C/N对短程反硝化NO2--N积累特性影响及机理分析

采用间歇式批次实验,考察不同进水C/N（以COD/NO3--N计,2.0、2.5、3.3、5.0）条件下短程反硝化过程NO2--N的积累特性及影响机理。实验结果表明,以乙酸钠作为碳源,当C/N为2.0~2.5时,NO2--N转化率（NTR）随C/N的升高而升高,在C/N=2.5时,NTR达到最高值82.18%;C/N为...     

污泥厌氧水解与短程硝化反硝化耦合工艺处理低碳氮比城市污水

为处理低碳氮比城市污水,在30~35℃、不调节pH值(7.01~8.33)的条件下,通过人为添加氨氮控制游离氨浓度(25mg·L-1),在SBR中6d内成功启动了短程硝化反硝化。对比实验结果表明,短程硝化反硝化在处理低C/N比城市污水时的总氮脱除效果要优于传统的全程硝化反硝化,当反应器运行稳定后,溶解氧的浓度和高游离氨不再是影响NO2--N浓度累积的主要因素,NO2--N/NOx--N始终保持在80%以上。为了进一步提高短程硝化反硝化的脱氮效率,利用污泥厌氧水解产物替代10%进水,为反硝化阶段提供附加的部分碳源,两工艺联合后处理效果良好,出水TN平均浓度和去除率分别为13.39mg·L-1和74.9%,出水水质符合排放标准的要求。     

部分短程硝化SBR实现低C/N比生活污水碳源的充分利用

为实现低C/N比生活污水中碳源的充分利用,以部分短程硝化SBR为研究对象,通过减少进水输入碳源的量和增加反硝化利用碳源的量两方面来提高碳源利用率（反硝化利用碳源的量与总进水碳源的量的比值）,分别考察了进水量、排水比、曝气时间、沉淀时间、曝气后搅拌时间对碳源利用率的影响。结果表明,排水比由50%变为35%,碳源利用率由15.1%提高到24.8%;曝气时间由2 h增加到2.25 h,碳源利用率由24.8%提高到27.5%;曝气后增加1.5 h的搅拌过程,碳源利用率又提高了3.8%,此时出水的亚硝态氮积累率（NAR）为94.8%,NO₂^--N/NH₄⁺-N为1.7,表明了系统稳定的短程硝化效果,且能为同步厌氧氨氧化-反硝化（SAD）工艺提供更适宜的进水。通过调节以上运行参数,部分短程硝化SBR对于低C/N比生活污水的碳源利用率得以提升,节省了后期曝气去除有机物的能耗,进而削弱好氧异养菌的生长,有效避免好氧异养菌过度增殖对氨氧化菌（AOB）的冲击,维持系统稳定的短程硝化效果。     

COD/NO3--N对厌氧同时反硝化产甲烷的影响

采用间歇试验,以葡萄糖为碳源,加入不同量硝酸盐的人工配水进行不同m(COD)/m(NO3--N)下厌氧同时反硝化产甲烷研究。当m(COD)/m(NO3--N)≥7时,发生厌氧同时反硝化产甲烷反应;而m(COD)/m(NO3--N)=3或5时,反硝化不完全,未发生产甲烷过程。进一步通过与单独产甲烷体系对照,发现反硝化过程对产甲烷过程存在抑制。随着m(COD)/m(NO3--N)的增大,体系对NO3--N的去除率越高,直到100%。且发现同时反硝化产甲烷体系中,优先利用丙酸,乙酸积累,而后被利用。     

部分短程硝化SBR实现低C/N比生活污水碳源的充分利用

为实现低C/N比生活污水中碳源的充分利用,以部分短程硝化SBR为研究对象,通过减少进水输入碳源的量和增加反硝化利用碳源的量两方面来提高碳源利用率(反硝化利用碳源的量与总进水碳源的量的比值),分别考察了进水量、排水比、曝气时间、沉淀时间、曝气后搅拌时间对碳源利用率的影响。结果表明,排水比由50%变为35%,碳源利用率由15.1%提高到24.8%;曝气时间由2 h增加到2.25 h,碳源利用率由24.8%提高到27.5%;曝气后增加1.5 h的搅拌过程,碳源利用率又提高了3.8%,此时出水的亚硝态氮积累率(NAR)为94.8%,2 4NO-N/NH-N-+为1.7,表明了系统稳定的短程硝化效果,且能为同步厌氧氨氧化-反硝化(SAD)工艺提供更适宜的进水。通过调节以上运行参数,部分短程硝化SBR对于低C/N比生活污水的碳源利用率得以提升,节省了后期曝气去除有机物的能耗,进而削弱好氧异养菌的生长,有效避免好氧异养菌过度增殖对氨氧化菌(AOB)的冲击,维持系统稳定的短程硝化效果。     

聚糖菌反硝化影响因素及内碳源转化特性

在SBR反应器中以乙酸钠为碳源、NO_3~--N为电子受体成功富集了反硝化聚糖菌,并采用批次实验进一步考察了进水C/N比(3.3,6.7,10)、电子受体(NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N)、碳源类型(乙酸钠、葡萄糖)对反硝化聚糖菌活性的影响及内碳源转化特性。实验结果表明,进水C/N比越高,系统NO_x~--N去除率越高,厌氧段合成PHB越多,但进水C/N比过高会导致普通反硝化菌占优势,影响内碳源反硝化效率,进水C/N比为6.7较为合适;以NO_3~--N为电子受体长期培养的DGAOs系统未经NO_2~--N驯化,对NO_2~--N同样具有良好的反硝化性能,在投加与NO_3~--N相同浓度的NO_2~--N后,系统NO_x~--N去除率达89.6%;当以葡萄糖为碳源时,DPAOs在厌氧段合成的PHB的量仅为以乙酸钠为碳源时合成PHB量的79.5%,且厌氧段葡萄糖利用率仅为72.8%,远远小于乙酸钠的利用率。     

进水方式及水质对厌氧/缺氧系统反硝化聚磷的影响研究

采用厌氧/缺氧(A/A)SBR和人工废水,研究了不同硝酸盐投加方式下反硝化除磷的效果,探讨了进水方式以及水质对反硝化除磷的影响.结果表明,在厌氧段进水,反应器内初期形成的较高浓度磷会对聚磷菌释磷及其吸收碳源产生抑制作用.控制投加的COD量,使反应器内在厌氧段存在充足的碳源而在缺氧段时基本不残留碳源,则有利于提高除磷效果.厌氧/缺氧交替的环境,若厌氧段初始进水后反应器内初期磷浓度较高则有利于反硝化而非反硝化聚磷.     

啤酒废水同步脱氮除磷工艺影响因素研究

通过SBR短程硝化反硝化同步脱氮除磷工艺处理模拟啤酒生产综合废水,为达到稳定的COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除及NO2--N的积累,对该工艺的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,工艺的稳定运行是由进水COD、pH、DO、温度和MLSS等因素共同作用的结果,其中控制较低的DO的质量浓度(＜0.5 mg·L-1)是实现NO2--N积累的关键因素之一;过低或过高的进水pH、COD均会影响该工艺的正常运行.温度及MLSS含量会影响氨氧化过程与反硝化过程的反应速率,但不是系统稳定运行的决定因素.当DO的质量浓度为0.3～0.5 mg·L-1、进水COD低于1 100 mg· L-1、pH为7.2～8.4,在12～25℃可获得稳定的NO2--N积累.     

有机物对厌氧氨氧化的双向影响及抑制解除

以改进型UASB为反应器,采用连续试验方法,研究了不同浓度有机物对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响,并制定了通过调节亚硝态氮浓度解除厌氧氨氧化有机物抑制的方法。结果表明,当COD≤120 mg/L时,有机物对厌氧氨氧化反应产生促进作用,反之则产生抑制作用;NO2-能有效解除由于有机物引起的竞争性抑制,使厌氧氨氧化菌不受反硝化菌竞争性抑制影响的COD、NH4+-N、NO2--N投加质量比为1.6∶1∶1.92。     

生物滤池处理硝酸盐微污染地表水的效能研究

采用轻质陶粒作为生物滤池滤料处理硝酸盐微污染地表水,研究了反硝化生物滤池间歇接种挂膜法的启动速度和效果、m(C)/m(N)(m(COD)/m(NO3--N))、水力负荷和硝酸盐氮负荷对系统反硝化效能的影响。结果表明,生物滤池可以作为处理硝酸盐微污染地表水的有效手段,当外加甲醇为碳源,水温大于20℃、m(C)/m(N)>5、水力负荷为1.43m3/(m.2h)、系统NO3--N去除率可接近100%;当水温为(14±1)℃,将水力负荷提高到2.87 m3/(m2.h),系统NO3--N去除率能达到90%,NO2--N积累低于0.6 mg/L,系统对水力负荷变化显示出较强的适应性;当水温为(30±1)℃、m(C)/m(N)=6:1,随着NO3--N负荷增加时,3组试验的NO3--N去除率相近,且系统反硝化反应遵循1级反应动力学规律。     

Effect of supplying a carbon extracting solution on denitrification in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Denitrification strongly depends on the availability of carbon source in constructed wetlands (CWs). In this study, several relevant carbon source extracting solutions made from hydrolyzate of selected wetland litters were added to CWs for nitrogen removal enhancement. The feasibility of supplying a carbon extracting solution to improve potential denitrification rate in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland was deeply investigated. Combinations of different hydraulic retention time (HRT, especially for 2-day and 4-day) with different influent COD/N ratios were designed to prove the enhancement on denitrification by carbon source supplement. In addition, specific denitrification rate (SDNR) was calculated for the comparison of the nitrogen removal at different COD/N ratios. The sequential operation results on total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate (NO ₃ ^? -N) removal efficiencies were obtained in CW system with an influent COD/N ratio of 4.0. The accumulation of nitrite (NO ₂ ^? -N) was found to be closely related to the removal of NO ₃ ^? -N. Meanwhile, no obvious accumulation of NO ₂ ^? -N was found when the removal of NO ₃ ^? -N was relatively high.     

厌氧复合床处理模拟焦化废水的反硝化动力学

采用厌氧复合床(UBF)处理模拟焦化废水,进水中投加NaNO₃模拟硝化液回流,实现了同时反硝化/产甲烷,COD去除率达到94%,NO₃^--N去除率达到99%。取复合床下部污泥做反硝化动力学研究,在存在亚硝酸盐积累的情况下,以NO₃^--N+0.6NO₂^--N作为反硝化电子受体,采用双基质的Monod方程对实验数据进行拟合,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好。其次,采用双基质的Monod微分方程组对NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N的浓度变化进行拟合,得到相关参数:硝态氮的最大比降解速率和半饱和常数分别为1.13 d^-1和2.0 mg·L^-1;亚硝态氮的最大比降解速率和半饱和常数分别为0.66 d^-1和2.5 mg·L^-1,基于硝态氮和亚硝态氮的有机物半饱和常数分别为90.8 mg·L^-1和96.8 mg·L^-1。     

Evaluation of increased denitrification in an anoxic activated sludge using zeolite

Zeolite added activated sludge unit (ZU) under anoxic conditions improved nitrate removal efficiency by 48% (i.e., equivalent to approximately 10 mg//) greater than that of a conventional activated sludge unit (CU) regardless of varying C/N ratio ranging from 0 to 4.8. For a C/N ratio of 4, no significant differences of denitrification rate were found between two units showing a range of 6.7 to 6.9 mg NO ₃ ^- -N/g VSS (volatile suspended solids) hr. However, a C/N ratio decrease to 1.6 was ascribed to considerable differences in denitrification rate showing 4.15 mg NO ₃ ^- -N/g VSS ·hr for the ZU, which was 39% greater than that of the CU presenting at 2.98 mg NO ₃ ^- -N/g VSS ·hr. It was decided that the presence of greater concentration of MLVSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) in the ZU can be efficiently used for enhanced denitrification as a potential carbon source due to autolysis, although a lower concentration of COD (i.e., less than 1.6 of C/N ratio) is introduced.     

Bioaugmentation of two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor with mixed strains for high nitrate nitrogen wastewater treatment

Mixed strains Delftia sp.YH01 and Acidovorax sp.YH02, with capability of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, were introduced into a two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor to enhance NO₃⁻-N removal. With optimal C/N of 8, efficient NO₃⁻-N removal was achieved at initial NO₃⁻-N concentration of 2000 mg·L⁻¹. Meanwhile, the massive accumulation of NO₂⁻-N was avoided during the long operation. Compared to the one-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor, the removal efficiency of NO₃⁻-N and TN in the two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor was increased by 36.5% and 42.7%, which respectively was 93.8% and 88.4%. Microbial community study showed that the mixed strains have the stronger viability and can synergistically denitrify with the indigenous microorganisms in system, such as Azoarcus, Uncultured Saprospiraceae, Thauera, Paracocccus, which could be major contributors for aerobic denitrification. The proposed technology was shown to achieve high-efficiency treatment of high NO₃⁻-N wastewater through aerobic denitrification.     

亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌反硝化除磷代谢及N2O产生的影响

以乙酸钠/丙酸交替为碳源的强化生物除磷(enhance biological phosphorus removal, EBPR)系统为研究对象,母反应器内种泥在厌氧/好氧的运行条件下已培养340 d,聚磷菌富集纯度达到92%±3%,考察了不同浓度亚硝酸盐氮(44.64、70.3、94.33、112.36 mg NO₂^--N·L^-1)为电子受体对聚磷菌缺氧吸磷代谢的影响。结果表明,从未经缺氧驯化的高纯度聚磷菌也可以进行反硝化除磷代谢。在缺氧反应过程中NO₂^--N还原速率、PO₄^3--P吸收速率、PHA降解速率随着亚硝酸浓度升高呈下降趋势,但是在初始亚硝酸盐氮浓度最高为112.36 mg NO₂^--N·L^-1条件下,代谢并未停止,此时亚硝酸盐还原速率与磷酸盐吸收速率仍可以分别达到2.61 mg NO₂^--N·(g MLSS)^-1·h^-1和3.0 mg PO₄^3--P·(g MLSS)^-1·h^-1。聚磷菌在以细胞内PHA作为碳源以NO₂^--N作为电子受体反硝化除磷代谢过程中,由于初始亚硝酸盐的抑制作用使NO₂^--N还原速率大于N₂O还原速率,从而产生大量的N₂O积累。初始投加NO₂^--N浓度为44.64、70.3、94.33、112.36 mg NO₂^--N·L^-1时,产生的N₂O占TN的比例分别为63.5%、49.0%、30.2%、24.0%。在底物充足的条件下,代谢中积累的N₂O可以通过延长缺氧搅拌时间,使其转化为N₂。     

缺氧环境对颗粒污泥强化除磷系统释磷的影响

以除磷颗粒污泥为研究对象,采用批次试验,以混合丙酸和乙酸（2∶1）为外加碳源,在厌氧起始阶段投加不同浓度的NO^-₃-N（0, 20, 30, 50和75 mg·L^-1, pH=8.0）和NO^-₂-N（10,20,40和60 mg·L^-1, pH=7.0, 7.5和8.0）,研究缺氧环境对颗粒污泥强化除磷系统释磷的影响。结果表明,硝态氮的投加对聚磷菌释磷无明显抑制,系统中VFA的吸收、磷的释放和硝态氮的反硝化同时发生,挥发性脂肪酸（相似文献   

Effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on nitrogen uptake and nitrate leaching in a Eum-orthic anthrosols profile

Distribution and accumulation of NO₃-N down to 4 m depth in the soil profile of a long term fertilization experiment with organic manure and N and P chemical fertilizer were studied after 12 years, wheat and corn were planted in each year. The apparent N recovery decreased with increased N and P fertilizer. NO₃-N was mainly accumulated in 0-1.2 m depth of the soil profile with a maximum of 34 mg N kg-¹ for the treatment with 120 kg N and 26 kg P per hectare, a secondary maximum of 7.2 mg N kg-¹ was found at 3.2 m depth in the same treatment. NO₃-N accumulation in the soil profile was minimized in the trials with highest manure application. Nitrogen that was not recovered was leached as NO₃-N deeper than 4 m depth, was immobilized in the profile or was lost by denitrification. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

短程硝化颗粒污泥SBR的快速启动与维持

为探究短程硝化污泥快速颗粒化的最佳条件,采用SBR反应器,在温度28℃,曝气量0.2m3.h-1,溶解氧(DO)2.0mg·mL-1,污泥龄(SRT)为15d的运行工况下,缩短沉降时间为2min,通过以pH作为氨氧化过程的控制参数,优化曝气时间,防止过曝气,经过80周期(19d)成功实现短程硝化絮状污泥的颗粒化,并维持稳定。形成的颗粒污泥粒径在1.5～2.0mm之间,对COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到80%和95%,亚硝酸盐积累率(NO2--N/NOx--N)平均达到95%。分子生物学FISH技术对颗粒污泥菌群结构的定量分析表明,AOB依旧是优势菌群,约占17.8%左右,NOB占0.6%。曝气初期FA的抑制和实时控制是启动和维持颗粒污泥短程硝化性能的主要原因。     

Evaluation of an Integrated System for Pig Slurry Treatment

A system for pig slurry treatment, where anaerobic digestion, nitrification and denitrification have been integrated in a unique process treatment, has been investigated. This configuration allowed both removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and a decrease in nitrogen content. Strategies are reported to bring enough COD to the denitrification system. Results (90% reduction in COD, 99·8% reduction in NH₄⁺-N and 98·8% reduction in NO₃⁻N) show this process could be considered a good alternative to treat these wastes. © 1997 SCI.     

Formaldehyde biodegradation in the presence of methanol under denitrifying conditions

Simultaneous formaldehyde and methanol biodegradation and also denitrification were studied in batch assays and in a continuous laboratory‐scale reactor. In batch assays, high formaldehyde concentrations (up to 1360 mg dm^?3) were removed under anoxic conditions in the presence of methanol. It was found that formaldehyde biodegradation produced methanol and formic acid as products. The denitrification process was affected by the initial formaldehyde concentration. In the continuous reactor, the biodegradation of different concentrations of formaldehyde (1500–275 mg dm^?3) and methanol (153–871 mg dm^?3) took place, maintaining the organic loading rate at 0.84 g COD dm^?3 d^?1 (COD/N 4). However, each increase in the methanol concentration in the influent caused a decrease in the denitrification level. An adaptation period to methanol was necessary before the denitrification percentage could be recovered. In contrast with batch assays, in the continuous reactor methanol and formic acid were not detected in the effluent. Moreover, in the continuous reactor the denitrification percentages were higher and the nitrite accumulation was lower. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry