基于HOG特征与子区域模糊融合的人耳识别研究

作为一种新兴的生物特征识别技术,人耳识别具有其自身独特优势.利用局部特征信息,研究一类新型的基于梯度方向直方图的人耳身份识别方法,提出一种基于梯度方向直方图与子区域模糊融合相结合的人耳识别方案.将人耳图像划分为不同子区域,分别提取各子区域梯度方向直方图特征,引入模糊隶属度匹配融合策略,获取最终的分类结果.与多种方法的对比实验表明,基于梯度方向直方图的特征提取方法具有高识别性能,针对USTB人耳图像库3的测试实验,可达到99.75％的识别率.     

Ear recognition based on local information fusion

Ears have rich structural features that are almost invariant with increasing age and facial expression variations. Therefore ear recognition has become an effective and appealing approach to non-contact biometric recognition. This paper gives an up-to date review of research works on ear recognition. Current 2D ear recognition approaches achieve good performance in constrained environments. However the recognition performance degrades severely under pose, lighting and occlusion. This paper proposes a 2D ear recognition approach based on local information fusion to deal with ear recognition under partial occlusion. Firstly, the whole 2D image is separated to sub-windows. Then, Neighborhood Preserving Embedding is used for feature extraction on each sub-window, and we select the most discriminative sub-windows according to the recognition rate. Each sub-window corresponds to a sub-classifier. Thirdly, a sub-classifier fusion approach is used for recognition with partially occluded images. Experimental results on the USTB ear dataset and UND dataset have illustrated that using only few sub-windows we can represent the most meaningful region of the ear, and the multi-classifier model gets higher recognition rate than using the whole image for recognition.     

基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的医学 X 射线图像对比度增强算法

医学 X 射线图像是临床上应用最广泛的影像之一。由于需要采用低剂量的 X 射线进行成像,而 X 射线 图像存在一个本质的缺陷,就是低对比度。所以,在临床应用中,往往需要对图像对比度进行增强处理。根据 X 射线图像特性,文章提出了基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的 X 射线图像对比度增强算法。首 先,采用拉普拉斯高斯金字塔变换把图像分解成高频和低频的不同尺度子波段图像;然后对每塔层高频子图像应 用对比度带限的自适应直方图均衡进行处理,相应的各塔层低通子图像使用数学形态学进行增强处理;最后,各 塔层经过增强处理的高频和低频系数,通过拉普拉斯高斯金字塔的逆变换重构出对比度增强的图像。增强图像再 经全局非线性算子进行对比度的增益调整,获得自然的视觉效果。实验结果表明该算法有效地增强了医学 X 射线 图像的对比度,并通过图像对比度评价标准和对比度改进索引度量算法来分析及对比了算法的性能。     

基于2D-FFT的掌静脉图像Gabor滤波快速增强法

手掌静脉纹识别技术作为新一代高精度的生物特征识别技术,被广泛用于个人身份鉴定领域.有效提取手掌静脉特征对于手掌静脉分类至关重要.然而,由于采集到的手掌静脉图像的质量较差,必须在识别前对手掌静脉图像进行增强.使用二维离散快速傅里叶变换（2D-FFT）代替传统空域卷积滤波,实现Gabor滤波器与原图像的频域卷积滤波.实验结果显示,本文提出的增强方法,相比较传统的自适应直方图均衡化和Retinex算法具有更佳的增强效果,相比于传统Gabor空域卷积滤波具有更低的计算复杂度,更适用于实时系统.     

基于场景分类的细节保留直方图均衡算法

针对传统直方图均衡算法细节丢失和亮度饱和的问题,提出一种将场景分类和细节保留相结合的直方图均衡改进算法。利用图像的直方图特征进行场景分类,结合场景分类及图像像素点的特征对分段式直方图均衡处理方法的参数进行优化。改进后的算法复杂度仅为O(L)(L是图像的像素灰度级),既保留了直方图均衡算法计算量小的特点,又能避免传统直方图均衡的细节丢失和亮度饱和问题,还具有适用于不同场景的稳健处理效果。通过德州仪器公司DM648平台实测验证,该算法可以用于实时视频图像的增强。     

通道修正均衡化的水下图像增强算法

水中介质和微粒的影响导致光波传播衰减和散射, 在成像过程中水下图像会出现模糊和色偏等情况, 这些 水下成像退化的情况给水下的目标识别、目标跟踪、特征提取等应用带来困难. 针对以上问题, 本文提出了一种基 于通道修正均衡化的暗通道先验(CCD)水下图像增强算法: 首先是对色偏的水下图像进行通道修正均衡化, 利用直 方图强度中心做一个映射, 并将映射的三通道信息融合到限制对比度自适应直方图均衡化中, 改善了图像色偏和对 比度不足的情况; 其次是通过暗通道先验算法进行去模糊, 通过水下增强图像数据集的实验表明, CCD比现有算法 更有效地应对了水下图像成像退化问题, 取得了更好的图像质量指标; 此外, 在特征检测预处理步骤中, 本文方法能 够将检测特征点数提高约1.88倍.     

Contrast enhancement for cephalometric images using wavelet-based modified adaptive histogram equalization

Cephalometric images usually have low contrast. The existing techniques for automatic cephalometric analysis usually use histogram equalization for image enhancement. This technique has the advantage of being fully automatic and nonlinear. However, it suffers from spikes, excessive enhancement, and lack of brightness preservation. The proposed technique is an adaptive histogram equalization technique that uses wavelet based gradient histograms. This paper compares its performance with two traditional techniques, three histogram modification based techniques, and two wavelet based techniques. Forty digital and scanned cephalograms are used to conduct tests. In addition to visual histograms and intensity profiles, the proposed method is compared in terms of eight quantitative measures. The various measures are applied to analyze the results in terms of contrast enhancement (EME, CNR), brightness preservation (AMBE), edge conservation and enhancement (H, TEN), preservation of image structures and non-addition distortion (MSSIM, SVD-M). The proposed method gives good contrast enhancement, with better brightness preservation without losing edge information and with the minimum addition of distortions to the enhanced cephalometric images.     

Image contrast enhancement using fuzzy clustering with adaptive cluster parameter and sub-histogram equalization

Histogram equalization is an effective technique to boost image quality and contrast enhancement. However, in some cases the increase in image contrast by traditional histogram equalization exceeds the desired amount Which damages the image properties and wanes its natural look. Histogram division and performing a separate equalization for each sub-histogram is one of the presented solutions. The dividing method and determining the number of sub-histograms are the main problems directly affecting the output image quality. In this study, a method is introduced for automatic determination of the number of sub-histograms and density based histogram division leading to appropriate output with no need for parameter setting. Each main peak is in a separate section. Image contrast is increased with no loss of image specifications through determining the number of sub-histograms based on the number of main peaks. The introduced histogram equalization approach consists of three stages. The first stage, using histogram analysis, produces an automated estimate of number of clusters for image brightness levels. The second, clusters the image brightness levels, and using the provided transfer function, the final stage includes contrast enhancement for each individual cluster separately. The results of the proposed approach demonstrate not only clearer details along with a boost in contrast, but also noticeably more natural appearance in the images.     

基于共生矩阵的彩色图像增强算法

针对传统的直方图均衡化会使图像过分增强,产生不自然的现象,提出一种利用二维共生矩阵的彩色图像增强算法。首先,利用相邻3×3像素之间的相关性来构造共生矩阵;然后,对彩色图像中的亮度分量进行共生直方图均衡;最后,将增强后的图像进行暗原色处理得到比较理想的图像。从所提增强算法与其他3种典型的增强算法的比较可看出:所提算法不仅考虑了图像的全局与局部信息,而且降低了直方图峰值和光环效应,提高了图像对比度,有较好的增强效果。     

基于统计特征的图像直方图均衡化检测方法

直方图均衡化作为图像对比度增强技术之一,在图像恶意篡改过程中经常被作为隐藏被篡改图像强度变化的手段.本文利用图像直方图和其累积分布函数曲线,提取直方图均衡化的痕迹特征,实现直方图均衡化篡改检测.本文提出的方法首先利用图像直方图累积分布函数的变化趋势自适应地选择提取特征的灰度范围,然后在该范围内分别提取累积分布函数与恒等...     

基于Retinex理论的新型遥感图像增强算法

针对遥感图像视觉存在对比度差\,分辨率低的缺点,以及传统的Retinex算法在对图像增强时往往会出现色彩恢复不协调,呈现泛白发灰现象,提出了一种多尺度Retinex算法与直方图均衡化相结合的新型遥感图像增强算法。首先对多尺度Retinex算法进行非线性全局改进,用于增强HSV色彩空间中的V分量,然后用直方图均衡化方法对RGB空间中三分量做同步增强处理。实验结果表明:与多尺度Retinex算法相比,算法增强后图像的均值可达到127,信息熵可提高29.5%,而且算法有效地解决了图像色彩恢复不协调和泛白发灰现象。     

遥感图像理想均衡化及图像质量定量评价

大多数原始的遥感影像由于其灰度分布集中在较窄的范围内,影像的细节不够清晰,对比度较低。为了使影像的灰度范围拉开或使灰度均匀分布,从而增大反差,增强影像细节信息,通常采用的方法为直方图均衡化。通过对信息熵定义的阐述,引出直方图均衡化的图像增强算法。通过分析传统直方图均衡化算法中存在的缺陷,进而基于分段映射思想提出一种改进的理想直方图均衡化算法。同时,为了对传统算法和改进算法进行定量化地分析比较,基于同时对比度以及人类视觉对比度分辨率限制和模糊数学的相关思想,分别提出基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度和细节评价参数的定义。最后,采用同时对比度、基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度以及细节评价参数作为定量评价的指标,对所提出的改进算法进行了定量评价。评价结果表明,该改进算法的图像增强效果优于传统的直方图均衡化算法。     

Online palmprint identification

Biometrics-based personal identification is regarded as an effective method for automatically recognizing, with a high confidence, a person's identity. This paper presents a new biometric approach to online personal identification using palmprint technology. In contrast to the existing methods, our online palmprint identification system employs low-resolution palmprint images to achieve effective personal identification. The system consists of two parts: a novel device for online palmprint image acquisition and an efficient algorithm for fast palmprint recognition. A robust image coordinate system is defined to facilitate image alignment for feature extraction. In addition, a 2D Gabor phase encoding scheme is proposed for palmprint feature extraction and representation. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.     

Image Contrast Enhancement by Constrained Local Histogram Equalization

Histogram equalization is a widely used image contrast enhancement method. While global histogram equalization enhances the contrast of the whole image, local histogram equalization can enhance many image details by taking different transformation of the same gray level at different places in the original image. However, the local histogram equalization process often results in unacceptable modification of the original image appearance. In this paper, a constrained local histogram equalization method is proposed to balance the conflicting requirements: enhancement of the image details and the maintenance of the overall image appearance. Our method uses the variational form of histogram equalization so that a constraint condition, which forces the local gray level transformations to change continuously in the spatial domain, can be introduced into the equalization process. Experimental results of different kinds of images show the effect of our method.     

基于局部信息统计的人耳识别方法

提出了一种基于局部信息统计的人耳识别方法。该方法将一幅人耳图像分成若干个子区域,分别提取每个子区域的分类特征,将各个子区域的特征串联为一个特征向量构筑人耳特征矢量,更加全面描述了人耳图像的局部与结构信息,应用最近邻分类器进行模式分类。采用三种不同的特征提取方法,以USTB人耳图像库对算法进行测试,实验结果表明,与全局信息比较同种方法识别率提高30%以上,验证了局部信息方法的有效性。     

Visual impact enhancement via image histogram smoothing and continuous intensity relocation

Image contrast enhancement is a fundamental pre-processing stage in applications requiring image processing operations. Among revenues of available approaches, histogram equalization is a popular and attractive candidate method to produce resultant images of increased contrast. However, images obtained from canonical histogram equalization frequently suffer from the accompanying artefacts and give rises to uncomfortable viewing particularly in homogeneous regions. In this work, the problem is tackled using the histogram matching concept where the intensity histogram of the input image is matched to its smoothed version for contrast enhancement. Furthermore, homogeneous pixel intensities are randomly perturbed in order to reduce undesirable artefacts. The resultant image intensities are thus distributed over the available range and an increased image contrast is derived. Satisfactory results are obtained from a collection of benchmark images captured under different conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Image contrast enhancement for preserving mean brightness without losing image features

Histogram equalization is a well-known and effective technique for improving the contrast of images. However, the traditional histogram equalization (HE) method usually results in extreme contrast enhancement, which causes an unnatural look and visual artifacts of the processed image. In this paper, we propose a novel histogram equalization method that is composed of an automatic histogram separation module and an intensity transformation module. First, the proposed histogram separation module is a combination of the proposed prompt multiple thresholding procedure and an optimum peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) calculation to separate the histogram in small-scale detail. As the final step of the proposed process, the use of the intensity transformation module can enhance the image with complete brightness preservation for each generated sub-histogram. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only retains the shape features of the original histogram but also enhances the contrast effectively.     

A novel geometric feature extraction method for ear recognition

The discriminative ability of geometric features can be well supported by empirical studies in ear recognition. Recently, a number of methods have been suggested for geometric feature extraction from ear images. However, these methods usually have relatively high feature dimension or are sensitive to rotation and scale variations. In this paper, we propose a novel geometric feature extraction method to address these issues. First, our studies show that the minimum Ear Height Line (EHL) is also helpful to characterize the contour of outer helix, and the combination of maximal EHL and minimum EHL can achieve better recognition performance. Second, we further extract three ratio-based features which are robust to scale variation. Our method has the feature dimension of six, and thus is efficient in matching for real-time ear recognition. Experimental results on two popular databases, i.e. USTB subset1 and IIT Delhi, show that the proposed approach can achieve promising recognition rates of 98.33% and 99.60%, respectively.     

车载红外夜视图像的小波-遗传图像增强算法

针对传统红外图像增强算法在视觉效果上不够理想的问题,提出了一种适用于车载红外夜视图像的图像增强方法。该方法利用红外夜视仪的非接触生成热图像的原理,建立了针对车载红外夜视图像的小波-遗传灰度图像增强方法,并将该方法与传统的直方图均衡化法和多尺度Retinex算法进行了对比。在红外夜视图像增强效果方面,该方法具有改善图像亮度均匀性、避免图像过分增强和抑制噪声的特点。实验表明,所提出的小波-遗传图像增强算法在车载红外夜视图像增强方面的处理效果较好。