共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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纳米材料在纳米尺度展现出的特殊性质, 相较于宏观尺度材料表现出众多优异特性, 在力学、声学、光学、磁学、电学、热学等各种领域具有良好的应用前景。纳米材料的仿生自组装技术模拟活体生命活动, 使纳米材料基于非共价键的相互作用, 自发形成稳定结构, 现已成为制备纳米材料的主要方法之一。仿生自组装技术是“自上而下”方法中的重要技术手段, 这种合成方式有望代替传统的“自上而下”加工技术, 实现单个原子或分子在纳米尺度上构造特定结构和功能的器件。另外, 仿生自组装技术虽然以化学过程为主, 但又有物理过程, 并且结合了“仿生学”的优点, 具有定向构造纳米材料的特点, 是众多交叉学科的热门研究手段。本文重点介绍了纳米材料在形貌和性能调控中不同的仿生自组装合成策略, 包括屏蔽效应的位相选择自组装、双相界面协同效应的仿生自组装、场诱导定位效应的功能器件一体化制备、光诱导自组装以及羟基氢键驱动的分相自组装, 总结了仿生自组装纳米材料的特性, 归纳了自组装技术在传感器、表面拉曼散射、生物医疗等领域的应用, 并对纳米材料仿生自组装技术的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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分子自组装体系的影响因素及其在纳米材料中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了分子自组装体系的影响因素以及分子自组装技术在纳米材料制备方面的应用,并对聚合物自组装体系及研究进展作了综述. 相似文献
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综述了分子自组装技术的特点及研究现状,展望了分子自组装技术在生物医学、物理化学、纳米材料等方面的应用前景. 相似文献
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用自组装技术组装的碳纳米管具有新奇的光、电、催化等功能和特性,因此具有良好的发展前景。近年来,许多方法已经用于碳纳米管的组装;综述了化学吸附自组装、静电自组装、模板辅助自组装及DNA操纵下的自组装等几种主要的碳纳米管的组装方法,并对各种方法的特点及研究现状进行了评述。 相似文献
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钛金属薄膜上两种短链自组装分子膜的制备与摩擦特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用自组装技术在钛金属薄膜上制备了两种分子链长相同、官能团不同的自组装分子膜,并对其进行了不同时间的紫外照射,对钛金属薄膜和自组装分子膜进行了表征和摩擦特性测试,研究了紫外照射、官能团、滑动速度和载荷对自组装分子膜摩擦特性的影响,结果表明:通过紫外照射钛金属薄膜表面羟基化、自组装分子水解及自组装分子缩合可在钛金属薄膜上制备结构致密的自组装分子膜,制备的两种短链自组装分子膜可降低钛金属薄膜的摩擦特性,APS自组装分子膜的摩擦特性优于MPS自组装分子膜的摩擦特性,紫外照射5 min的自组装分子膜表面吸附的有机杂质被蒸发掉,对针尖的黏着力减小,从而导致针尖的变形减小,摩擦力最低,而紫外照射15 min的自组装分子膜致密的网状结构被破坏,减弱了自组装分子膜的润滑效应,两种自组装分子膜的摩擦力随着滑动速度的增加略呈上升趋势,随着载荷的增加略呈下降趋势,但是变化不大. 相似文献
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作为新一代超级电容器电极材料,石墨烯具有比表面积高、化学稳定性和力学性能优异等特点。但是,制备致密度高、结构稳定性好的石墨烯电极时往往需要添加黏结剂,而黏结剂的引入会削弱电极材料的电化学性能,制备石墨烯及其复合自支撑膜是解决该问题的有效手段之一。介绍了石墨烯自支撑膜的成膜方法,包括抽滤诱导自组装、气液界面自组装、涂覆法和层层自组装等传统方法,以及一种新颖的低温旋切成膜方法。着重总结了导电聚合物/石墨烯、金属氧化物/石墨烯及三元石墨烯基复合膜的研究进展。提出了石墨烯及其复合自支撑导电膜未来的发展趋势,包括开发新型、简便、量产的薄膜电极制备技术、控制石墨烯及其复合自支撑膜的微观结构、将各种成膜方法运用于制作便携式电子器件或柔性电池中等。 相似文献
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通过纳米小球自组装的方法制备获得了三维有序结构的聚苯乙烯(PS)蛋白石光子晶体.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对蛋白石光子晶体的微观形貌进行表征,并利用透射光谱对蛋白石进行光学表征.结果表明,胶体自组装能够形成点缺陷、等边三角线缺陷和等边立方体缺陷,通过对最低能量和机理的探讨,得出导致这些缺陷形成的原因是折射率差异和光子带隙(PBG)位置的蓝移. 相似文献
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Satellite-patterns aggregate structures of gold nanoparticles were fabricated by the inducing pi-pi stacking interactions. The self-assembly process of satellite-patterns was tuned by the controlling ligand exchange on the surface of spherical gold nanoparticles, which provide a novel concept and an efficient method for controlling self-assembly of gold nanoparticles. With increasing the porphyrin alkanethiol ratio (r) of gold nanoparticles, the self-assembly induces to form the larger satellite-structures. The study indicates that exchange process of tetra-n-octylammonium bromide molecules and porphyrin alkanethiol molecules results in the formation of satellite-pattern structures with topological features. Nonlinear optical properties of porphyrin alkanethiol capped gold nanoparticles of toluene solution were measured using the Z-scan technique, and its third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (chi(3)) is calculated as 0.9 x 10(-13) esu, presented the third-order nonlinear optical properties. The well-ordered assembly of gold nanoparticles exhibits controlled the third-order nonlinear optical properties, which can be enhanced with the increasing of the porphyrin alkanethiol ratio in systems. 相似文献
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Du J Willcock H Patterson JP Portman I O'Reilly RK 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,7(14):2070-2080
Unusual self-assembly behavior is observed for a range of hydrophilic homopolymers. This self-assembly behavior is contrary to the expected behavior of such hydrophilic polymers and instead mimics more commonly reported amphiphilic block copolymers. It is proposed that the unique combination of hydrophobic end groups at both the α and ω chain end accounts for this unusual self-assembly behavior. Complex internal polymer micelles are spontaneously formed when hydrophilic homopolymer polyelectrolytes and neutral polymers (with a weight fraction of the hydrophobic end groups <10 wt%) are directly dissolved in water. The homopolymers, poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate], poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly(ethoxyethylacrylate) are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization using S'-1-dodecyl-(S')-(α,α'-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (DDMAT) and its derivatives as chain transfer agents (CTAs). A range of polyelectrolyte homopolymers with different terminal groups are designed and synthesized, which under acidic aqueous solution direct the self-assembly to form well-defined nanostructures. This assembly behavior was also observed for neutral polymers, and it was determined that the structure of the hydrophobic end groups (and thus choice of RAFT CTA) are very important in facilitating this unusual self-assembly behavior of hydrophilic homopolymers. It is proposed that the functionality of commonly used CTAs such as DDMAT, can affect the solution association of the resultant homopolymers and can in fact afford ABA' type polymers, which can undergo self-assembly to form higher-order nanostructures. 相似文献