足尺水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土填充墙钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究

为研究水泥聚苯模壳(EPSC)格构式混凝土填充墙钢筋混凝土(RC)框架的抗震性能,对一足尺单层EPSC格构式混凝土填充墙RC框架模型进行了振动台试验。试验中考虑了墙体开洞及墙体与RC框架的连接方式,研究了不同强度地震动作用下模型结构的动力特性、加速度反应、位移反应、层间剪力和动应变反应。研究结果表明:连续强震动作用下EPSC裂缝数量较多,部分格构柱水平开裂,而RC框架未发现损伤,EPSC格构式混凝土填充墙RC框架具有良好的抗震性能;模型最大层间位移角仅为1/513,格构式混凝土墙体的存在极大增强了RC框架的抗侧刚度;墙体与RC框架设置不同间距、长度的拉结筋均能提高墙体的平面外稳定性能,可控制墙体与框架协同工作。     

Experimental study on seismic performance of prefabricated rocking wall frame structure

为避免罕遇地震作用下传统混凝土摇摆墙的开裂损伤且充分利用装配式结构的便捷性，设计了采用双层钢板混凝土墙的摇摆墙结构体系，在浇筑混凝土时双层钢板可充当摇摆墙构件的外模板。跨越结构上、下层的摇摆墙之间采用高强螺栓连接，摇摆墙在工厂预制后运到施工现场进行安装。选用金属阻尼器作为耗能连接件连接摇摆墙与主体框架结构，同时传递层剪力并耗散地震能量。为研究该装配式摇摆墙-框架结构的抗震性能，设计并制作了一个纯框架和两个摇摆墙-框架，其中两个摇摆墙-框架的区别在于金属阻尼器的安装位置不同。通过拟静力试验分析了其破坏模式及抗震性能。试验结果表明：预制装配式摇摆墙与主体框架结构协同工作性能良好，金属阻尼器耗能效果得到充分利用，结构承载力、耗能能力大幅增加；在水平位移较大时摇摆墙竖向发生刚体位移，对整体结构的抗震性能产生一定影响，后续将采用附加预应力的形式减轻摇摆墙竖向抬升的影响。     

装配式摇摆墙-框架结构抗震性能试验研究

为避免罕遇地震作用下传统混凝土摇摆墙的开裂损伤且充分利用装配式结构的便捷性,设计了采用双层钢板混凝土墙的摇摆墙结构体系,在浇筑混凝土时双层钢板可充当摇摆墙构件的外模板。跨越结构上、下层的摇摆墙之间采用高强螺栓连接,摇摆墙在工厂预制后运到施工现场进行安装。选用金属阻尼器作为耗能连接件连接摇摆墙与主体框架结构,同时传递层剪力并耗散地震能量。为研究该装配式摇摆墙-框架结构的抗震性能,设计并制作了一个纯框架和两个摇摆墙-框架,其中两个摇摆墙-框架的区别在于金属阻尼器的安装位置不同。通过拟静力试验分析了其破坏模式及抗震性能。试验结果表明：预制装配式摇摆墙与主体框架结构协同工作性能良好,金属阻尼器耗能效果得到充分利用,结构承载力、耗能能力大幅增加;在水平位移较大时摇摆墙竖向发生刚体位移,对整体结构的抗震性能产生一定影响,后续将采用附加预应力的形式减轻摇摆墙竖向抬升的影响。     

Seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls

For the seismic design of tall building structures, the behavior under severe earthquakes should be carefully considered and the upper limit of inter‐story deformations are often defined by the design codes. To improve the performance of structures under severe earthquakes, composite structural members, including steel reinforced column and steel plate reinforced shear wall, are often adopted. In the present work, the seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls is investigated numerically. Fiber beam–column element models and multilayer shell models are adopted to establish the finite element model of structure, and the material nonlinearities are described by the plasticity and damage models. The accuracy of the developed models is verified by the experimental results of a single shear wall. Systematic numerical simulations are performed for the tall building structures subjected to different earthquakes. The comparative study indicates that the nonlinear redistribution of internal forces plays a very important role for the performance of tall buildings under severe earthquakes.     

高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究

为研究高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的抗震性能,分别设计了一个10层钢筋混凝土框架结构和屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构模型,进行了地震作用下动力非线性分析。结果表明：屈曲约束钢板墙可显著减小高层钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的层间位移,同时在罕遇地震作用下框架中塑性铰的数量也有大幅减少,表现出良好的抗震性能。在此基础上,综合规范对框架结构和框架-抗震墙结构抗震等级和柱轴压比限值的规定,并结合屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的受力特点,提出了高层屈曲约束钢板墙-混凝土框架结构的抗震设计建议。建议屈曲约束钢板墙的边缘构件按框架结构确定抗震等级和柱的轴压比限值,其他框架部分根据其承担的地震倾覆力矩比例大小,按框架结构或框架-抗震墙结构确定抗震等级和柱的轴压比限值。     

内置钢板与内置钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能对比研究

通过对2组内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙和内置钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙拟静力试验的模拟,确定计算模型的建立方法,并选取2片相同含钢率的内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙和内置钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙模型进行侧向低周反复荷载作用下的计算分析,对比了2片剪力墙模型的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、耗能及滞回特性,并选取实际工程为算例,对采用两种组合剪力墙的整体结构从抗侧刚度、破坏模式、层间位移角、位移时程及塑性发展等方面进行了抗震性能的对比。研究结果表明：对于构件层次,随着墙体高宽比的增大,内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的承载力、耗能能力及延性逐渐优于内置钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙;对于结构层次,当墙体高宽比较大时,采用内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙结构的抗震性能要优于采用内置钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙的结构。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构基于时变的抗震性能研究

钢筋混凝土结构在使用过程中由于钢筋锈蚀抗震性能退化。为了研究钢筋混凝土框架结构在正常使用环境下随使用时间的增加其抗震性能的退化规律,采用通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对锈蚀钢筋混凝土框架进行多尺度建模以提高计算精度并保证计算效率。基于锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件及单榀框架的试验数据,验证了多尺度建模方法的正确性。采用多尺度模型对4层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了静力推覆分析及弹塑性时程分析,对比不同使用时间的钢筋混凝土框架结构的地震反应和损伤情况。结果表明：当使用时间为25a时,结构的抗震性能与新建结构接近;当使用时间超过50a时,随着使用时间的增加,结构的承载能力及刚度退化明显,在地震作用下的位移响应逐渐增大,地震损伤范围不断扩大;相比新建结构,当使用时间为50、75a和100a时,结构的抗侧承载力分别降低了6.2%、14.1%及18.1%,罕遇地震作用下的最大层间位移角分别增大了9.2%、19.8%及25.1%。     

超高层钢管混凝土重力柱-混凝土核心筒结构振动台试验研究

提出一种新型的钢管混凝土重力柱-核心筒结构体系,通过地震模拟振动台试验验证其抗震性能。以实际超高层钢管混凝土柱框架-混凝土核心筒建筑结构为参考,将钢框架梁与柱或核心筒的刚性节点改为螺栓连接的铰接节点,简化结构并制作1/40的缩尺结构模型,采用4条地震动记录进行不同工况的振动台试验,分析结构的震损特点、动力特性、侧向位移、层间位移角、扭转角、地震惯性力、楼层剪力和倾覆弯矩等。结果表明：震损主要出现在下部楼层的混凝土楼板与柱连接、楼板与核心筒连接、楼板与钢梁连接、核心筒角部等部位;基本自振周期和阻尼比随震损增加而增大,动力放大效应减小,长周期地震动反应显著,侧向变形和层间位移显著增大;外排架柱的层间位移主要为不产生内力的刚体转动,核心筒层间位移角达1/26,超过规范JGJ 3—2010中规定的框架-核心筒结构体系不倒塌限值的3.85倍而未出现倒塌;外排架抗扭刚度小,结构扭转反应由核心筒主导;地震惯性力和楼层剪力受地震长周期分量的影响小,随结构损伤增大楼层内力增加幅度减小。     

纤维增强混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究与理论分析

为根本改善混凝土基体的脆性,提高混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能和损伤容限,设计制作6个局部纤维增强混凝土（FRC）剪力墙试件,在试件变形关键部位采用FRC替代普通混凝土,并考虑高轴压比下剪力墙受压钢筋屈曲和受拉纵筋应力集中的问题,在塑性铰区纵向钢筋上设置钢套管,以改善受力钢筋的稳定性和变形性能。通过对悬臂剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,研究此类剪力墙的破坏现象、受力机理和滞回特性,探讨轴压比、FRC区高度、纵筋强度和钢套管长度等因素对墙体变形能力及耗能能力的影响。研究表明,与普通混凝土剪力墙试件相比,塑性铰区采用FRC的剪力墙试件具有较高的损伤容限和变形能力;提高钢筋强度和延性以及在纵筋上设置钢套管,对其抗震性能和耗能能力均具有明显的改善作用。     

Analytical Model for Viscous Wall Dampers

By now, many civil engineering researchers have extensively studied the application of earthquake energy dissipation systems in seismic‐resistant buildings. Earthquake energy dissipation systems play an important role in enhancing the sustainability of structures against seismic excitation. Frame buildings are strengthened by installing damper devices as supplemental structural members. This article presents the finite‐element‐based development of an analytical model for a viscous wall damper (VWD) device, an alternative to other earthquake energy dissipation systems, which can diminish the effect of earthquakes on structures and improve the seismic performance of multistory buildings subjected to ground motion. The constitutive law of VWDs has been formulated and integrated to develop a finite element model of VWD compatible with the reinforced concrete (RC) structure analytical model. Then, the finite element algorithm has been developed for inelastic analysis of RC buildings equipped with VWD devices capable of detecting damage to both structural members and damper connections under dynamic loading. Based on the developed system, the special finite element program was codified and verified by applying it to a real model of a RC building with supplementary VWD devices. Influence of VWDs on seismic performance of the RC building during earthquake excitation was evaluated. The proposed analytical model for VWD is verified by using experimental test data and analysis result proved that this energy dissipation system succeeds by substantially diminishing and dissipating a structure's induced seismic responses. Also the parametric study indicated that the damping coefficient is very effective on performance of VWD.     

Fragility assessment of high‐rise reinforced concrete buildings considering the effects of shear wall contributions

The effect of shear wall configurations on seismic responses of high‐rise RC buildings is investigated in this paper using fragility analysis method. Four lower high‐rise RC buildings that have the same plan dimensions and height but are different in configurations in lateral force resisting systems, were firstly designed following the standard code procedure. To consider uncertainties in earthquake motions, 16 real ground motion pairs were selected and scaled, then applied orthogonally to the four RC building models during the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). Fragility relationships were therefore derived based on the IDA results for the three limit states including slight damage, moderate damage and collapse to show the probabilistic comparison of seismic responses among the four buildings in both x and y‐directions. It was observed that generally adding shear walls will improve buildings' seismic performance at all limit states. However, shear wall configuration also plays a significant role in seismic behavior of the lower high‐rise regular RC buildings' and internal shear walls are generally more effective than external shear walls in improving building's seismic resistance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

消能支撑加固底部框架砌体房屋的弹塑性地震反应分析

本文采用弹塑性时程分析方法,对底部框架多层砌体房屋在不同烈度罕遇地震作用下进行了抗震性能评估;研究了在底部框架内增设消能外包混凝土无粘结钢支撑对房屋抗震性能的影响;对增设消能支撑加固方案和增设抗震墙加固方案进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,在底层框架砌体房屋的底层增设消能支撑可显著降低底层框架的最大层间位移,控制结构的塑性损伤,提高结构的抗震性能。增设消能支撑加固方案与增设抗震墙加固方案相比,结构加固更合理、更易实施。     

传统藏式民居的典型震害及易损性研究

中国西部川、藏、甘、青、滇地区地震频发,藏式民居的震害严重威胁藏民的生命财产安全。为科学评估传统藏式民居的抗震水平,以藏区最为常见的石木结构房屋为主要研究对象,分析其结构组成特征。结果表明,该类结构普遍具有收分墙、木构架和重楼屋盖的结构构造特点,且承重体系混杂。在此基础上,结合2014年康定6.3级地震现场震害调研,总结石木结构的典型震害特征,并探讨其震害原因。广泛收集历年来藏区所遭受的几次典型地震中藏式石木结构的震损数据,统计分析得到了石木结构的易损性矩阵及易损性指数,并与普通砖混结构、钢筋混凝土框架结构的易损性进行对比分析。研究结果表明：藏式民居石砌外墙刚度大、石砌体抗拉和抗剪强度低、房屋整体性差、各部分地震反应不协调以及缺乏专业抗震设计建造,在地震中表现出石砌外承重墙率先震坏、门窗洞口处薄弱且裂缝形态与普通砖混结构显著不同、上层破坏程度大于下层等特点;藏式民居的易损性明显高于砖混结构和钢筋混凝土框架结构,其中外围墙体承重与否对藏式民居的抗震性能有较大影响;建议震害评估或震害预测时将藏式民居单独列为一类考虑。     

拉压变轴力下小剪跨比预应力混凝土墙往复受剪试验研究

为了研究预应力混凝土（PC）剪力墙的抗震性能,提出剪力墙在拉压变轴力作用下的水平往复加载试验加载制度,完成3片剪跨比为1.0的预应力混凝土墙在恒定轴拉力、恒定轴压力和拉压变轴力作用下的水平往复加载试验,研究其破坏模式、滞回性能、承载力、变形能力、刚度和残余裂缝宽度,并与型钢混凝土（SRC）墙和普通RC墙的抗震性能进行了对比。试验结果表明：恒定轴拉力试验中,预应力混凝土墙发生了腹板剪切破坏;恒定轴力试验中墙体发生了斜压破坏;拉压变轴力试验中,墙体在压剪方向加载时发生剪压破坏。拉压变轴力加载导致预应力混凝土墙拉剪和压剪承载力分别降低了18.7%和10.5%。预应力混凝土墙在恒定轴拉力和拉压变轴力作用下的极限位移角为1.2%~1.6%,变形能力大于JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》规定的弹塑性位移角限值(1/100);恒定轴压力试验中水平峰值荷载超过了墙体截面受剪承载力限值,出现斜压破坏,极限位移角仅为0.6%。预应力混凝土墙试件与SRC墙试件的刚度、承载力和变形能力接近,前者的残余裂缝宽度小于后者的,表现出更好的震后可修复性。由于预应力有效抑制了墙体水平贯通裂缝的形成、防止出现沿水平裂面的滑移破坏,因此在较大轴拉力水平时预应力混凝土墙比普通RC墙的抗侧刚度和承载能力均显著提高。总体来看,预应力混凝土墙抗震性能优良,是一种改善高层建筑中受拉剪力墙抗震性能的有效手段。     

填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构基于位移的改进抗震设计方法

按现行抗震规范设计的底部空框架填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构,可能无法实现“强柱弱梁”的预期延性破坏机制。为此,建立了填充墙与主体框架协同作用的等效斜撑-框架模型,改进等效单自由度体系阻尼比与刚度的确定方法,提出了填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构基于位移的抗震设计方法;针对底部为空框架的填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构进行不同性能目标下的静力推覆分析,实现其“使用良好”、 “修复后使用”和“防止倒塌”性能水平的抗震设计。采用动力弹塑性时程分析方法和能力谱法验证了基于位移的改进抗震设计方法的有效性。分析表明,应用基于位移的改进抗震设计方法,可综合考虑填充墙对主体框架的利弊作用,实现结构性能抗震设计目标。     

粘钢加固钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过一组试验研究不同粘钢加固方式对钢筋混凝土剪力墙抗震性能的影响.本研究设计制作了6片钢筋混凝土剪力墙,并对这些试件进行了拟静力低周反复加载试验,这6个试件包括不经加固的混凝土剪力墙、只用水平U形箍加固的剪力墙、用水平U形箍和竖向钢材加固但端部锚固方式不同的剪力墙.在试验中记录了各试件在水平反复荷载下的荷载-位移滞回曲线、钢筋应变、墙体裂缝分布及墙体的破坏现象.分析了不同粘钢加固方式对混凝土剪力墙水平承载力、位移延性、耗能能力的影响.试验结果表明以粘钢加固的方式加固钢筋混凝土剪力墙,可以有效地改善剪力墙的抗震性能,并且,可靠的端部锚固方式对粘钢加固剪力墙的抗震性能也至关重要.     

Application of replaceable coupling beams to RC structures

An innovative structural component, replaceable coupling beam (RCB), was developed and used in reinforced concrete (RC) structures to enhance the structural performance. During strong earthquakes, damage may occur in replaceable devices to prevent severe damage in primary structural parts, and the damaged devices could be replaced after earthquake. This paper introduces the theory and design method as well as the application of RCBs to RC structures. First, a practical design procedure for RCBs was proposed. Then, cyclic static tests of the RC shear walls with and without RCBs were conducted. At last, a systematical RCB application to RC structure was introduced, and dynamic analysis for the entire structures was performed. The results indicate that RCB has good seismic performance by concentrating damage in the replaceable devices, while the global responses of the structures with and without RCBs changed slightly. Dynamic properties of the real structure were measured through the ambient vibration test, and the test results further validated the dynamic analysis to some extent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土带暗支撑筒体抗震性能试验研究

钢筋混凝土筒体是高层建筑中最主要的抗侧力体系,目前对钢筋混凝土筒体的试验研究较少,且提高筒体抗震性能的措施研究方面更少。在暗支撑剪力墙研究的基础上,本文进一步提出了钢筋混凝土带暗支撑筒体,通过1个1/6缩尺的带暗支撑筒体与1个普通筒体的低周反复荷载试验,对比分析破坏特征、承载力、刚度、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力及钢筋应变。试验表明,与普通核心筒体相比,带暗支撑筒体的抗震耗能能力显著提高,抗震性能明显改善。     

钢筋混凝土构件动力加载试验数据库

钢筋混凝土结构在地震作用下会产生应变率效应,受该效应影响,结构的抗震性能将产生变化。因此,在对钢筋混凝土结构进行抗震性能分析及设计时应考虑应变率效应的影响。对国内外已有研究的钢筋混凝土构件在不同加载速率下的相关试验进行力学模型等效和试验数据处理,分析了钢筋混凝土构件在不同加载速率下力学性能的一般变化趋势,并以此为基础建立了钢筋混凝土构件动力加载试验数据库,该数据库界面友好、检索方便,包含了钢筋混凝土梁、柱、节点和剪力墙构件的数据。     

Nonlinear time history analysis of China Pavilion for Expo 2010 Shanghai China

The peculiar building style and special structural system of the National Hall of China Pavilion for Expo 2010 Shanghai is a long‐span and large cantilevered steel–concrete hybrid structure with a shape of an inverted trapezoid in elevation and local discontinuity of floor slabs in plan for esthetic and functional considerations. Because of these characteristics, the building is classified as an irregular and complex structure. To investigate the seismic behavior of the structure, a refined finite element model was established by using NosaCAD. To simulate the nonlinear behavior of the members, the fiber section model was chosen for compression‐flexure frame members, and nonlinear flat shell element was chosen for tube wall. Nonlinear analysis was carried out to study the seismic behavior of the structure under the minor and major earthquakes at the level of intensity 7. With the analysis, the deformations, internal forces and damage states of the structure were investigated. Analysis results show that there is no damage on structure under minor earthquake, the structural system has sufficient capacity and ductility to resist major earthquake, and seismic performance objective of no damage under minor earthquake and no collapse under major earthquake can be reached. The deformation of the structure is less than the limit of the Chinese code. The order and distribution of damages on components of the tubes are reasonable, which can dissipate some dynamic energy. Finally, weak points were identified, and some corresponding suggestions were put forward to improve the overall seismic performance of this structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.