阵元失效下基于矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计

针对阵元失效下MIMO雷达目标DOA估计性能下降问题,提出一种基于虚拟阵列采样数据矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。MIMO雷达的阵元失效分为冗余虚拟阵元失效和非冗余虚拟阵元失效两种情况。当冗余虚拟阵元失效时,通过合并空间上位置相同的正常冗余虚拟阵元输出数据以实现信号降维与失效阵元数据填充。当非冗余虚拟阵元失效时,经降维填充后的数据矩阵中仍存在整行缺失数据,根据降维数据矩阵的低秩和稀疏先验,建立带低秩和稀疏约束的矩阵填充模型,并利用ALM-ADMM算法求解来恢复完整的降维数据矩阵。最后利用root-MUSIC算法估计目标DOA。仿真结果表明,本文方法能够有效提高MIMO雷达在阵元失效时的DOA估计精度。     

空间分集MIMO雷达的DOA估计新方法

多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达分布式布阵获得空间分集增益,但DOA估计是一个难题。该文分析了DOA估计的旁瓣一致现象,从空间分集MIMO雷达信号模型出发,推导了发射正交PCM信号,在接收端匹配滤波信号分选构造虚拟子阵的过程,提出了一种谱值优选算法进行空间分集MIMO雷达DOA估计。该算法得到目标在各子阵的最优估计,在发射端获得空间分集增益抑制目标闪烁的同时,在接收端进行稳健的多目标波达方向超分辨估计。最后仿真实验与相控阵进行了比较,表明了该算法的有效性,以及抑制目标闪烁改善DOA估计的能力。      

改进嵌套稀疏圆阵下基于OGSBL的DOA估计方法

针对现有基于嵌套稀疏圆阵DOA估计方法计算复杂度高、超参数无法快速选取问题,提出了一种基于改进嵌套稀疏圆阵的离格稀疏贝叶斯学习(OGSBL)方法.该方法首先将改进嵌套稀疏圆阵接收信号的协方差矩阵进行向量化处理,然后构造扩展的观测矩阵,进而结合离格模型与稀疏贝叶斯学习算法实现欠定的DOA估计.仿真实验结果表明,所提算法降...     

干涉式矢量传感器MIMO雷达的DOD/DOA和极化联合估计

该文结合干涉测量理论与简化矢量传感器多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达,提出一种干涉式矢量传感器MIMO雷达的发射方位角(DOD)、接收方位角(DOA)和极化联合估计方法。利用干涉发射阵列的长、短基线空间平移不变性采用多分辨ESPRIT算法获取DOD高精度估计值;同理,利用矢量接收阵的多分辨特性得到高精度DOA估计值;利用与阵列结构无关的极化域旋转不变性求取极化辅角和极化相位差。最后给出随机信号源模型下的闭式克拉美罗界推导。该干涉矢量MIMO阵列,可同时获取MIMO雷达的波形分集和矢量传感器的极化分集,且在不增加阵元数和硬件复杂度情况下大大扩展有效孔径,提高了角度估计精度。另外简化矢量传感器减少了传统矢量传感器的互耦效应更有利于工程实现。仿真结果证明了该文多参量估计算法的有效性。     

基于二次虚拟孔径扩展的双基地MIMO雷达相干分布式目标中心角度估计

该文提出了基于二次虚拟孔径扩展的双基地MIMO雷达相干分布式目标中心角度估计算法。首先构造了基于非均匀阵列的具有相同确定性角信号分布函数和分布参数的相干分布式目标的双基地MIMO雷达信号模型,再利用基于最小冗余的差分共置阵列思想,实现了阵元二次虚拟扩展;然后通过构造置换、去冗余和换维矩阵,得到了新的协方差矩阵;最后利用ESPRIT算法思想,估计出相干分布式目标的发射、接收中心角,并且实现了角度参数的自动配对。由于该文算法实现了阵元二次虚拟扩展,因此相比于传统MIMO雷达能识别更多的目标,具有更高的估计精度。实验仿真结果证明了该文算法的有效性。     

阵元失效下基于核范数和SCAD惩罚的MIMO雷达DOA估计

阵元失效下多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达虚拟阵列协方差矩阵出现大批整行整列元素缺失,破坏原有内在完整结构,导致波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计性能下降。为此,提出一种联合核范数和SCAD(Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation)惩罚的完整协方差矩阵重构方法,以利于阵元失效下MIMO雷达DOA的有效估计。首先对待恢复的协方差矩阵建立核范数和SCAD惩罚双先验约束模型,并利用等正弦空间稀疏化方式划分粗网格空间,在可容忍的模型误差内能大大降低运算复杂度;然后利用ALM-ADMM(Augmented Lagrange Multipliers-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers)算法对双先验约束模型进行求解,从而恢复协方差矩阵中大量整行整列的缺失数据;最后通过RD-ESPRIT(Reduced Dimensional ESPRIT)算法进行目标DOA估计。仿真结果验证该方法能快速恢复虚拟协方差矩阵中的缺失数据,从而有效...     

基于双频虚拟互质阵列的均匀稀疏阵列DOA估计算法

提出了一种利用双频工作模式解决均匀稀疏阵列波达方向角(DOA)估计的方法。对一个物理均匀稀疏阵列,引入一个合适的额外工作频率,通过优选阵元数量及阵元间距,构建一个虚拟稀疏阵列,使得虚拟阵元间距与相邻真实均匀稀疏阵列的阵元间距成互质关系;物理均匀稀疏阵列与虚拟阵列组合形成一个自由度更高的虚拟互质阵列,将两个频率的接收信号对应合并后进行相关处理,得到虚拟互质阵列的阵列流形相关矩阵;基于相关间隔与差协同阵阵元位置的一一对应关系,对虚拟相关矩阵进行矩阵增广实现DOA估计,能够获得更高的自由度,突破物理阵元数目对最大可分辨信源数目的限制。基于MUSIC 算法的仿真结果验证了算法的可行性。     

基于张量分解的互质阵MIMO雷达目标多参数估计方法

该文提出了一种基于双基地互质阵列(CPA)多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的多目标波离方向角(DOD)、波达方向角(DOA)和多普勒频率估计算法。收发阵列各由两个满足互质结构的稀疏均匀子线阵组成。时域的快拍序列同样由两个互质的稀疏均匀采样构成。算法利用张量因子分解得到分别包含DOD, DOA和多普勒频率信息的3个流形矩阵,再从中构造出具有范德蒙德矩阵结构的虚拟流形矩阵。为了提高估计精度,还提出了一种基于特征值分解的误差抑制算法,并通过旋转不变子空间算法(ESPRIT)求取各目标的3个待估参数。与传统算法相比,该算法通过构造均匀虚拟阵列和虚拟快拍提高参数估计性能,且不会产生模糊,避免了谱峰搜索和额外的配对过程。仿真实验验证了该算法有效性。     

基于协方差矩阵重构的阵元失效MIMO雷达DOA估计

在实际应用中由于恶劣环境或人为干扰等因素而导致多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达部分阵元失效,使得其接收数据缺失及其协方差矩阵秩亏,从而导致子空间类算法的波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计性能恶化甚至完全失效。针对上述问题,提出了一种接收阵元失效下基于协方差矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。该方法根据MIMO雷达协方差矩阵中以接收阵元数划分的子方块矩阵具有Toeplitz特性,利用正常工作接收阵元的协方差矩阵元素来恢复相应的缺失元素,从而重构出完整的数据协方差矩阵,提高阵元失效MIMO雷达的DOA估计性能。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于互质阵列的阵元排布优化方法

相比于传统的线性均匀阵列,稀疏互质阵列提供了更多的自由度,但是稀疏阵列对应的差分阵列中的孔洞影响了DOA估计的性能。为了解决这个问题,该文提出了两种基于互质阵列的稀疏阵列优化方法,减少了差分阵列孔洞数量。首先,对标准互质阵列的虚拟阵列排列进行了分析,发现移除0位置阵元后,阵列可分辨信源数没有发生变化。因此,该文将这个阵元移动到了新的位置,以优化阵列设计,并且推导出两种提出的阵列虚拟阵列最大连续部分和自由度的数学表达式。仿真结果表明,两种阵列在DOA估计方面和均方根误差方面均优于标准互质阵列,具有比较优越的性能。     

DOA estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array is studied, and an algorithm based on extended unitary root multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed. The nested MIMO radar utilizes sparse transmit array and velocity receive array with nested inter-element distances, which can make the final virtual array to be a long and sparse velocity sensor array. After exploiting unitary transformation to transform the data into real-valued one, an extended root MUSIC based method is developed to decompose the angle estimation into high-resolution but ambiguous and low-resolution but unambiguous DOA estimations, which are automatically paired. Thereafter, the ambiguous estimation is used to recover all possible DOAs, and the unambiguous DOA estimation is used as a reference to resolve the estimation ambiguity problem. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed algorithm requires no peak search, maintains larger aperture and achieves better DOA estimation performance. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.     

Joint parameter estimation of DOD/DOA/polarization for bistatic MIMO radar

In the paper,polarization-sensitive array is exploited at the receiver of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar system,a novel method is proposed for joint estimation of direction of departure (DOD),direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters for bistatic MIMO radars. A signal model of polarimetric MIMO radar is developed,and the multi-parameter estimation algorithm for target localization is described by exploiting polarization array processing and the invariance property in both transmitter array and receiver array. By making use of polarization diversity techniques,the proposed method has advantages over traditional localization algorithms for bistatic MIMO radar. Simulations show that the performance of DOD and DOA estimation is greatly enhanced when different states of polarization of echoes is fully utilized. Especially,when two targets are closely spaced and cannot be well separated in spatial domain,the estimation resolution of traditional algorithms will be greatly degraded. While the proposed algorithm can work well and achieve high-resolution identification and accurate localization of multiple targets.     

基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计

多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达在阵元故障时虚拟阵列输出数据矩阵会出现大量的整行数据丢失,由于阵列接收数据矩阵的不完整而导致对波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)的估计性能恶化。大多数低秩矩阵填充算法要求缺失数据随机分布于不完整的矩阵中,无法适用于整行缺失数据的恢复问题。为此,提出了一种基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。首先,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)降低虚拟阵列输出矩阵的维度,以减少计算复杂度。然后,对降维数据矩阵建立基于块Hankel矩阵正则化的低秩矩阵填充模型,在该模型中将MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵排列成块Hankel 矩阵并施加Schatten-p 范数作为正则项。最后,结合交替方向乘子法(Alternate Direction Multiplier Method,ADMM)求解该模型,获得完整的MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效恢复降维数据矩阵中的整行数据缺失,具有较高的DOA估计精度和实时性,在阵元故障率低于50.0%时DOA估计精度优于现有方法。     

MIMO雷达非均匀布阵的性能分析

多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达是一种新体制雷达,它在发射端发射正交信号,从而产生虚拟阵元,扩大阵列孔径,在DOA估计、参数识别等方面的性能较相控阵雷达有很大提高。而目前有关MIMO雷达中虚拟阵元的讨论都以均匀线阵（ULA）为基础,并与相控阵雷达的性能进行比较。丈中在ULA的基础上,研究了非均匀线阵（NLA）,研究结果表明,非均匀线阵产生了更多的有效虚拟阵元,与相控阵雷达和ULA布阵MIMO雷达相比．具有更多的空间自由度、更好的克拉关·罗界和更好的DOA性能。     

基于MIMO技术的二维波达方向估计

传统的L型阵相比面阵精简了阵列结构,以较少的阵元实现二维波达方向估计,但是波达方向估计性能受到物理孔径限制。本文将MIMO技术和L型阵结合,提出一种基于MIMO技术的L型阵二维波达方向估计方法。该方法通过MIMO等效虚拟阵列原理,将L型阵等效为一矩形平面阵列,然后在等效矩形阵列的基础上,采用MUSIC进行二维波达方向估计,以L型阵的物理孔径实现矩形平面阵列的估计性能。本文推导了二维波达方向估计的CRB,计算机仿真实验证实了所提方法的有效性。      

基于阵列流型盲辨识的MIMO雷达二维DOD和二维DOA联合估计

MIMO（Multiple Input Multiple Output）雷达基于分集增益理念,使其相对于相控阵雷达,在目标探测、参数测量、多目标分辨及干扰识别和抑制等方面具有明显优势.目标角度估计是雷达目标参数测量的核心内容,也是雷达对空域目标进行定位和跟踪的前提.本文基于双L型阵列,提出了一种高精度低复杂度的双基地MIMO雷达二维离开角和二维到达角联合估计的新算法.通过对匹配滤波后的阵列接收数据进行子空间分解,实现了阵列流形矩阵的盲辨识,进而获得目标二维到达角和二维离开角的闭式解.所提算法估得的收发四维角（二维离开角和二维到达角）能够自动配对,与2-D ESPRIT（Two Dimensional Estimating Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques）算法相比,运算复杂度约是其三分之一,角估计性能相当.仿真实验证明了所提算法以较低的运算复杂度,实现了对目标收发四维角的高精度联合估计.     

DOD and DOA estimation using the spatial smoothing in MIMO radar with the EmV sensors

This paper deals with the directions of departure (DOD) and directions of arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent and noncoherent targets in bistatic MIMO radar with the electromagnetic vector (EmV) sensors. The high-resolution eigenspace-based methods such as, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), multiple signal classification, etc., fails to estimate DOD and DOA of fully or partially correlated targets. In order to employ these methods, a new pre-processing method is developed based on the spatial smoothing in MIMO radar with the EmV sensors. Then, the directions are estimated using the ESPRIT algorithm. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to investigate the estimation-accuracy and resolution-capability of the proposed approach, and to compare with no pre-processing and the existing method. The simulation result shows that, the proposed methodology improves the performance significantly.     

DOD and DOA estimation in bistatic MIMO radar for nested and coprime array with closed-form DOF

It is well known that sparse array can offer better angle resolution than that of uniform linear array (ULA) in the same number of physical sensors. But in bistatic minimum redundancy sparse array multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar, it cannot offer closed-form degree of freedom (DOF) for the arbitrary number of sensors with direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation. Therefore, this article introduces a nested array and coprime array into sparse array to solve the problem. First, construct no holes difference-coarray by extracting specified covariance matrix elements. Then, transform the difference-coarray into ULA within bistatic MIMO radar through some mathematical operations. As a result, many angle estimation methods for traditional ULA can be applied to the sparse bistatic MIMO array radar. The proposed algorithm offers closed-form DOFs for sparse array and the array aperture is much larger than that of ULA with identical number of sensors. The usefulness of the proposed methods is verified through computer simulations.     

Sum and difference coarray based MIMO radar array optimization with its application for DOA estimation

Based on the sum and difference coarrays, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with minimum redundancy (MR) concept, referred to as MR MIMO, can considerably increase the spatial degrees of freedom (DOFs). However, traditional MR MIMO needs computational search to determine the position of each element. In this paper, a modified MR monostatic MIMO configuration is proposed, referred to as MMRM MIMO. In the proposed system, the MMRM MIMO radar is consisted of several levels of uniform linear array, which brings the advantage that the position of each element can be determined without computational search. Furthermore, it offers more than \(N^{2}\) DOFs for an N-elemental array. In order to utilize the extended DOFs of MMRM MIMO radar for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, an average Toeplitz approximation method (TAM) is employed, which achieves robust performance even under low signal-to-noise ratio, few snapshots and array error. Numerous simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for DOA estimation.     

双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的DOA和DOD估计方法

结合分布式阵列和双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达的特点, 提出了一种新的双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的接收角(Direction of Arrival, DOA)和发射角(Direction of Departure, DOD)估计方法.根据发射阵列和接收阵列的空域旋转不变特性, 利用旋转不变估计技术(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques, ESPRIT)获取无模糊DOA粗估计和高精度周期性模糊的DOA、DOD精估计; 再利用无模糊DOA粗估计、目标的双基地距离信息以及双基地MIMO雷达的几何特点, 解除DOA、DOD精估计的周期性模糊, 得到高精度且无模糊的DOA和DOD估计.最后, 根据ESPRIT算法原理和估计误差的概率统计特性进行算法的性能分析, 给出算法基线模糊门限的近似计算方法.该算法有效地放宽了发射阵列孔径扩展程度的限制, 从而提高了阵列在大孔径下的角度估计精度, 且能够实现DOA和DOD估计的自动配对.仿真结果验证了所提算法和性能分析方法的有效性.