算法对视频图像进行处理,提取轴承外观表面缺陷,实验结果表明,该系统可有效地检测出表面外观有缺陷的滚动轴承.     

基于机器视觉的浮空器囊体材料表面缺陷检测系统

在复杂气象环境下,浮空器囊体作为整机系统的直接受压面,其表面必须平整光滑,无褶皱损伤,以将其与空气的摩擦力降至最小。文中基于机器视觉对浮空器囊体材料表面缺陷检测进行系统设计。首先为了降低背景灰度变化对缺陷检测的影响,研究了一种同时具有噪声滤除与图像增强功能的预处理算法;其次利用图像二值化和中值滤波技术实现特征图像的预处理,并结合纹理特征提取技术（基于灰度共生矩阵）对囊体材料表面不同缺陷图像的特征参数进行仿真提取,通过分析不同特征参数,判断囊体材料的表面缺陷类型。该系统对采集到的200个囊体材料表面缺陷样本的分析表明,所用方法能识别浮空器囊体材料93.6%的表面缺陷,识别内容包括缺陷的类型、位置、大小等,并根据缺陷的类型加盖不同的标记。该系统具有较高的识别率和准确率,可对浮空器囊体材料表面缺陷进行快速检测。     

基于机器视觉的FPC缺陷检测系统

针对当前FPC(柔性电路板)缺陷检测中人工目检效率低的问题,基于机器视觉技术设计了一套实时检测系统。首先搭建了硬件系统,然后对FPC的4种表面缺陷特征进行了研究,基于Halcon设计了相应的缺陷检测算法,提出了通过模板匹配提取ROI的方法,以及运用图像自乘与高斯线检测来提取折痕,最后基于MFC开发了缺陷实时检测系统。实验结果显示,设计的系统检测准确率可达90%以上,且每片FPC检测时间只需0.2 s。     

基于电磁超声导波的铝合金板材缺陷自动检测装置

针对目前国内外普遍采用的压电超声技术在铝合金板材检测中的不足,研制了基于电磁超声导波的铝合金板材自动检测装置.设计了激发和接收导波的电磁超声换能器(EMAT),由FPGA完成电磁超声发射接收电路控制和数据采集.利用LabWindows CVI软件编写上位机程序,通过USB总线实现FPGA与上位机的数据交换,并在上位机完成数据分析和处理.研制了机械装置控制探头在铝合金板材表面折线形运动,实现整个铝合金板材缺陷的检测,并为板材在线检测装置的研制打下基础.基于电磁超声导波的铝合金板材缺陷自动检测装置,可对厚度为10 mm以下的整个铝合金板材进行快速检测,并能在上位机实现缺陷的自动判别.     

FPGA图像处理在带钢表面缺陷视觉检测中的应用

为有效解决冷轧带钢表面缺陷在线视觉检测系统中图像处理的瓶颈问题,本文提出了一种新型冷轧带钢表面缺陷检测与识别算法流程。首先介绍了阀值中值滤波算法及迭代阀值分割算法;接着对这两种算法的计算流程进行了分析;最后采用Xilinx公司的System Generator模块在Simulink中完成缺陷图像的中值滤波变换及迭代阀值分割任务。实验结果表明:Slice Flip Flops使用率28%,4 Input LUTs使用率10%,Occupied Slices使用率34%,FPGA图像处理技术可以解决图像信息实时处理这一关键问题。FPGA图像处理技术基本满足在线检测的稳定可靠、精度高、抗干扰能力强等要求,且能较好的满足实际生产线上的处理速度要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.