甲醇制汽油路线及其应用

一、甲醇制汽油(MTG)路线的应用现状费托合成工艺是间接煤制油一般所选用的方案,当前,另一方案:煤制甲醇再制汽油(MTG)方案正在成为合成气转化为运输燃料的途径之一,并受到关注。煤制油(CTL)项目最近的升温使甲醇制汽油(MTG)技术在市场上重新受到青睐。甲醇制汽油(MTG)技术可使粗甲醇直接转化为低硫、低苯含量、辛烷值为87的汽油,它可直接销售或与常规的炼油厂汽油相调合。由该工艺过程生     

合成气经甲醇/二甲醚制汽油

在两个串联的固定床反应器内等压条件下研究了不同中间物对合成气经二甲醚/甲醇制汽油的影响。结果表明:与合成气经甲醇制汽油相比,合成气经二甲醚制汽油产物中LPG和干气(dry gas)含量高,油收率高,同时油相中芳烃含量低。     

甲醇制汽油技术的国内外进展分析

正1甲醇制汽油(MTG)技术的应用现状费托合成工艺是间接煤制油一般所选用的方案,当前,另一方案:煤制甲醇再制汽油(MTG)方案正在成为合成气转化为运输燃料的途径之一,并受到关注[1]。煤制油(CTL)项目最近的升温使甲醇制汽油(MTG)技术在市场上重新受到青睐。MTG技术在新西兰于上世纪80年获得商业应用以来又有了一些发展。埃克森美孚公司在90年代所作的改进包括减少了投资和操作费用。采用MTG技术的第一套煤制汽油工艺设计和建设已在中国山西晋城无烟煤矿公司进行之中。该装置初期阶段设计能力为10万     

浅述我国甲醇汽油的应用发展

甲醇燃料是目前公认的一种燃油代用燃料。在比较甲醇和汽油的物化特性的基础上,分析了甲醇作为汽油代用燃料的优点和发展趋势,分析了甲醇汽油的安全性。介绍了我国甲醇汽油的研究应用和在高海拔条件的独特优势,及车用燃料甲醇在我国的发展前景。     

甲醇汽油的技术进展及应用前景

介绍了甲醇汽油的界定，燃料特性，制法及其应用前景。讨论了甲醇汽油在使用中的安全问题。     

MTO过程的研究及其应用

1 合成气转化利用介绍 将天然气或煤制成合成气，再制出甲醇、二甲醚、乙醇、乙醛、乙酸乙酯、低碳烯烃等化工产品和汽油、柴油、润滑油。合成气制低碳烯烃有两种途径，一是直接转化为低碳烯烃；二是先制出甲醇，再通过MTO过程制得低碳烯烃。     

甲醇汽油的技术进展及应用前景

介绍了甲醇汽油的界定，燃料特性，制法及其应用前景。讨论了甲醇汽油在使用中的安全问题。     

新西兰天燃气制汽油的经验

0 前言新西兰合成燃料公司(NZSFC)经营一座14700桶/天的天然气制汽油工厂,该厂位于新西兰北岛西海岸塔腊纳基(Taranaki)区的Motunui.天然气来自Maui海上气田和Kapuni陆地气田,工厂将这两地的混合天然气原料首先转化为甲醇,然后通过Mobil甲醇制汽油(MTG)工艺再转化成合成汽油。工厂生产无铅优质汽油掺合料,它可在运输燃料市场上直接销售。工厂的年生产量大约相当于新西兰汽油需要量的1/3.如果加上Maui     

甲醇制汽油反应机理探讨

介绍了发展甲醇制汽油技术的必要性及应用前景。分析了目前煤制汽油的3种方法,即,煤直接液化制备汽油、煤间接液化合成汽油、煤经过中间产品(甲醇)制备汽油,并对3种方法的优劣进行了简单的比较。主要从甲醇制汽油反应历程、甲醇脱水形成二甲醚机理、催化剂上C1物种相互结合形成C—C键的机理3方面对甲醇制汽油的机理进行了探讨。     

甲醇汽油研究现状

甲醇汽油相比其他替代燃料更符合我国资源状况,具有长远的发展前景。简单介绍了甲醇汽油目前的研究现状,针对甲醇汽油在推广使用过程中出现的问题、产生的原因及相应的改进措施进行了阐述,重点针对甲醇汽油的清净性展开讨论。     

环戊二烯及双环戊二烯对裂解汽油全馏分加氢装置运行的影响

介绍了裂解汽油全馏分加氢过程中发生的环戊二烯热二聚及双环戊二烯热分解反应。该转化反应导致了二段加氢反应器双烯值高于一段出料的双烯值,并缩短了二段加氢反应催化剂的运行周期,提出了降低影响的措施。     

提升管催化裂化反应过程数值模拟

在气固两相流体动力学模型的基础上.采用基于机理反应的FCC14集总模型.考虑了反应温度、局部固体浓度变化以及流动对反应的影响,建立了重油流化催化裂化流动一一反应耦合模型.模拟结果表明,重油裂化反应主要发生在喷嘴附近区域,在喷嘴附近已经有45%的重油转化为汽油和柴油.随着距离喷嘴位置的增加,汽油产率逐渐上升,但距离喷嘴位置12m以后,汽油产率基本保持不变.从汽油组成变化来看,在整个提升管内汽油中烯烃含量一直处于下降趋势,由喷嘴区域的60wt%降低到提升管出口位置的42wt%左右.汽油烷烃含量一直呈增加趋势,而汽油中环烷烃含量和芳烃含量变化较小.     

汽油催化改质反应过程数值模拟

在汽油催化反应动力学模型和气固两相流动模型的基础上,建立了汽油改质反应过程流动-反应耦合模型。针对不同的转化反应器构型（提升管、提升管-床层反应器）,对汽油改质过程进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,对提升管反应器而言,汽油经过低温改质反应后,烯烃含量可以从35.1%降低到18%左右,烯烃降低幅度可达48%,汽油中烯烃主要转化为异构烷烃。另外,随着反应温度的升高,汽油转化反应中的裂化反应增强,导致汽油收率下降。对于提升管-床层反应器而言,汽油中的烯烃含量可以降得更低,在床层空速4时,烯烃含量可以降低到5%左右,汽油收率为80%左右。     

Efficient production of propylene and gasoline from methanol in multi-regime riser

High gas-solid contact efficiency and low solid back-mixing are necessary to both promote methanol conversion and inhibit side reactions. Thus, a novel multi-regime reactor with dense-phase reaction section and dilute-phase conveying region was designed. The reactor promoted stable reaction activity during a 300 h pilot-scale evaluation with high yields of propylene and gasoline. A process for maximum propylene and gasoline production from methanol (PGFM) characterized by moderate operating severity, application of ZSM-11 catalyst and novel reactor, and stratified reprocessing or etherification of light gasoline and C₄ olefins was proposed. The PGFM process can be implemented in the existing FCC process and is considered to be more economic and flexible.     

焦化汽油加氢装置增设预饱和反应器的工业应用

经过实验室研究,筛选出合适的催化剂,选择了合适的反应温度和空速等操作条件,可有效脱除焦化汽油中的二烯烃.在焦化汽油加氢装置主反应器前增设预饱和反应器,预饱和原料中二烯烃,减少了反应器顶生焦.并通过预饱和反应器在线处理,延长了焦化汽油装置的运行周期.     

Modeling of an industrial fixed bed reactor based on lumped kinetic models for hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline

In this work, a mathematical model of an industrial fixed bed reactor for the catalytic hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline produced from olefin production plant is developed based on a lumped kinetic model. A pseudo-homogeneous system for liquid and solid phases and three pseudo-components: diolefins, olefins, and parraffins, are taken into account in the development of the reactor model. Temperature profile and product distribution from real plant data on a gasoline hydrogenation reactor are used to estimate reaction kinetic parameters. The developed model is validated by comparing the results of simulation with those collected from the plant data. From simulation results, it is found that the prediction of significant state variables agrees well with the actual plant data for a wide range of operating conditions; the developed model adequately represents the fixed-bed reactor.     

加氢反应器床层压降升高的原因及处理

首先叙述了汽柴油加氢装置反应器床层压降升高的经过,通过具体分析认为原料中所含的焦粉过和二烯烃是导致床层压降上升的主要原因,其次介绍了相关应对措施及实施效果,最后总结出类似事故的处理建议。     

利用催化裂化降低汽油烯烃含量的技术进展

概述了国内开发的几种利用催化裂化技术降低汽油烯烃含量的新工艺,包括辅助反应器改质降烯烃技术、灵活多效催化裂化工艺（FDFCC）、两反应区（MIP）工艺、两段提升管工艺（TSRFCC）及多产柴油液化气并降烯烃（MGD）技术等。介绍了各种工艺的特点以及工业应用情况。     

Modeling of monolithic and trickle-bed reactors for the hydrogenation of styrene

A kinetic study into the styrene hydrogenation over a palladium on alumina catalyst has been made. Styrene was used as a model component for pyrolysis gasoline. A kinetic rate expression has been derived and the inhibiting effect of sulfur components has been included. Using this kinetics and mass-transfer models compiled from literature, the performance of two types of reactors for the styrene (pyrolysis gasoline) hydrogenation has been evaluated. A structured reactor such as a monolith has large advantages over a conventional trickle-bed reactor. For the monolithic reactor a more than 3 times higher volumetric productivity is obtained with much less catalyst. The modeling results indicate that deactivation by gum formation should be significantly less due to much better hydrogen mass transfer in the reactor.     

A comparative study of combination of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reactors with hydrogen-permselective membrane in GTL technology

This work proposes a one dimensional heterogeneous model to analyze the performance of combination of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reactors in which a fixed-bed reactor is combined with a membrane assisted fluidized-bed reactor. This model is used to compare the performance of the proposed system with a fixed-bed singlestage reactor. In the new concept, the synthesis gas is converted to FT products in two catalytic reactors. The first reactor is water-cooled fixed-bed type while the second reactor is gas-cooled and fluidized-bed. Due to the decrease of H₂/CO to values far from optimum reactants ratio, the membrane concept is suggested to control hydrogen addition. Moreover, a fluidized-bed system has been proposed to solve some observed drawbacks of industrial fixed-bed reactors such as high pressure drop, heat transfer problem and internal mass transfer limitations. This novel concept which has been named fluidized-bed membrane dual-type reactor is used for production of gasoline from synthesis gas. The reactor model is tested against the pilot plant data of the Research Institute of Petroleum Industry. Results show an enhancement in the gasoline yield, a main decrease in CO₂ formation and a favorable temperature profile along the proposed concept.