Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

钽铌水冶分解提取工艺及设备的进展

介绍了近些年来我国钽铌湿法冶炼中的资源结构，氢氟酸分解、矿浆萃取工艺以及工艺设备的进展情况。比较了主要工艺过程的技术经济指标，指出了当前生产中存在的一些问题，并提出了解决问题的一些意见。     

中厚钢板生产,技术的发展与进步

本文着重阐述了国外中厚板生产技术发展的特点,国内中厚板生产的现状,以及近年来国内供需情况。并对改进工艺、提高质量和扩大品种等,提出了切实可行的发展设想。     

矿山地质灾害防治与地质环境保护治理

在我国可持续发展的政策要求下,最近几年国家在发展政治、经济等方面越来越把生态保护放在重要地位。矿山受到过多的人类活动影响而出现地质层的损害,各种地质灾害也在不断发生,因此国家和社会相关人员都要密切关注这其中可能发生的状况,并把矿区地质灾害的防护和整治以及地质环境的保护和治理放在一个重要位置上。这篇文章通过对其多方面的分析,来唤起更多人对矿山的地质环境的珍惜。     

铷及其化合物的制备技术研究与应用展望

从世界铷资源及利用状况人手，综述了铷及其化合物采用分级结晶法、沉淀法、离子交换法及溶剂萃取法等提取工艺技术的研究进展；分析了铷在国防工业、航天航空工业、生物工程技术、医学、能源和环境科学等领域的应用现状，如用作铷原子频标、热离子发电、含铷特种玻璃、光电池及放射性示踪等。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Structure and function of symporter and antiporter

Structure and function of symporters and antiporters which utilize Na+ as the coupling cation are briefly reviewed. The SGLT is an Na+/glucose symporter present in animal cell membranes. So far, five isoforms of the SGLT (1 to 5) have been found in various tissues. The Me1B is an Na+/galactoside symporter present in membranes of enteric bacteria. Regions or amino acid residues of these symporters which are important for substrate recognition or cation recognition have been identified. Furthermore amino acid substitutions in the SGLT1 of glucose-galactose malabsortion families have been identified. Regions and amino acid residues which are important for the function of the Na+/H+ antiporters (or exchangers) which extrude H+ (in animal cells) or Na+ (in bacterial cells) have been also identified.     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。     

国内外钢铁工业国际竞争力分析比较

近10年全球钢材需求量大幅增长,但国外钢材生产大国并没有过分追求规模扩张,而致力于资源掌控,调整生产流程合理布局,使企业和装备大型化,进行品种研发及节能减排等。通过对国内外钢铁工业国际竞争力的分析,提出了中国钢铁工业应该在提高资源掌控能力、产业集中度、品牌优势、节能减排水平等方面有所作为,使我国钢铁产品在国际市场上占有一席之地的观点。     

Indicators of hospital treatment and the organization and management of injuries and diseases in armed combat in 1991 and 1992

Efficiency of organisation of management of the injured and diseased in combat operations in 1991/2 and results of hospital treatment are studied. The questionnaire was established for collection of data about stationary treatment of the wounded and diseased in 7 military and 15 civilian medical institutions. Data about 9.243 injured of whom only 5.57% were civilians are especially analysed. In most cases injuries were inflicted by mine-explosive devices (48.77% in combat and 6.27% in non-combat operations), then those inflicted by bullets (38.58% in combat and 8.02% in non-combat operations). Self-inflicted injuries occurred in 5.79% in combat and 10.32% in non-combat operations. Injuries inflicted in non-combat operations were found in a high percentage (46.60). They mostly occurred in the open air (41.26%). Injuries of extremities are predominant (64.70%), then injuries of the head and neck (17.90%), thorax (9.90%), abdomen and pelvis (7.50%). Young men (20-24 years old) were commonly injured but the older ones (over 40 years) have been also frequently injured (18.30%). Evacuation of the wounded and diseased was performed mainly by ambulances (about 60%) or helicopters (16%), especially to the medical institutions far in the country (to M.M.A. up to 60%). The first aid was given within the first ten minutes after injury in 55.00% and within 30 minutes in 65.58% of cases. Mutual aid was most frequently applied (33.12%) and then first aid given by general practitioners (32.12%). Surgical treatment was provided one hour after injury to every fourth wounded (24.08%) and after six hours to more than one third of the wounded (31.88%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

DIBK-TBP萃取分离锆铪的热力学研究

对二异丁基甲酮(DIBK)和TBP从HSCN介质中协同萃取锆铪的性能及热力学进行研究,采用对数函数外推法求得DIBK-TBP体系萃取反应的热力学平衡常数分别为log(K12,Zr)=4.73和log(K12,Hf)=-5.09,锆铪与SCN-形成配合物Zr(SCN)3+和Hf(SCN)3+的稳定性常数分别为1×109.86和1×10-0.80,而铪的分配比在硫氰酸盐存在时要大于锆的分配比,说明过渡金属离子锆和铪在硫氰酸盐存在时与一般金属离子与配位体形成的配合物的稳定性常数愈大,金属离子的分配比愈大的规律相矛盾,并计算出萃取反应的焓变分别为ΔHZr=-11.43 kJ.mol-1和ΔHHf=-7.80 kJ.mol-1,说明对锆铪的萃取反应为放热反应,升高温度不利于萃取反应的进行,常温下自由能变分别为ΔGZr=-26.54 kJ.mol-1和ΔGHf=28.57 kJ.mol-1,熵变分别为ΔSZr=51.54 J.(K.mol)-1和ΔSHf=-124.07 J.(K.mol)-1,说明铪离子比锆离子更易与SCN-形成配位键,从而生成中性分子Hf(SCN)4与有机相发生溶剂化作用而进入有机相中。     

Influence of alloying elements and metalloids on the emulsion and separation behaviour of steel and slag

With the aid of surface and interfacial tension data it has been possible to clarify the effect of the elements nickel, titanium and sulphur in steel and titanium oxide and sulphur in slag on the emulsifying or separating tendencies of liquid steel/molten slag phases. This has been related to the tendency of (scattered) liquid steel films to adhere to gas bubbles crossing the interface, which in turn leads to the formation of metal droplets in the slag phase. Nickel containing steels tend to form emulsions, whereas titanium, both dissolved in the steel and as titanium oxide in the slag, tends to suppress adherence of the steel to the bubbles and promotes steel/slag separation. Sulphur containing steels show also an emulsifying tendency in contact with both sulphur containing and sulphur free slags. With sulphur present in the slag, however, the opposite effect is observed, so that, as sulphur transfer proceeds between the steel and the slag during desulphurization, the emulsifying tendency is markedly reduced, leading to steel/slag separation.     

Comparison of one-way and shuttle-avoidance performance of gerbils and rats.

Compared the avoidance probability of 10 male and 10 female Long-Evans rats and an equal number of gerbils in a l-way and in a shuttle task. Rats in the shuttle task, especially males, had lower avoidance probabilities than gerbils possibly reflecting a species difference in the response hierarchy in the shuttle task. It is suggested that the lower avoidance probabilities of rats may be attributable to the displacement of the flight response by other species-specific defense reactions (SSDRs) induced by the impossibility in the shuttle task of physically escaping the site of noxious stimulation. The uniformity of gerbil avoidance probability across sex and task suggests that the impossibility of fleeing the location of noxious stimuli does not alter the hierarchy of SSDRs in the gerbil. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and evaluation of morpholinoalkyl ester prodrugs of indomethacin and naproxen

Morpholinoalkyl esters (HCl salts) of naproxen 1 and indomethacin 3 were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their potential use as prodrugs for oral delivery. Prodrugs were freely soluble in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and showed a minimum of a 2000-fold increase in solubility over the parent drugs. All prodrugs were more lipophilic than parent drugs as indicated by n-octanol/pH 7.4 buffer partition coefficients but less lipophilic in terms of n-octanol/SGF partition coefficients. Potentiometrically determined pKa's for prodrugs were in the range of 6.89 to 8.62 at 25 degrees C. All prodrugs were quantitatively hydrolyzed to their respective parent drugs by enzymatic and/or by chemical means. An increase in carbon chain length rendered the prodrugs more stable at pH 7.4 but less stable in SGF. The esters were generally found to be hydrolyzed rapidly in rat plasma at 37 degrees C, the half-lives being in the range of 1.2-31.0 min. Based on in vitro results, prodrugs 2c and 4c were chosen to evaluate solid-state stability, in vivo bioavailability, and ulcerogenicity. At elevated temperatures, the solid-state decomposition of 2c and 4c followed biphasic kinetics, with rapid decomposition occurring initially. The prodrugs were 30-36% more bioavailable orally than the parent drugs following a single equimolar solution dose in rats. Prodrugs 2c and 4c were significantly less irritating to gastric mucosa than parent drugs following single-dose and chronic oral administration in rats.     

Survey of antitrypanosome antibodies and studies of their specificity and autoimmunity

As a part of investigations to characterize trypanosome infections in Taiwan, sera collected from patients admitted to Veterans General Hospital, Taipei were tested for antitrypanosome antibodies. A Trypanosoma cruzi extract-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen and titrate 1,297 patient sera. High antitrypanosome titers were detected in 166 (12.8%) of these sera. Retitration of random samples of the high titer (HT) sera indicated a 5.4% false positive. Thirteen donors with high antitrypanosome ELISA titers were followed up. Twelve of then remained high serum titers also showed high ELISA titers against an extract of Trypanosoma conorhini. Hemocultures conducted on freshly drawn blood specimens of the 13 subjects did not provide any evidence of trypanosome infections. Electrophoretic analyses of sera from HT and low titer (LT) patients suggested differences between serum proteins of the subjects in each of the groups. Atypical reactions were observed in immunodiffusion tests performed with HT and LT sera and trypanosome extracts, while western blot analyses revealed a complex pattern of binding by both sera. The qualitative and quantitative differences in these tests suggested interactions of T. cruzi antigens with donor antibodies against unrelated antigens and/or with autoantibodies. Subsequent analyses did not indicate any association between rheumatoid factor and the reactivities of the HT sera with the parasites. However, antinuclear antibodies were detected with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in 50% of the HT sera and 22% of the LT sera. No differences were found between the levels of antilaminin activity of the two groups. The IFAT employing T. cruzi epimastigotes was positive for 100% of the HT sera and 22% of the LT sera. The data indicate that the high seropositivity recognized in this study is due in part to the activities of cross-reacting antibodies and/or autoantibodies in the sample population.     

国内外钛矿和富钛料生产现状及发展趋势

本文概述了世界钛矿物的地理分布和富钛料的生产情况,并对富钛料的生产发展前景进行了预测,介绍了遵义钛公司为获取较好的技术经济指标,提高钛渣生产的技术装备水平,对新建钛渣炉的设计进行了较大的创新。     

Comparison of the sedative and amnesic effects of midazolam and propofol

OBJECTIVE: To determine normal serum bone-related biochemical variables in older African-Americans. DESIGN: A convenience sample of older African-Americans who had a health screening and blood testing for calciotropic hormones was compared with white Americans who were recruited at the end of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) study and were not on a thiazide diuretic. SETTING: Community-dwelling African-Americans who participated in SHEP or who attended one of two mass health screenings. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two African-Americans aged 68-93 years and 43 white Americans aged 70-89 years. MEASUREMENTS: Twenty-five hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and calcitonin. RESULTS: Serum 25OHD levels in 38% of the African-American men and 38% of African-American women were less than 8 ng/mL compared with 22% of Caucasian men and 40% of Caucasian women. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was above the normal range in 25% of men and 33% of women of African-American descent and 14% of Caucasian men and 30% of Caucasian women. Serum 25OHD was lower (P < 0.05) in individuals with a previous history of fracture. Serum albumin (P < 0.05), calcitonin (P < 0.05), and osteocalcin (P < 0.05), but not 25OHD, were lower in African-Americans (men and women) when compared with Caucasians (P < 0.05). Serum calcium corrected for albumin was higher in the African-Americans than in the Caucasians (P < 0.05). As previously reported in Caucasians, PTH was inversely related to log 25OHD in African-Americans. Serum osteocalcin was positively correlated to PTH in African-Americans, as previously reported in Caucasians. Log 25OHD correlated inversely with osteocalcin in African-Americans, but this was not seen in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: In this limited sample, hypovitaminosis D (as assessed by 25OHD level) with secondary hyperparathyroidism occurred frequently in elderly African-Americans. Osteocalcin, a measure of osteoblast activity, correlated with 25OHD and parathyroid hormone. Osteocalcin serum levels were lower in African-Americans than Caucasians, but serum calcium corrected for albumin was higher in the former compared to the latter.     

Biliary excretion of dolichols and beta-hexosaminidase--effect of ethanol and glucagon

Alcohol has been reported to increase the urinary excretion of dolichols, and urinary dolichols are suggested to be derived from the lysosomes of the renal cells. In the present study we examined the effects of alcohol and glucagon on the biliary excretion of dolichols in rats. Chronic ethanol treatment decreased both biliary dolichol and beta-hexosaminidase excretion. The absolute amount of dolichol excreted into the bile correlated highly significantly with the absolute amount of biliary beta-hexosaminidase. Our results indicate that biliary dolichols are--at least in part--derived from hepatic lysosomes. Decreased biliary dolichol output during chronic alcohol administration suggests that urinary and biliary dolichol excretions are regulated independently of each other.