在高炉喷吹不同比例废塑料颗粒与煤粉混合物燃烧性能的研究

运用系统分析的方法,对不同比例混合以及不同粒径大小的废塑料和煤粉混合物在高炉喷吹条件下的燃烧性能进行了对比研究。探明了混合物在炉腔内燃烧时的脱挥发分析出情况以及燃烧率的影响因素。分析结果表明,混合物中废塑料的添加比例和粒径的大小均是影响混合物燃烧性能的主要因素,从喷吹单一煤粉到喷吹废塑料与煤粉的比例达到5:5时,混合物的燃烧率从3.5%提高到35.5%。混合物的粒径大小从135~150μm变为30~50μm时,燃烧速率快了将近15%。     

高炉喷吹煤和废塑料混合燃料燃烧过程的数值模拟

采用数学模型预测高炉喷吹煤与废塑料混合燃料在直吹管的燃烧过程,数学模型包括气相流动、混合燃料的燃烧、辐射传热等子模型.模拟结果表明,燃料总的燃烧效率能达到90%以上,高炉喷吹煤与废塑料混合燃料在高炉的燃烧行为介于高炉单独喷吹煤粉和废塑料两者之间,高炉喷吹煤与废塑料混合燃料在理论上是切实可行的.     

混合喷吹煤粉和废塑料对高炉炉腹煤气的影响

为了研究混合喷吹时煤粉和废塑料对高炉炉腹煤气的影响,通过计算,得到喷吹不同比例混合的煤粉与废塑料时高炉炉腹煤气量及煤气成分。结果表明:随着混合燃料中废塑料比例增加,炉腹煤气量增加,煤气成分也相应改变;当PE(煤粉与聚乙烯)∶PP(聚丙烯)按5∶5混合时,炉腹煤气中φ(CO+H2)所占比例为47.96%,而单一喷吹煤粉时φ(CO+H2)所占比例为44.44%。     

煤和塑料混熔喷吹技术研究

概述了国外高炉喷吹废塑料技术现状和国内研究进展,提出了煤与废塑料混熔高炉喷吹新工艺.对不同比例的废塑料与煤粉混合,在200 ℃的混熔温度下制成样品进行燃烧特性试验.结果表明:混熔样品具有良好的燃烧性能,开始燃烧温度和激烈燃烧温度都比煤粉低,塑料的存在对煤有提前燃烧作用,废塑料混熔比例在25%时燃烧时间较煤粉短,燃烧速度快;废塑料与煤混熔对高炉喷吹技术,理论上是可行的.     

高炉喷吹煤和废塑料混合燃料的可行性研究

分析了高炉喷吹混合燃料的可磨性、黏结指数和胶质层厚度等对高炉冶炼的影响,并对高炉喷吹煤粉、喷吹煤粉与废塑料混合燃料进行了燃烧模拟。结果表明,高炉喷吹煤与废塑料混合燃料在理论上是可行的。     

回转窑内废塑料/煤粉混喷模拟实验研究

采用卧式燃烧系统模拟回转窑喷吹混合燃料的燃烧过程,研究了回转窑中塑料和煤粉混合飞行燃烧过程的行为和机理。热重分析表明:煤粉与三种塑料(PE、EVA、ABS)的燃烧和着火特性指数相差一个数量级,其中PE的燃烧特性指数和着火特性指数最高,煤粉最低。煤粉中添加塑料,在卧式燃烧炉内进行混合喷吹燃烧试验,并对炉内温度场、燃烧尾气成分进行分析,结果表明:当煤粉中添加10%~20%塑料时,炉内最高温度区域移向燃料进口,塑料能够促进煤粉燃烧,提高其燃烧率;当添加的塑料超过20%时,最高温度区域向尾气出口处迁移,炉内温度明显降低,废塑料对煤粉燃烧产生抑制作用,降低了煤粉的燃烧率;随着煤粉中塑料添加比例从10%增加到30%,混合燃料燃烧产生的尾气中CO浓度不断增加,CO2、NOx和SO2的浓度则不断下降。     

直吹管内煤粉燃烧的数值模拟

高炉喷煤粉时,由于煤粉的不完全燃烧,在风口处会产生未燃煤粉,影响高炉的透气性.利用商业软件fluent研究了煤粉在直吹管内的燃烧情况,通过对不同的喷吹量和粒径对煤粉燃烧进行分析,得到煤粉在直吹管内燃烧大致情况.当颗粒的直径从30 μm增加到90 μm时,煤的燃尽率从 37.3 %降低到28.8 %,模拟结果与实际基本符...     

高炉喷吹废塑料工艺技术探讨

介绍了国内外高炉喷吹废塑料工艺的研究进展,着重从化学成分、高炉内的反应情况、废塑料的分类回收以及塑料制粒角度说明了废塑料作为高炉喷吹燃料的可行性,并给出适合高炉喷吹废塑料的工艺流程,强调了废塑料与煤粉在风口前管路上混合能促进塑料和煤粉在回旋区更好地燃烧。     

废塑料入炉喷吹的数值模拟研究

基于高炉喷吹混合燃料的方法,探究废塑料作为燃料在高炉内的作用。以某2536m3高炉为研究对象,将喷入的煤粉及塑料作为粉相,分析混合燃料的水分、灰分、挥发分和固定碳等化学指标,采用高炉高温区热平衡分析法,计算高炉单一喷吹和混合喷吹条件下的焦比,对高炉内喷吹过程进行模拟研究。计算机模拟结果表明,将煤粉与废塑料混合喷吹降低了高炉焦比,提高了煤的利用率。     

煤粉在直吹管内燃烧行为的数值模拟

 建立了直吹管内气固流动、传热和煤粉燃烧的数学模型,基于实际高炉工艺参数,借助商业软件通过数值模拟的方法研究了直吹管内的气体成分和温度变化,并重点考察了煤粉粒径、鼓风含氧量和鼓风温度等操作参数对煤粉燃尽率的影响。研究结果表明：减小粒径、增加含氧量、提高鼓风温度都可以使煤粉在直吹管内的燃尽率得到提高。煤粉在直吹管内的燃烧行为以挥发分的脱除为主,该过程对温度敏感,而对氧气浓度不敏感。这一结论与前人在回旋区内得到的模拟结果相反。因此在研究变量对喷吹煤粉燃尽率的影响时,模拟区域应同时包含直吹管和回旋区。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。