一种基于802.11e动态自适应调整竞争窗口的算法*

为了进一步改善高负载状况下服务质量的性能,在原有的IEEE 802.11e 增强型分布式协调功能的基础上,本文提出了一种基于竞争窗口动态自适应调整的算法。该算法首先采用时隙利用率因子估计网络当前负载状况,然后在不同优先级下根据时隙利用率动态调整竞争窗口,降低了信道接入的竞争,提高了网络的性能。仿真实验表明,该算法在保证实时业务要求的同时,能够有效降低时延,显著提高无线局域网的吞吐量。     

一种基于慢退避思想的SD_DCC退避算法及其性能分析

改进了IEEE 802.11协议的二进制指数退避算法,提出了一种基于慢退避思想的分布式接入控制退避算法.它将慢退避的思想同分布式接入控制的思想相结合,有效地解决了标准协议中二进制指数退避算法成功发送数据帧后没有记录网络当前繁忙程度的缺点,能够更准确地记录数据帧成功发送后高负荷网络的退避阶数,降低数据帧接入信道的碰撞概率,提高无线信道的利用率.算法能够与现有的IEEE 802.11协议完整地结合在一起,具有简单、无开销、完全分布性和自适应性的特点.分析和仿真结果表明,基于慢退避思想的分布式接入控制退避算法较之其它三种常用的接入算法能够更能有效地利用网络中已有的信息,更准确地估计网络当前的竞争状态,表现出更好的网络性能.     

WiMAX Mesh网络中一种分布式时隙分配算法

提出了一种基于资源预留的WiMAX Mesh网络支持QoS的微时隙动态分配算法。通过区分数据流优先级的方式将业务分为高优先级业务和低优先级业务两类,对高优先级的业务在每帧中预留一定的微时隙作为分配高优先级业务的时隙,预留时隙大小可以根据网络时隙使用状态动态地进行调整。仿真表明该算法在满足高优先级业务QoS的同时兼顾业务的请求失败率与时隙的利用率,降低了分组的平均时延。     

基于DRAND算法的漏斗-MAC协议

针对漏斗-MAC协议的不足,给出一种分布式时隙分配（DRAND）算法改进方案。在基于集中式时分多址（TDMA）调度算法的漏斗-MAC协议基础上引入分布式时隙分配方案,保证节点两跳范围内的时隙没有重叠,从而能最大限度地避免数据干扰和冲突。NS-2仿真表明,改进的协议能进一步减少系统能量消耗,维持较高的信道利用率。     

一种IEEE 802.11接入机制的新退避算法

无线传感器网络采用类似开放式系统互联模型的协议栈,作为第一个完全针对无线传感网络设计的MAC协议,S-MAC采用了IEEE802.11DCF的接入机制。本文在分析了IEEE802.11协议的二进制指数退避算法(BEB),以及倍数增线性减退避算法(MILD)后,提出了一种基于网络性能指标的新退避算法。新算法将无线信道中的时隙利用率映射网络性能指标传输概率,对网络中连续两次发送的时隙利用率进行平均滤波处理,改变重传节点的发送优先级,来调整节点在竞争使用窗口的退避值,以达到有效减少网络的碰撞、提高无线信道的使用效率和网络吞吐率的目的。仿真结果表明,新退避算法能更准确地估计网络当前的竞争状态,有效地提高了网络吞吐率,获得较好的网络性能。     

基于强化学习的无人机网络资源分配研究

以无人机网络的资源分配为研究对象,研究了基于强化学习的多无人机网络动态时隙分配方案,在无人机网络中,合理地分配时隙资源对改善无人机资源利用率具有重要意义;针对动态时隙分配问题,根据调度问题的限制条件,建立了多无人机网络时隙分配模型,提出了一种基于近端策略优化(PPO)强化学习算法的时隙分配方案,并进行强化学习算法的环境映射,建立马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)模型与强化学习算法接口相匹配;在gym仿真环境下进行模型训练,对提出的时隙分配方案进行验证,仿真结果验证了基于近端策略优化强化学习算法的时隙分配方案在多无人机网络环境下可以高效进行时隙分配,提高网络信道利用率,提出的方案可以根据实际需求适当缩短训练时间得到较优分配结果。     

基于网络的分布式实时数据库系统的并发控制

通过对网络特性的研究,提出了用于DRTDBS的基于可预测性的并发控制算法。然后通过两个改进措施,即一次全发送的处理方法和动态解决冲突方法,对提出的算法进行了应用扩展,使其同样适用于MDRTDBS。最后通过delphi7．0开发的模拟实验对算法的性能进行了评估。     

基于IEEE802.15.4的GTS调度算法优化

针对实时无线传感器网络(WSNs)系统对时延敏感的特点,对目前典型的IEEE802.15.4标准中保障时隙(GTS)调度算法进行了改进,提出一种基于时延优先级的GTS分配算法.根据网络微积分原理评估时延约束条件及GTS分配数目,按照优先级顺序响应GTS请求,并动态调整GTS中的时隙数量,确保实时传输和带宽利用率.通过在...     

Ad hoc网络TDMA分布式动态时隙算法

随着GPS 技术的发展和应用, Ad hoc 网络的终端同步已经不成问题, 因此基于时隙的MAC 方案, 如TDMA 对Ad hoc 网络越来越有吸引力。提出一种新的分布式时隙动态分配算法, 其数据碰撞率低, 公平性好, 适于动态网络, 对于网络失步以及超负荷的数据发送都有较好的适应性。着重介绍了此时隙算法, 然后分析了该算法的性能, 并把它与时隙Aloha 的信道利用率进行了比较, 仿真表明此算法远远优于时隙Aloha 。     

多标签快速识别算法研究与改进

为了提高Aloha算法中标签的识别效率,根据ISO/IEC18000-6C国际标准中的防碰撞要求,对时隙计数(Q)的选择进行动态调整,以满足标签快速识别的要求,实现了一种动态的时隙Aloha算法。除此以外,在此基础上提出了对标签数量进行分组,分析了满足最大时隙利用率的客观条件,对动态时隙Aloha算法进行改进。仿真结果显示,改进后的算法提高了标签的识别效率,表现出良好的性能,具有一定的研究价值。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.