承载线路纵差保护的SDH自愈环组网方式探讨

线路纵联电流差动保护要求传输通道收发路径一致和延时的双向一致.通过分析各种SDH自愈环组网方式的工作原理,得知二纤双向复用段倒换环组网方式在理论上能满足线路纵联电流差动保护对通道的需求.同时,通过对现网SDH设备进行常态运行和非常态通道故障环境测试,发现在常态运行下二纤双向复用段倒换环能满足线路纵联电流差动保护装置通道要求,非常态通道故障下复用段通道倒换过程中出现频繁振荡,引起通道异常,导致线路纵联电流差动保护装置出现报警.     

关于SDH自动保护倒换的实际案例分析

本文依据一个有关传输工程建设的案例,即某运营商对某地区进行的关于保护倒换时间的测试,对SDH自动保护倒换进行了简单的分析及思考.本文根据SDH自动保护倒换机制、ITU-T和国家通信标准,在理论上对该地区自动保护倒换时间进行了计算,并将其与实际相比较,依据各方面的论述得出该地区保护倒换时间满足规范化要求的结论.     

PON系统中的PON保护倒换技术研究

经过近几年的发展,PON技术日益成熟,要保障工程应用中业务的稳定性,应对各种通信中断故障,就需要实现PON保护倒换技术。分析设计了1种PON保护倒换机制和流程,可以满足A、B类保护业务中断时间小于150 ms,C类保护业务中断时间小于50 ms,实现安全、准确、快速PON保护倒换。     

关于SDH自动保护倒换的实际案例分析

本文依据一个有关传输工程建设的案例,即某运营商对某地区进行的关于保护倒换时间的测试,对SDH自动保护倒换进行了简单的分析及思考。本文根据SDH自动保护倒换机制、ITU-T和国家通信标准,在理论上对该地区自动保护倒换时间进行了计算,并将其与实际相比较,依据各方面的论述得出该地区保护倒换时间满足规范化要求的结论。     

SDH自愈环时钟同步软件设计

从组网设计的角度,介绍了SDH自愈环时钟同步与保护倒换的策略及实现机制,并以深圳某公司的产品CGCS-1000为例,说明了通道保护倒换环时钟软件的设计原理,并给出了软件的设计步骤。     

用HP37717B测SDH环保护倒换时间的一种方法

对电信网上广泛应用的ＳＤＨ光传输环保护系统的保护倒换时间这一重要指标,针对实际条件,提出了用ＨＰ３７７１７Ｂ监测高附通道字节的办法来计算倒换时间的一种可行的测试方案。     

高可靠性通信设备主备倒换软件实现方法

主备倒换技术是保障机架式通信设备的可运维性关键技术之一.提出一种新的高可靠性通信设备主备倒换软件实现方式,并对其关键技术——高可靠性协议进行了深入研究.区别于传统的主备倒换流程,系统在倒换之前,主备控制卡之间进行实时的数据同步,从而将数据同步从倒换的过程中分离开来.经实验验证,该方法既能保证主备倒换数据的准确性,又能缩短主备倒换的时间,实现无缝倒换,且适用于机架式通信设备.     

浅析NGN承载网接入层的可靠性保护

1概述N G N承载网接入层的可靠性不能仅依赖设备的可靠性,还必须通过网络的可靠性来保证。毫秒级的倒换时间是N G N可靠性保护的目标。但是目前I P网络通用的保护技术的倒换时间往往都在秒级,无法满足N G N承载网对于毫秒级倒换的要求。在N G N的核心网汇聚层面,由于是一个单纯     

PVC保护倒换的设计与实现

在ATM交换网络中,针对高可靠性业务需求,如何在链路出现故障时,仍能保证业务正常运行。永久虚连接(PVC)保护倒换提供了一种在网络出现故障时,迅速恢复业务正常工作的能力。介绍了PVC保护倒换的工作方式,分析了不同工作方式的使用特点。提出了一种基于1+1保护倒换的解决方案,详细论述了相关的硬件设计、软件处理流程以及保护倒换逻辑设计,并通过实验验证了方案的可行性。     

一种基于ITU-T G.8032的多级保护倒换机制

ITU-T G.8032协议只定义了以太环网中一级链路故障情况下的保护方案,对于多级链路故障,缺乏具体的解决方案。文章阐述了ITU-T G.8032中单环和多环的工作原理,分析了多环中存在的问题及缺陷,在此基础上提出了一种针对多环的多级保护倒换机制。该机制利用多环中虚链路的概念,通过对虚链路故障检测以及虚链路保护进行研究,实现了对以太环网中多级链路故障的保护。测试结果表明,多级保护倒换的时间在50ms以内,满足电信级以太网的网络自愈时间要求,提高了以太网的可靠性。     

IP/MPLSoverWDM网中基于共享风险链路组限制的共享通路保护算法

本文研究了IP/MPLS over WDM网中,如何建立两条共享风险链路组(SRLG)分离的标记交换路径(LSP)问题,提出一种新的基于SRLG分离的共享通路保护算法.该算法既可以保证用户业务的可靠性要求,同时又能够有效提高全网的资源利用率,从而大大降低全网LSP建立请求的阻塞率.本文还对所提算法进行了仿真研究,并给出了仿真结果.     

Performance enhancement for impairment-aware SRLG failure protection in wavelength-routed optical networks

With the increase of size and number of shared risk link groups (SRLGs) in WDM networks, path protection tends to have longer working paths and backup paths due to SRLG-disjoint constraints, which makes physical impairment a major concern in working path and backup path provisioning, particularly in large-sized all optical networks. As a simple and efficient algorithm, the working path first algorithm is often used for path protection against SRLG failures, where the working path is calculated first by using the shortest-path algorithm on the graph, followed by using the SRLG-disjoint shortest path as backup path. Compared with the working path, the backup path calculated after the working path in the working path first algorithm is more vulnerable to physical impairment, since it may be much longer than the working path. As a result, if we reject those connections that cannot meet the physical impairment requirement, with SRLGs the blocking probability of path protection will be much higher. We argue that impairment must be taken into account together with capacity efficiency in a comprehensive way during SRLG-disjoint working path and backup path selection. To solve this problem, we motivate the needs to study physical impairment-aware shared-path protection by considering two policies. Policy I uses two SRLG-disjoint least impairment paths as working path and backup path, respectively, and Policy II tries to benefit from both the shortest path and the least impairment path by choosing them intelligently. Analytical and simulation results show: (1) compared with impairment-unawareness, impairment-aware SRLG failure protection performs much better in terms of blocking probability especially with strong physical impairment constraints; (2) impairment-aware SRLG failure protection can significantly reduce physical-layer blocking probability; and (3) the algorithm based on Policy II achieves a good balance between capacity efficiency and physical impairment requirement.     

快速跳频频率合成

跳频通信具有抗干扰能力强,保密性好等优点,已被广泛地应用于通信、雷达、电子战等领域。此系统的关键是其快速跳频频率合成器,本文以跳频速度为中心,对实现快速跳频的频率合成方法进行了综合、分析、讨论,并提出了几种快速跳频频率合成方案。     

一种Dijkstra优化算法的研究与实现

最短路径计算是地理信息系统应用中的重要功能之一,经典的最短路径算法是D ijkstra算法,但该算法由于结构过于复杂导致计算效率较低,无法满足实际应用需求。从实际应用需求出发,针对D ijkstra算法的不足,在拓扑存储结构、拓扑关系数据结构以及拓扑网中节点存储顺序三方面对算法进行优化,通过分析与实际应用表明提出的D ijkstra改进算法不仅结构简单易于实现,而且算法效率高,能够满足实际应用需求。     

A framework for service-guaranteed shared protection in WDM meshnetworks

In this article a framework for end-to-end service-guaranteed shared protection in dynamic wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) mesh networks, called short leap shared protection (SLSP), is introduced. The idea of SLSP is to divide each working path into several overlapped protection domains, each of which contains a working and protection path pair. In addition to a guaranteed restoration service, SLSP is designed to satisfy the future requirements of wavelength-routed optical mesh networks in scalability, class of service, and capacity efficiency. Tutorial-like discussions are given in the architecture design and signaling mechanisms for implementing the SLSP framework in a dynamic network environment with examples and illustrations. To show that SLSP can improve capacity efficiency, simulations are conducted using four networks (22-, 30-, 79-, 100-node) for a comparative study between ordinary shared protection schemes and SLSP     

Distributed quality-of-service routing in ad hoc networks

In an ad hoc network, all communication is done over wireless media, typically by radio through the air, without the help of wired base stations. Since direct communication is allowed only between adjacent nodes, distant nodes communicate over multiple hops. The quality-of-service (QoS) routing in an ad hoc network is difficult because the network topology may change constantly, and the available state information for routing is inherently imprecise. In this paper, we propose a distributed QoS routing scheme that selects a network path with sufficient resources to satisfy a certain delay (or bandwidth) requirement in a dynamic multihop mobile environment. The proposed algorithms work with imprecise state information. Multiple paths are searched in parallel to find the most qualified one. Fault-tolerance techniques are brought in for the maintenance of the routing paths when the nodes move, join, or leave the network. Our algorithms consider not only the QoS requirement, but also the cost optimality of the routing path to improve the overall network performance. Extensive simulations show that high call admission ratio and low-cost paths are achieved with modest routing overhead. The algorithms can tolerate a high degree of information imprecision     

GMPLS网络中的混合共享光路保护算法

提出了一种混合共享光路保护(HSLP)算法,用以解决通路保护方法中备份路径建立成功率低的问题.在本算法中,首先执行通路保护方法,如果备份路径建立失败,则动态划分工作路径段.用户的服务请求,包括恢复时间和可靠性等,可以通过限制备份路径的跳数来满足.仿真结果表明,HSLP 算法不仅能够获得较低的保护失败率,而且可以使资源利用率与平均恢复时间获得更好的折中.     

基于深度学习的流量工程算法研究与应用

随着5G网络的发展和应用,网络中的业务数量呈现出爆发式增长,网络中的带宽资源日趋紧张。为了提高网络资源利用率,并满足用户日益提高的业务服务质量要求,基于软件定义网络(SDN)提出了一种基于深度学习的流量工程算法(DL-TEA)。通过仿真证明该算法不仅能够实时地为业务计算一条高效的路径,同时还能够提升业务的QoS、网络资源利用率,降低网络阻塞率。     

Dynamic Survivability in WDM Mesh Networks Under Dynamic Traffic

Network survivability is a crucial requirement in WDM mesh networks. In this paper, we systematically consider the problem of dynamic survivability with dynamic single link failure in WDM networks under dynamic traffic demands. Specifically, we investigate various protection schemes, such as dedicated path protection (DPP), shared path protection (SPP), dedicated link protection (DLP), shared link protection (SLP), and two restoration schemes, path restoration (PR) and link restoration (LR). Moreover, two new shared protection methods are proposed, i.e., SRLG-based shared link protection (SRLG-SLP) and SRLG-based shared path protection (SRLG-SPP). The SRLG (shared risk link group) constraint defines the availability of protection resources to a working path, which requires that any two working paths sharing the same risk of failure (or in the same SRLG) cannot share the same protection resources. Furthermore, in our study, we consider a more practical dynamic single-link failure model, in which the link-failure-interarrival time and link-failure-holding time are considered as two independent parameters. Based on this link-failure model, extensive simulations are done to analyze and compare the dynamic survivable performance of various protection and restoration schemes. Resource utilization, protection efficiency, restoration efficiency, and service disruption ratio are employed as survivable performance metrics versus traffic load, link-failure frequency, and link-failure reparation time to evaluate the survivable performance. Many meaningful results are given. In addition, we show that the developed SRLG-SLP and SRLG-SPP protection schemes perform very well in terms of protection efficiency and service disruption ratio, while sacrificing some performance in terms of resource utilization.     

A Study of Path Protection in Large-Scale Optical Networks

We consider the problem of designing a network of optical cross-connects (OXCs) which provides end-to-end lightpath services to large numbers of client nodes, under the requirement that the network will survive any single-link failure. Our main objective is to quantify the additional resource requirements of implementing path protection schemes over a network with no survivability properties. To this end, we present heuristic routing and wavelength assignment algorithms for dedicated path protection and two variants of shared path protection, and integrate them into the physical and logical topology design framework we developed in an earlier study. We apply our heuristics to networks with up to 1000 client nodes, with a number of lightpaths that is an order of magnitude greater than the number of clients, and for a wide range of values for system parameters such as the number of wavelengths per fiber, the number of optical transceivers per client node, and the number of ports per OXC. Our results provide insight into the relative resource requirements of dedicated and shared path protection schemes. We also find that, using shared path protection schemes, it is possible to build cost-effective survivable networks that provide rich connectivity among client nodes with only a modest additional amount of resources over a network with no survivability properties.