认知图式在翻译过程中的作用

翻译的过程涉及译者的理解和表达两个阶段。在理解阶段,译者的认知图式对原文的理解并不总是具有积极作用的,有时也具有消极作用;译者的认知图式与原文文本之间存在着互动的关系。在表达阶段,译者要充分考虑译文读者头脑中的认知图式,采取相应的翻译策略来激活译文读者头脑中已存在的图式,或帮助译文读者建立新的图式,以达到跨文化交际的目的。     

组织冲突视角下旅游团“第三方”领队角色内冲突及其干预机制

作为旅游团组织中的重要角色,“第三方”领队在解决组织内部冲突时发挥着重要作用。采用质性研究方法探究不同情境下旅游团领队的角色内冲突现象, 并剖析动因与特征, 探讨第三方干预机制。研究发现, 购物情境下的领队在情理与利益的角色内冲突下承担着“理性知情者”与“利益共享者”的角色, 行程情境下的领队在利己与利他角色内冲突下承担着“全程陪同者”与“行程洽谈者”的角色, 游览情境下的领 队存在工作与休闲角色内冲突下承担着“体验保证者”与“工作监督者”的角色。基于双向预判、利益、是非、权力的解决策略成为“第三方”领队干预旅游团组织冲突并进行解决的关键机制。领队对协调游客与地接导游的互动关系、消除两主体之间的条件性“误解”, 打造有序的内部组织结构具有推动作用。领队分别与游客、地接导游存在正式与非正式的双层关系, 领队的双重属性建构着客源地与旅游地相连的跨时空的动态旅游社会组织关系网络。     

大学生积极性运动成瘾的影响因素和坚持机制研究

运动成瘾是一种生理、心理和体育环境氛围相结合的社会行为。本文对积极性和消极性的体育成瘾行为的判断进行了研究,认为积极性体育成瘾是好的锻炼习惯,促进身心健康;消极运动成瘾有伤害作用。个体积极性体育成瘾的影响因素有六个方面,起决定作用的是个体运动过程身体和心理的锻炼效果;根据影响因素对运动成瘾者提供心理和社会支持,激发运动坚持性;对消极者开展心理疏导和运动干预以减少伤害。     

现代教育技术在教学中的利弊分析

研究现代教育技术在教学中的应用,分析其在教育教学中的利弊,能给教育教学者在教学中带来一定的引导作用;文中通过查找相关文献资料,分析了现代教育技术引入教学带来的利弊,就怎样发挥传统教学以及现代教育技术教学各自的优点,怎样有效结合两者使受教者能够更好地掌握知识进行了阐述。     

网络伦理与既有伦理的差异与联系

网络伦理与既有伦理的冲突是当前伦理界和生活中不争的事实。通过对网络空间条件下网络伦理与现实社会生活空间条件下的既有伦理在范畴和特征上的分析 ,两者的联系主要表现在 :以人作为契合点 ,两者具有统一性、连续性 ;以某些基本道德原则作为金规 ,两者具有相通性 ;以实现人的全面发展这一共同目标 ,两者具有一致性。两者的差异则表现为 :网络伦理更为注重以“内省”作用下的道德自律 ;所强调的是平民立场前提下的信息占有和利用平等 ;所倚重的是网络主体在自我提高基础上对诚信问题的技术解决 ;所追求的是多元化的信息伦理结构。     

拖拉机典型零件的失效分析

一、失效分析的意义和作用 及其发展动向 在工程技术上机械零件发生下列情况之一者称为失效。 (1)完全失去效用; (2)使用效能达不到设计要求; (3)严重损伤不能保证使用的安全可靠性。     

构建面向市场的高职院校专业课程设置体系

高职院校专业课程设置要突出考虑培养目标和社会需求,鉴于目前专业课程设置中仍存在的一些问题,要积极吸纳用人单位参与学校的专业课程设置;同时发挥多个部门、多种人员的作用;提高课程设置者的素质和水平,构建一个完整的面向市场的专业课程设置体系.     

网络时代高校图书馆纸质工具书的馆藏与利用

网络工具书的发展并不意味着纸质工具书的灭亡,两者应该是相互促进、共同发展的关系;通过分析纸质工具书馆藏建设与管理中存在的问题和网络时代高校图书馆纸质工具书的收藏策略;提出了网络时代充分发挥纸质工具书的作用,应从提示纸质工具书中的实用信息、编制工具书库之工具书、宣传工具书在教学科研中的重要作用、提高读者使用工具书的能力等方面入手。     

技术美学论

文章分三个部分:技术美学发展的历史线索;技术美学与迪扎因;掌握技术美学的现实意义.而主要阐述的是技术美学对我国社会主义两大文明建设的重要作用.论文中所论及的基础内容,所提及的基本见解,将为热衷于技术美学研究者提供一块引玉之砖.     

低保中“骗保”现象的原因及对策

城镇居民最低生活保障制度为缓解城市居民贫困问题,维护社会稳定,促进社会经济的发展发挥了重要作用。但是,近年来,随着“低保”工作的深入,也出现了不良现象,即“骗保”、“假低保”现象。出现这一现象的原因,与低保制度的完善、低保对象的确定、低保者的信用度和低保者的文化技能有关;解决这一问题需进一步建立完善的低保制度,加强低保工作力量,通过对低保者培训和学习,使之成为自食其力的就业者。     

Atomic scale KMC simulation of {100} oriented CVD diamond film growth under low substrate temperature—part Ⅱ Simulation of CVD diamond film growth in C—H system and in Cl—containing systems

The growth of {100}-oriented CVD diamond film under two modifications of J-B-H model at low substrate temperatures was simulated by using a revised KMC method at atomic scale,The results were compared both in Cl-containing systems and in C-H system as follows:(1) Substrate temperature can produce an important effect both on film deposition rate and on surface roughness;(2) Aomic Cl takes an active role for the growth of diamond film at low temperatues;(3){100}-oriented diamond film cannot deposit under single carbon insertion mechanism,which disagrees with the predictions before;(4) The explanation of the exact role of atomic Cl is not provided in the simulation results.     

Atomic scale KMC simulation of {100} oriented CVD diamond film growth under low substrate temperature-Part II Simulation of CVD diamond film growth in C-H system and in Cl-containing systems

The growth of {100}-oriented CVD diamond film under two modifications of J-B-H model at low substrate temperatures was simulated by using a revised KMC method at atomic scale. The results were compared both in Cl-containing systems and in C-H system as follows: (1) Substrate temperature can produce an important effect both on film deposition rate and on surface roughness; (2) Aomic Cl takes an active role for the growth of diamond film at low temperatures; (3) {100}-oriented diamond film cannot deposit under single carbon insertion mechanism, which disagrees with the predictions before; (4) The explanation of the exact role of atomic Cl is not provided in the simulation results.     

Achievement of a near-perfect smooth silicon surface

During the ultra large scale integration (ULSI) process, the surface roughness of the polished silicon wafer plays an important role in the quality and rate of production of devices. In this work, the effects of oxidizer, surfactant, polyurethane pad and slurry additives on the surface roughness and topography of chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) for silicon have been investigated. A standard atomic force microscopy (AFM) test method for the atomic scale smooth surface was proposed and used to measure the polished silicon surfaces. Finally, compared with the theoretical calculated R _a value of 0.0276 nm, a near-perfect silicon surface with the surface roughness at an atomic scale (0.5 Å) was achieved based on an optimized CMP process.     

Individuelle Gesundheitsleistungen in der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung

Definition of the problem

Within Germany’s statutory health insurance system Individual health services are offered (by physicians) or demanded (by patients) with increasing frequency establishing a "second health market". The services come from a wide and heterogeneous spectrum including highly beneficial and evidence-based methods (malaria prophylaxis), so far questionable (sputum cytology) or probably beneficial (osteodensitometry in high-risk populations) screening methods, dubiousand untested methods fromthe field of alternative and complementary medicine and various services to enhance beauty, fitness or wellness. The services are not, as a common characteristic, part of Germany’s official health care offer and have to be paid foron a strictly private basis.

Arguments

This article discusses chances and risks of the development within a normative framework and addresses five questions.How does selling and buying of "individual services" affect the traditional role of physicians, the identification of useful medical methods and services, our understanding of medicine and its goals, the traditional role of patients, the doctor-patient relationship and our understanding of the German statutory health insurance system?

Conclusion

Individual health services are for various and heterogeneous reasons attractive for both patients and doctors. Whereas medicine becomes more and more regulated, they seem to increase the degrees of freedom and range of options of each side. The services may however profoundly change the role and perception of the medical profession within a collectively financed health care system. Whether the second health care market can be effectively controlled and itself regulated is at present an open question.     

Homology modeling and evolutionary trace analysis of superoxide dismutase from extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The gene sod in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans may play a crucial role in its tolerance to the extremely acidic, toxic and oxidative environment of bioleaching. For insight into the anti-toxic mechanism of the bacteria, a three-dimensional (3D) molecular structure of the protein encoded by this gene was built by homology modeling techniques, refined by molecular dynamics simulations, assessed by PROFILE-3D and PROSTAT programs and its key residues were further detected by evolutionary trace analysis. Through these procedures, some trace residues were identified and spatially clustered. Among them, the residues of Asn38, Gly103 and Glu161 are randomly scattered throughout the mapped structure; interestingly, the other residues are all distinctly clustered in a subgroup near Fe atom. From these results, this gene can be confirmed at 3D level to encode the Fe-depending superoxide dismutase and subsequently play an anti-toxic role. Furthermore, the detected key residues around Fe binding site can be conjectured to be directly responsible for Fe binding and catalytic function. Foundation item: Project(2004CB619201) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China; Project (50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Minimum detectable activity for NaI(Tl) airborne γ-ray spectrometry based on Monte Carlo simulation

The determination of the effective minimum detectable activity(MDA)of radionuclides by a detection system plays an important role in environmental radiation monitoring.In this study,the responses of an NaI(Tl)airborne γ ray spectrometry(AGRS)system to different radionuclides(137Cs and 131I)were investigated using the Monte Carlo technique.The MDA values were determined under different conditions according to the counting spectra obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation.The equivalent mass thickness method was applied to the Monte Carlo modeling for monitoring ground radiation to reduce statistical uncertainty.The secondary source method was used to monitor both air and ground radiation.A quadratic relationship was found between the MDA and activity concentration.An exponential relationship was found between the MDA and altitude.The MDA of a specific radionuclide from external detectors was found to be superior to that obtained from internal detectors under the same conditions.The MDA values in an NaI(Tl)AGRS system under different conditions can be estimated based on the results of this study.     

The inorganic-organic hybrid junction with n-ZnO nanorods/p-polyfluorene structure grown with low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method

The inorganic-organic hybrid junction was synthesized on ITO glass substrate,which was consisted of an n-type ZnO nanorods(NRs)grown by low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method and a p-type polyfluorene(PF)organic film fabricated by spin-coating.The experimental results indicate that densely and uniformly distributed ZnO nanorods are successfully grown on the PF layer.The thickness of the PF layer plays a dominant role for the current-voltage(I-V)characteristic of the ZnO NRs/PF inorganic-organic hybrid junction device,and a p-n junction with obviously rectifying behavior is achieved with optimal PF layer thickness.The photoluminescence(PL)spectrum covering the broad visible range was obtained from the n-ZnO nanorods/p-polyfluorene(PF)structure,which was originated from the combination of the PF-related blue emission and the ZnO-related deep level emission.     

High efficiency blue phosphorescent organic lighting-emitting diodes with novel anode structure

High-efficiency blue electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting devices employing MoO3 used as hole injection layer （HIL） and MoO3 doped N,N-dicarbazoly-3,5-benzene （mCP） as hole transport layer （HTL） were demonstrated. The blue OLED with the novel anode structure and TAPC used as electron blocking layer show a low turn-on voltage of 2.4 V, a maximum power efficiency of 33.6 lm/W at 3.1 V and 25 lrn/W with 1 000 cd/m2 at 3.8 V. It is also found that the efficiency of the devices is dependent on the different EBL materials. This is may because of relationship with the charge mobility and the triplet energy level of EBL materials. The device efficiency is determined by the charge balance which plays an important role.     

Effects of SnO on structure and properties of borosilicate glasses

Tin was found in the bottom of float borosilicate glasses. To simulate the enriched amounts of SnO found on the surface of the float borosilicate glasses, a series of glasses were produced in which the stannous concentration was varied from 0.1 wt% to 9.0 wt%, while the relative concentration of other components were held constant. Infrared spectra were obtained to probe the effect of increased amounts of SnO on the structure of the glass samples. The results show that SnO plays the role of an intermediate in glasses studied. When FO/SnO〉1.0, SnO takes the role of network-former. And when FO/SnO〈1.0, SnO can give the free oxygen as network-modifier. Besides, SnO has intensive effect on thermal performance of borosilicate glasses.     

硼氮掺杂对锯齿型硅烯纳米带器件中 自旋输运的调控

采用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数方法,研究了硼和氮原子单独掺杂对锯齿型硅烯纳米带器件中自旋输运行为的调控作用。研究发现硼和氮原子都是掺杂在锯齿型硅烯纳米带的边缘最稳定。硼和氮原子的掺杂区域对器件的自旋输运性质起着关键作用:当掺杂在器件的散射区时,可发现微小的自旋劈裂现象;但是当掺杂在电极区时,会出现较明显的自旋劈裂现象,相应的自旋过滤效率可高达100%。