5G广播电视演进和主要技术特点

地面无线广播电视作为广播电视最为重要的传输手段,在广播电视发展的很长一段时间内占据主导地位。随着计算机、微电子、移动通信、材料科学等技术飞速发展和人们不断提高的精神、物质、文化需求,无线广播电视技术开始探索向移动终端和个性化领域发展,广播电视与通信技术的融合已经成为全球性话题和探索研究方向。以国际通信组织3GPP为代表的通信与广播电视技术人员,从本世纪初开始了对现代广播电视传播体系的全面系统研究和探讨。本文全面介绍了3GPP广播模式的发展历程和主要技术特点,并基于我国广电兼具广播运营商和电信运营商的双重身份,指出了广电5G广播电视网建设演进路线,建议了未来中国3GPP广播电视分三阶段发展,提出了中国广播电视的核心模式:卫星组网+地面广播+基站覆盖。     

Physical layer enhancements in 5G-NR for direct access via satellite systems

Among the several features and capabilities introduced by every new 3GPP release on 5G cellular systems, the latest Release 17 will be remembered as the first that specifies a set of enhancements and adaptations to support mobile broadband services via satellite direct access. Specifically focused on the necessary physical layer mechanism and procedure modifications, this paper will present in detail the 3GPP work about the inclusion of satellite systems in 5G networks.     

第三代移动通信系统的安全

3GPP技术规范组中的第三工作组专门从事3C安全问题的研究，他们制定的接入网的安全规范已经成熟，而网络城安全、终端安全规范还在制定中；3GPP2规范中涉及的安全因素包括接入控制(鉴权)、密钥管理、数据和身份的保密、其它相关规定．以及分组数据网的AAA机制(目前采用RADIUS协议来实现)。相比于2C．3G采用了许多新的安全措施，但是从算法角度、终端角度、与2G的兼容性角度上来看，使用3G仍然存在安全风险，3GPP和3GPP2两种体制将向全IP过渡是目前一个普遍的看法，而3G引入IP技术必将面对IP固有的一些安全问题。     

5G meets satellite: Non-terrestrial network architecture and 3GPP

With 3GPP Release-17, global 5G standards now support non-terrestrial mobile networks comprising radio access network, terminals, and core network. This enables multi-vendor interoperability as well as interoperability with 3GPP-compliant 5G systems. This paper describes the key features enabling the NG-RAN architecture defined for 5G to support non-terrestrial networks. Starting from a general overview of NG-RAN and of the new paradigms of NTN, we introduce the NTN functionality in NG-RAN specifications with respect to feeder link switchover, cell handling, terminal registration, and OAM aspects. We also discuss different scenarios combining satellite access with 3GPP-defined core networks. We also describe some further enhancements expected to be seen in the next 3GPP release (Rel-18). We believe current and upcoming 3GPP work for NTN represents a solid basis on which 5G satellite networks can be built in the upcoming future.     

WLAN与3GPP无线互操作研究进展与展望

终端如何在3GPP与WLAN中选择最优网络接入并进行业务分流是WLAN与3GPP互操作中需要解决的重要问题。传统3GPP与WLAN互操作主要集中在核心网层面,无法考虑无线网络负载,容易造成网络负荷不均,用户体验降低。3GPP R12阶段在RAN2开展了WLAN与3GPP无线互操作研究,定义了一系列无线接入网辅助参数和无线接入网规则以增强WLAN与3GPP在无线的接入网选择和业务分流方案,有效提高了用户体验以及运营商对于WLAN的控制能力,为WLAN与3GPP网络深入融合提供解决方案。     

Radio interface protocols and radio resource management procedures for 5G new radio non-terrestrial networks

In Release 17, 3GPP introduced adaptations and enhancements to the 5G new radio (NR) specification to support non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) operation. The main challenges were due to long propagation delays, especially in GEO deployments, and the movement of the satellites in LEO deployments. In this paper, we give an overview of the protocol adaptations to support NTNs. The main user plane protocol adaptations include changes to random access and hybrid automatic repeat request to due long propagation delays. The control plane protocol adaptations include a variety of mobility related enhancements for user equipment.     

3GPP与WLAN互连的技术

主要介绍第三代移动通信合作计划(3GPP———3GPartnershipProject)与无线局域网(WLAN)互连的结构,3GPP用户可通过WLAN开展WLAN接入业务。在WLAN中,通过3GPP预约,使用客户识别模块(SIM)/用户服务识别模块(USIM)接入通用IC卡(UICC),使3GPP与WLAN终端互连。文中还介绍基于3GPP的WLAN接入认证授权、IEEE802.11i中的认证和密钥协定、3G-WLAN互连中的认证和授权、复用3GPP的归属位置注册器等,描述了用户数据如何选路和接入业务,最后介绍WLAN中基于3GPP的计费方法(预付费和后付费),以及如何对这些用户计费和对归属网络中基于IP的计费。     

Requirements on Satellite Access Node and User Equipment for Non-Terrestrial Networks in 5G New Radio of 3GPP Release-17

For the first time, 3GPP considered in Release-17 the introduction of mobile satellite service (MSS) frequency bands for 3GPP user equipment (UE) direct connectivity with satellites and had to consider the coexistence in adjacent bands with terrestrial networks (TNs). This paper will further explain the most challenging and the main surprising outcomes of this work, which opened new market opportunities for both terrestrial and nonterrestrial stakeholders. 5G New Radio nonterrestrial networks (NTNs) for satellite communications are representing a major breakthrough in the history of telecommunication for the capability of reuniting two different types of services, that is, terrestrial and nonterrestrial, by reusing the same waveform and potentially the same type of terminal. One of the major conclusions of the 5G NR NTN 3GPP work in Release-17 was that NTN UE could reuse the current requirements of the TN UE. For this reason, the same terminal can connect to both TNs and to nonterrestrial satellite constellations. Consequently, the market is not fragmented and therefore there will be a real opportunity for both terrestrial and satellite operators to increase the coverage and the quality of the service all over the world. This is one of the most important breakthroughs that 3GPP Release-17 work was able to justify because it clearly shows that satellite connectivity using 5G NR technology is not only for dedicated satellite 5G NR UE with a higher power class. On the other hand, the 3GPP work also shows that the satellite connectivity does not require a dedicated satellite waveform, because 5G NR waveform based on CP-OFDM (for downlink) and DFT-s-OFDM (for uplink) is sufficient. Another important finding is that TN can coexist with NTN on adjacent channels with relaxed ACIR requirements for the tested simulation scenarios. In fact, the satellite 5G NR requirements are lower when compared with terrestrial base station (BS) requirements from previous 3GPP releases. The satellite ecosystem tremendously changed after these findings, and both satellite and terrestrial stakeholders now see a potential market opportunity.     

3GPP关于5G若干技术规范摘录(二):NG-RAN总体架构(Ⅱ)

在本讲座中,节录了3GPP关于5G无线接入网(NG-RAN)的总体架构,包括NG、Xn和F1接口以及它们与无线接口之间的交互。     

Third generation WCDMA radio evolution

Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) produced the first full version of the WCDMA standard at the end of 1999. This release, called Release'99, contains all the necessary elements to meet the requirements for IMT‐2000 technologies, including 2 Mbps data rate with variable bit‐rate capability, support of multi‐service, QoS differentiation and efficient packet data. The Release 5 specifications were created in March 2002 and they contain downlink packet data operation enhancement, under the title high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA). HSDPA utilizes Hybrid ARQ and higher order modulation for improving data‐spectral efficiency and for pushing bit rates beyond 10 Mbps. The further 3GPP releases will study the enhancements of packet‐data performance in uplink. Other important features in future 3GPP releases include advanced antenna technologies and WCDMA standard for new spectrum allocations. The paper describes the main solutions of 3GPP WCDMA standard in more detail. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3GPP关于5G若干技术规范摘录(二):NG-RAN总体架构(Ⅰ)

在本讲座中,节录了3GPP关于5G无线接入网(NG-RAN)的总体架构,包括NG、Xn和F1接口以及它们与无线接口之间的交互。     

3GPP IMS研究

基于3GPP IMS的网络架构支持固定网络接入需求和未来网络的各种业务需求,有利于实现未来固定、移动网络在核心业务控制层的共享和融合,并提供对高层多种业务的支持,已经成为下一代网络的发展方向。本文介绍了3GPP IMS的体系结构和工作原理,并对3GPP IMS的业务模型与业务提供能力进行了分析。     

5G高频设计及国际标准化分析

高频是移动通信的重要应用方向,也是5G设计的重要方向.3GPP在R15、R16及R17中对于高频都做了相关研究和标准化工作.结合3 GPP国际标准化工作,首先对高频的各种用例、部署场景进行了详细介绍;接着对3 GPP标准化中帧结构设计、接入设计、大规模天线设计和频域配置等关键技术进行了分析;最后对5G高频相关的国际标准化内容进行了总结和展望.     

3GPP和3GPP2向全IP移动网过渡策略及二者融合

最近,全球无线业界巳确定了二项新的全球合作计划,即3GPP和3GPP2计划,以解决第二代系统有限数据传输能力,从而产生了关于能提供高数据率3G宽带无线电技术研究的合作计划（PP）。PP研究小组正着重IP网标准的开发,本篇叙述3GPP和3GPP2 IP研究工作的有关情况以及两的融合问题,重点描述了3GPP网络的结构特点。     

WCDMA标准化进展

WCDMA作为未来3G的三大主流技术标准之一,已经得到业界的广泛认可.在技术创新和市场驱动的双重作用下,WCDMA从概念向产业化的进程正在加快,全球主要设备制造商都在积极跟踪和研发基于WCDMA技术的3G网络产品.本文依据演进次序,从3GPP R99、3GPP R4、3GPP R5、3GPP R6和3GPP R7五个方面对WCDMA系列标准进行了概括的介绍,并对各标准的主要特点和新增功能进行了概述.     

3GPP对异构网络移动性优化技术的研究进展

随着异构网络技术的快速发展,移动通信技术将迎来大的变革,3GPP也把对异构网络的相关研究和标准制定做为重点工作之一。本文介绍了3GPP在R11阶段对异构网络移动性能的研究和所提出的异频低功率小区探测优化技术。     

LTE的无线资源管理

介绍了3GPPLTE网络架构及无线资源管理的最新研究进展，同时对分布式无线资源管理进行了详细分析。     

5G网络切片技术增强研究

网络切片作为5G网络的关键技术之一,不仅服务于个人用户,还需要满足各行各业的数字化转型需求,因此需要提供差异化的能力满足不同的体验要求。从网络切片的技术演进角度分析网络切片在3GPP标准中的最新进展,包括R15版本定义的网络切片的整体架构及基础业务流程、R16版本网络切片特定鉴权授权关键流程、R17版本正在研究的网络切片属性定义等关键问题,并简要分析端到端网络切片当前面临的问题。     

LTE Part I: Core network

Current cellular networks based on Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and 3GPP2 technologies provide evolution from circuit-switched technologies, originally developed for voice communications, to packetswitched technologies. Next-generation networks need to deliver IP-based services (voice, video, multimedia, data, etc.) for all kinds of user terminals while moving between fixed (fiber, DSL, cable) and wireless (3GPP-based, 3GPP2-based, IEEE-based) access technologies, and roaming between various operator networks. Users expect the network to originate, terminate, and maintain a session while the user is moving and roaming. Services have to be delivered to users based on serving network functionality (quality of service [QoS], bandwidth, etc.), availability, and user preferences. The network and users must be protected through various authentication, encryption, and other security mechanisms at the access, network, and application layers. Mobility has to be provided through coordinated link, network, and application layer mobility mechanisms that ensure user expectations of service performance are met. Requirements on the radio technology include improved performance as well as reduced system and device complexity. 3GPP Release 8 specifies the architecture to meet the above requirements.     

非合作定位中的WCDMA协议分析

非合作定位技术不依靠运营商网络,其定位所需的参数需要测量者自己获取。为了分析非合作定位应用在宽带码分多址（WCDMA）系统中的适应性,通过3GPP标准协议研究了在随机接入过程中携带有到达时间,到达时差,信号强度和身份识别等定位参数的载体,并且从中比较了各种定位参数提取的难易程度,比较的结果表明,到达时差相对于到达时间和信号强度可以较容易从物理随机接入信道的前缀码中提取。用户身份信息可从身份识别过程提取。