Surface passivation of nanocrystalline silicon powder derived from cryomilling

The surface passivation mechanism of nanocrystalline silicon powder was studied. The liquid nitrogen/argon was used as the medium to prepare the nanocrystalline silicon powder, using a cryomilling technology. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, plasma emission spectroscopy and infrared spectrum were used to analyze the prepared samples, and density functional theory was used to investigate the cryomilling process. For nanocrystalline silicon powder cryomilled with liquid N2, the amorphous outer layer with N element is formed On the surface, and chemisorption caused by the formation of Si-N-Si bond leads to the surface passivation; although physisorpfion also he confirmed, the Si-N bond is steady after exploded in air for 30 days and no new bond is observed. For nanocrystalline silicon powder cryomilled with liquid At, no new chemical bond is Observed, Ar element absorbs on the surface of the prepared powder only through physisorption, and after exploded in air for 30 days, a Si-O bond can be observed obviously.     

Cavitation erosion behavior of WC coatings on CrNiMo stainless steel by laser alloying

The WC powder was precoated on the surface of CrNiMo stainless steel and then made into an alloying layer by using the laser alloying technique.Phases in the layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and surface morphologies after cavitation erosion were observed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The cavitation erosion behavior of the CrNiMo stainless steel and WC laser alloying layer in distilled water was tested with the help of ultrasonic vibration cavitation ero-sion equipment.The results showed that the thickness of the laser alloying layer was about 0.13 mm.The layer had a dense micro-structure, metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and no crack had been found.The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of the laser al-loying layer was only 2/5 that of the CrNiMo stainless steel.The layer had better cavitation resistance properties because of its met-allurgical combination and the strengthening effects of the precipitate phases.     

表面机械研磨/异步轧制无取向硅钢薄带的渗硅行为

对w（Si）=3%无取向硅钢进行表面机械研磨处理（SMAT）和异步轧制（CSR）,获得表面纳米结构,再进行550～650℃、4 h固体粉末渗硅处理,用透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究表层组织演变。结果表明：经过SMAT后,w（Si）=3%无取向硅钢表面形成了等轴状、取向呈随机分布的、晶粒尺寸为10 nm的纳米晶组织;异步轧制后,表面纳米晶组织保持不变;550～650℃、4 h渗硅处理后,SMAT＋CSR样品表面形成化合物层,其厚度随着温度的升高由17μm增加到52μm;化合物层由Fe3Si和FeSi相组成.     

激光熔覆Fe基非晶／纳米晶复合涂层的组织与性能

对以激光熔覆方式在45钢基体上制备的FeNiSiBVRE非晶涂层进行激光晶化,制备非晶／纳米晶复合涂层.利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜和磨损试验机研究非晶／纳米晶复合涂层的组织与性能.研究结果表明,涂层存在着分层结构,组成相有晶化相、非晶相和纳米晶相;涂层底部和顶部的显微组织由大量的稀土树枝晶、板条状硼化物和粒状碳化物组成,涂层中部的显微组织是由大量的纳米晶相镶嵌在非晶基体上构成.与没有进行激光晶化的非晶涂层相比,涂层的耐磨损性能下降.其磨损机制以粘着磨损和剥层磨损为主.     

非金属夹杂物影响下SCM-420钢的失效行为

为了研究非金属夹杂物对钢内部显微组织形态的影响,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计和扫描电镜EDS能谱仪对SCM-420机械结构用钢内部的夹杂物形貌、基体微观组织、失效断口进行了观察分析.研究结果表明：夹杂物主要为点状的氧化物-硅酸盐混合型、块状的氧化物型和条状的硅酸盐型;夹杂物的周围存在脱碳层,其显微组织为单相的铁素体;夹杂物与基体生成了类共晶组织;微裂纹以夹杂物和脱碳层为通道,导致SCM-420机械结构用钢的脆性断裂.     

不锈钢(3Cr13)镀类金刚石薄膜的研究

利用脉冲真空电弧离子镀技术在3Cr13不锈钢基底上制备类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,采用X射线光电子能谱技术分析DLC薄膜中sp3键及sp2键含量和组分.采用显微硬度计测试了薄膜的显微硬度,利用扫描电镜测试了膜的表面形貌.划痕仪测试了薄膜与不锈钢基底的结合强度.结果表明:所镀制的类金刚石薄膜品质优良,类金刚石中sp3键含量较高,sp3/sp2=1.63,具有良好的表面形貌,在不锈钢上沉积DLC膜后明显提高了不锈钢的硬度,Ti过渡层的引入明显的改善了膜与不锈钢之间的结合强度.     

High Temperature Wear Characteristics of a New Hot Work Die Steel CH95

High temperature wear characteristics of a new hot work die steel CH95 doped with a small amount of rare earth （ Re ） and boron （ B ） have been investigated and compared with those of conventional die steel H11 at a series of temperatures and loads. Worn surfaces of CH95 steel and H11 steel were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. It is found that high temperature mechanical properties of CH95 steel are much better than those of H11 steel. The oxide layer formed on the worn surface plays an important role in wear resistance at high temperature. When the load is less than 63 N, the surface oxide layer keeps integrated and the effect of load on high temperature wear is small. When the load is higher than 63 N, the supporting ability of matrix to the oxide layer decreases with the increase of load, which results in an increase of wear rate. Compared with H11 steel, the wear resistance of CH95 steel is much better and the worn surface of CH95 steel is smoother. It is easier for CH95 steel to form a compact and integrated surface oxide layer at high temperature than for Hll steel, which protects the worn surface and reduces wear.     

Corrosion Behavior of Low Alloy Pipeline Steel in Saline Solution Saturated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The carbon dioxide corrosion behavior of low alloy pipeline steel was investigated by immersion experiment. Optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to reflect the microstructure of the tested material and the corrosion morphology characterization. Results show that precipitate particles may accelerate the iron cabonate crystal formation process of the nucleation growth and promote the formation of compact layer. The major corrosion phases are Fe CO_3 and complexity compound containing Fe and Cr. The corrosion behavior consists of three stages. At the first stage, a thin inner layer and an inhomogeneous outer layer have appeared. At the second stage, the outer layer becomes homogeneous and compact, which prevents corroding the steel substrate further. At the third stage, iron carbonate crystal tends to nucleate and grow locally. The corrosion rate obtained by weight loss method increases abruptly first and then decreases quickly with increasing corrosion time. The mutual relation among microstructure, corrosion surface morphology, corrosion phases and corrosion kinetics is discussed.     

硫酸盐还原菌对CaCO3垢层下20号钢腐蚀的影响

采用室内模拟实验的方法,研究了硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）和CaCO₃垢层共存对20号钢腐蚀行为的影响。通过腐蚀失重法研究平均腐蚀速率,通过电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和开路电位（OCP）研究注入水溶液中20号钢腐蚀电化学行为,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、EDS和Raman光谱分析20号钢表面腐蚀产物的形貌和成分,采用激光共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）分析20号钢的点蚀坑深度。结果表明,SRB与CaCO₃垢层存在协同作用,CaCO₃垢层的孔隙率和垢层下的厌氧环境为SRB的黏附和生长提供了便利的条件,接种SRB对CaCO₃垢层下20号钢的均匀腐蚀和局部腐蚀均有促进作用。     

Surface nanostructure formation mechanism of 45 steel induced by supersonic fine particles pombarding

By means of supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB),a nanostructured surface layer up to 15 μm was fabricated on a 45 steel plate with ferrite and pearlite phases. To reveal the grain refinement mechanism of SFPB-treated 45 steel,microstructure features of various sections in the treated surface were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Grain size increases with an increase of depth from the treated surface...     

Effects of CeO2 coating on oxidation behavior of T91 steel in water vapor

Oxidation behaviors of blank and CeO2 coated T91 steel were investigated at 600 °C in water vapor for up to 150 h.Gold marker was used to define the mass transport direction.The oxide scales were studied with X-ray diffractometry (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).The oxidation resistance of the steel is improved by CeO2 coating,though the improvement is not remarkable.Ce-rich oxide band is located at the interface of the inner equiaxed layer and the outer colum...     

表面滚压强化A473M钢的组织及性能

为了提高A473M马氏体不锈钢表面的耐磨性能,采用滚压加工强化不锈钢表面,对其组织及性能进行研究,并确定了最佳工艺参数.采用扫描电子显微镜、白光干涉仪、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损实验机对不锈钢的硬化层组织、表面粗糙度、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行表征.结果表明,当滚压进给量由0.05 mm/r增加至0.15 mm/r时,不锈钢表面粗糙度变化趋势呈“∨”形,表面显微硬度和磨损性能的变化趋势呈“∧”形.当进给量为0.1 mm/r且表面粗糙度为62.7 nm时,不锈钢硬化层组织明显细化,滚压层表面显微硬度达到550 HV且为基材的2.2倍,硬化层深度达到200 μm,相对耐磨性为3.7.     

Preparation and characterization of plasma Cu surface modified stainless steel

Cu modified layer was prepared on the surface of AISI304 stainless steel by plasma surface alloying technique.The effects of processing parameters on the thickness,surface topography,microstructure and chemical composition of Cu modified layer were characterized using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy(GDOES),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results show that the surface modified layer is a duplex layer(deposited + diffused layer)with thickness of about 26 μm under the optimum process parameters.The modified layer is mainly composed of a mixture of Cu and expanded austenite phase.The ball-on-disk results show that the modified layer possesses low friction coefficients(0.25)and excellent wear resistance(wear volume 0.005×109 μm3).The Cu modified layer is very effective in killing the bacteria S.aureus.Meanwhile,no viable S.aureus is found after 3 h(100% killed)by contact with the Cu alloyed surface.     

Preparation and characterization of copper-nickel bulk nanocrystals

Copper-nickel nanoparticle was directly prepared by flow-levitation method(FL) and sintered by vacuum sintering of powder(VSP) method. Several characterizations, such as transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential thermal analysis(DTA), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) were used to investigate the prepared nanostructures. The results of the study show that FL method could prepare high purity Cu-Ni nanocrystals of uniform spheres with size distribution between 20 and 90 nm. After sintering the bulk nanocrystalline copper-nickel has obvious thermal stability and the surface Webster hardness increases with the rising sintering temperature. At the temperature of 900 ℃, the specimen shows higher surface Webster hardness, which is about two times of traditional materials. When the sintering temperature arrives at 1 000 ℃ the relative density of bulk nanocrystals can reach 97.86 percent. In this paper, the variation tendency of porosity, phase and particles size of bulk along with the changing of sintering temperature have been studied.     

Surface Metallurgy of Nickle Base Superalloy

The Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technique, the Xu-Tee Process, is a new method to produce high quality alloying layer on the surface of less expensive materials. By using thes technique, the surface alloying layer similar to superalloy Inconel 625 has been obtained on the surface of three kinds of melallic materials (low carbon steel, industrial pure iron, stainless steel Cr18Ni9). The results of the composition and microstructure analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Uffrachon (XRD) show that the alloying layer consistS of y matrix and several precipitates (Laves intermetallic phase and carbide etc.). The electrochemical corrosion results show that the surface alloying layer formed on the surface of stainless steel and industrial pure iron have better corrosion resistance than that of nickel base alloy inconel 625 and stainless steel Cr18Ni9 in 3.5%NaCl solution. The exper iments indicate that it is an effective way to obtain the gradient surface alloying layer on the surfaces of steels by using Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technique.     

利用强流脉冲电子束对45~#钢进行表面改性

利用强流脉冲电子束对45#钢进行了表面改性处理,并对其显微组织和改性机制进行了分析和讨论。结果表明:材料近表层的显微组织沿电子束注入方向大致可分为4层:熔化层(3～10μm)、热影响层(10～50μm)、应力影响层(50～250μm)、基体组织(大于250μm);显微硬度随轰击次数的增加而增加,最大值出现在50μm左右;多次轰击可以提高耐磨性。     

EA4T钢表面激光熔覆Fe-Cr-Ni涂层的组织与性能

通过激光熔覆技术对损伤车轴EA4T钢表面进行修复,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X线衍射方法分析修复层的显微组织结构,利用万能拉伸试验机和应力测试仪测试修复层和基体的结合性能及残余应力。研究结果表明:修复层显微组织主要由γ-Fe固溶体、BNi₃、M₇C₃和Fe₃C组成,热影响区为上贝氏体和呈网状分布的铁素体组织,修复层和基体的结合区主要由平面晶、柱状晶和树枝晶组成,修复层顶部区域其组织主要以交叉树枝晶为主;激光熔覆后的EA4T钢的抗拉强度升高,但屈服强度和常温U型缺口冲击性能降低;整个修复层中残余应力较大,呈拉应力状态分布,而基体区域呈压应力状态分布。     

碳氮共渗钢干摩擦状态下磨损行为的研究

对20#钢试样进行C-N共渗热处理,经C-N共渗的试样进行干摩擦磨损试验,实验的载荷为2N到6N,滑动速度从8m/s到45m/s.摩擦磨损试验表明在滑动速度为35m/s左右时,发生了从轻微磨损向严重磨损的转变,结合SEM、AES和XPS分析,磨损率的变化与磨损表面的氧化物形成与剥落、氧化物的类型转变(Fe2O3转变成FeO)有密切关系.     

聚乙二醇修饰纳米二氧化锡的制备及气敏特性

以五水四氯化锡为原材料,聚乙二醇为表面包覆剂,用沉淀法制备出二氧化锡纳米粉体.将制得的二氧化锡纳米粉体经过研磨、涂覆、烧结、焊接、老化等步骤即制得旁热式烧结型二氧化锡气敏元件.取少量二氧化锡纳米粉体采用X射线衍射、比表面测试、扫描电镜和透射电镜等测试手段对材料的结构、比表面积和形貌进行了表征;采用静态配气法测试了气敏元件对乙醇、甲醛、丙酮、甲醇等气体的气敏性能.结果表明:制备的二气化锡粉体粒径非常小且均一性比较好,颗粒大小约为5～8nm;比表面积极大,最高达到每克73.29平方米,具有多孔结构,最可几孔径为4.7～6.1nm,多孔结构可形成气体通道有利于气体分子扩散,从而提高气敏性能.通过添加聚乙二醇作为表面包覆剂对二氧化锡进行修饰,提高了二氧化锡材料的气敏性能,研究表明各元件对乙醇、甲醛、丙酮、甲醇等气体都具有很高的灵敏度,具有较大的应用前景.     

奥氏体不锈钢表面等离子渗锆合金层的抗酸腐蚀性研究

为提高0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在特殊应用环境的耐酸腐蚀性能,采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在不锈钢基体表面渗锆,对渗锆合金层的相结构进行检测分析,将奥氏体不锈钢基体试样和表面渗锆试样分别在0.5 mol/LH2SO4溶液、0.5mol/L HNO3溶液、0.5 mol/L HCl溶液进行电化学腐蚀对比试验。结果表明:在H2SO4溶液、HNO3溶液、HCl溶液中,不锈钢基材的相对腐蚀速度分别是渗锆合金层的2.18倍、9.73倍、24.43倍;不锈钢基体表面腐蚀较为严重,而渗锆合金层表面仅出现轻微的局部腐蚀坑。奥氏体不锈钢表面渗锆后,渗锆合金层中合金元素呈梯度分布,且腐蚀时在表面形成了一层致密的氧化锆钝化膜,因而其抗酸腐蚀性能相对基体大幅提升,在HCl溶液比在H2SO4溶液和HNO3溶液中耐蚀效果更明显。