“互联网+”背景下的服务型制造企业变革

从理论视角、研究方法与研究结论等方面梳理了对服务型制造驱动的制造企业管理模式变革研究的进展与存在的不足。讨论了"互联网+"背景下技术变革对服务型制造的影响。融合管理模式变革与技术变革,提出了以智能化、平台化和网络化为导向的企业变革演进路径。通过数据验证了管理模式变革、技术变革及其交互作用可以提升服务型制造企业的绩效。构建了"互联网+"背景下服务型制造企业变革的研究框架,提出了未来的服务型制造企业变革的研究展望。     

节能降耗设计、制造、管理一体化MES发展趋势

作为企业，最重要的是获取利益最大化，但是获得利益要受到约束．一个约束来自于市场．另外一个约束来自于环保和资源效益。在这样的约束条件下，要确定产品产量、消耗成本与综合生产指标。把综合生产指标变成每个班所能执行的指标．工艺部门把它变成工艺指标，工艺指标通过操作班把它变成控制回路设定值。这样过程控制系统按照各种值完成了生产从进来到出去全过程。按职能来划分可分为．计划层、指令层和工艺优化层。     

[服务型制造规划和实施]“互联网+”背景下的服务型制造企业变革

从理论视角、研究方法与研究结论等方面梳理了对服务型制造驱动的制造企业管理模式变革研究的进展与存在的不足。讨论了“互联网+”背景下技术变革对服务型制造的影响。融合管理模式变革与技术变革,提出了以智能化、平台化和网络化为导向的企业变革演进路径。通过数据验证了管理模式变革、技术变革及其交互作用可以提升服务型制造企业的绩效。构建了“互联网+”背景下服务型制造企业变革的研究框架,提出了未来的服务型制造企业变革的研究展望。     

并联机床运动仿真与运动学分析的新方法

为了不建立数学模型完成并联机床机构的运动仿真和运动学分析，提出综合利用CAD软件所具有的装配约束和尺寸驱动功能实现运动仿真和运动学分析的方法。给定刀具位置与姿态的驱动尺寸和杆件长度的被驱动尺寸，在装配约束作用下驱动尺寸带动整个机构运动，实现运动仿真，记录杆件长度的被驱动尺寸，得到杆长的值。用Matlab软件拟合杆长数据，得到刀具位姿（驱动尺寸）与每个杆长值（被驱动尺寸）的拟合曲线和拟合方程，求解了杆件的速度和加速度方程。计算机模拟结果表明，并联机床运动仿真与运动学分析方法简捷直观，速度快，求解精度高，可完成其他多自由度并联机构的运动仿真和运动学分析，是并联机构的运动仿真和运动学分析的有效工具。     

诚信是企业立足的根本

诚信是一个人的立身之本，也是一个企业的立市之本。诚信的意义不仅在于一笔交易的成败赚赔，更在于它标志着一个企业的品质。在社会主义市场经济条件下，尤其如此。     

基于图论的几何约束系统的求解策略研究

约束求解是参数化设计与机构分析中的关键技术，数值求解是最直接的约束求解方法，但效率低，不稳定。本文利用约束网络图（GCG图）进行约束系统的表达，并提出了约束风暴法和归约图法用于约束系统的求解，避免了对数学方程的大规模数值求解，在求解时间和效率上具有明显的优势，最后把约束求解应用于特征造型中的草图参数化驱动。     

智能化和自动化成为助推包装机械市场发展的新引擎

众所周知，包装是企业生产中最后一道工序，也是关系到企业经济效益的重要工序，因此优质的包装机械对于企业来说是至关重要的。随着控制与驱动技术、伺服技术以及数字化理念的介入，包装机械市场已经经历了多轮变革。作为国民经济许多领域的配套产业，包装机械行业受益于其他行业的繁荣，     

国外行业协会概况

在市场经济体制非常完善的国家,行业协会在管理成员企业上的作用甚至超过了政府。国外协会在管理经济中的角色因不同国家不同行业而有所差别,但其宗旨和职能基本一致,都是代表成员企业利益,在企业之间、企业与政府之间在发挥“桥梁”和“纽带”作用的民间组织,行政上不受政府约束,但有义务向政府提供行业的有关情况,向协会成员在贯政府的方针政策,并要求成员企业执行政府所作出的决策。协会虽然是一个民间组织,只代表全体会员的利益,在行政上不受政府约束,甚至当政府决策损害企业利益的时候,协会还要与政府针锋相对。但协会也在…     

网络化制造环境下面向定单制造的供应链构建

阐述了在网络化制造环境下，定单驱动型企业构建供应链的步骤。提出考虑能力、时间约束的供应商选择评价方法，从网络化制造平台获取供应商数据信息，将这些信息作为供应链优化模型的输入，以实现交货期最短、成本最低的优化目标。     

加强会计诚信建设 提高会计职业道德水平

目前，我国会计诚信缺失和会计人员职业道德意识薄弱，已严重损害了国家和社会公众利益。文章从加强会计诚信与会计职业道德建设的必要性着手，分析了会计诚信缺失和会计人员职业道德的现状，并说明其原因，提出相应的对策。     

山区铁路钢轨磨损情况调查与防治技术试验研究

介绍了对实际线路钢轨现状调查的结果:随着我国五次铁路提速,铁路的超负荷运行,加上路线等原因导致铁路钢轨磨损严重．通过制定相应的抗磨损措施并进行实践操作,在对比分析基础上,得出机车合理轮缘喷脂间距能有效减缓钢轨鱼鳞伤损的发生和发展,提高钢轨防断能力,在此基础上提出适合我国山区铁路的抗磨损方法和保养措施．结论对我国铁路钢轨的养护具有参考价值．     

卷烟中铅和镉的测定及评价

目的：选择某种品牌卷烟6种产品,分别进行测定卷烟中铅和镉的含量。方法：这两种重金属污染物采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定。结果：这6种卷烟中铅的质量浓度分别为4.2591ug/g、3.4663ug/g、4.0298ug/g、4.5284ug/g、4.0750ug/g、2.9540ug/g;镉的质量浓度分别为0.0867ug/g、0.0667ug/g、0.0741ug/g、0.0821ug/g、0.0763ug/g、0.0716ug/g。结论：卷烟中的铅和镉的质量浓度都未超过这两种重金属引起机体损伤的阈值浓度,但长期吸烟接触会对机体产生确定性的损伤效应。     

论科技与艺术的关系及作用

科学技术的快速发展,促使整个世界发生了天翻地覆的变化,其中,也包括了我们传统和现代意义上的艺术,在科学与艺术迅猛发展的新的历史时期,科学与艺术两种完全不同的思维方式正在进行激烈的碰撞,相互影响,相互融合。科技对艺术有着和谐的,相互促进的关系,但也有着不可调和的矛盾。科技也促使艺术渐渐的脱离了传统的审美标准,变得越来越功利化,机械化。     

森林火灾与气象因子关系及其预防

由于黑河地区特殊的地理环境,一般年份在春秋两季的气象条件下,易导致森林火灾发生。通过多年的观测分析发现,降水、温度、湿度和风力（速）等气象因子是影响火灾发生的重要条件。利用人工增雨改善森林外部环境,可避免或减小火森林灾的发生。     

Comparison of the effects of the lubricant-molecule chain length and the viscosity on the friction and wear of diamond-like-carbon coatings and steel

For steel contacts it is usual for the longer molecular chain lengths of saturated linear hydrocarbons and their acids and alcohols to reduce the coefficient of friction in the boundary-lubrication regime. However, the effect of these lubricant properties on DLC contacts is still unknown. Since the boundary-lubrication mechanisms between DLC coatings and conventional additives do not appear to be as effective as with metals, other potential mechanisms, even though based on weaker interactions or the oil's physical and rheological properties, may thus be very relevant. In this study we focus on the influence of the base oil's chain length and viscosity on the friction and wear in DLC/DLC contacts, and we compare this behaviour with conventional steel/steel contacts, using several simple linear hydrocarbons, i.e., alkanes, and complex branched hydrocarbons, i.e., polyalphaolefins. The results show that in both the steel/steel and DLC/DLC contacts the wear decreases with a longer molecular chain length and a higher viscosity of the oil. However, in DLC/DLC contacts the coefficient of friction increases when oil with a longer molecular chain length or a higher viscosity is used, and decreases with the lower oil viscosity and shorter chain lengths, which is just the opposite to conventional steel/steel behaviour. These results are analysed and discussed in view of lubricant cohesive energy, surface tension, shear strength, viscosity and chain length.     

Lubricants and the environment

About 1% of the total mineral oil consumption is used to formulate lubricants.Everywhere the production, application, and disposal of lubricants has to cover the requirements of the best possible protection of our nature and the environment in general and of the living beings in special. Often health hazards do not follow the direct way to human beings, more often they follow indirect routes through our environment.For all cases of direct contact between lubricants on one side and human beings and the nature on the other side the compatability has to be checked. The gaining necessity for environmental compatability tests has to be understood by all those who are working in the fields of production, application, and disposal of lubricants.Simplified it can be stated that health hazards and water hazards have to be minimized. Using the three examples Coolants and Metal Working Lubricants, Engine Oils, and Fast Biodegradable Lubricants and Operational Fluids some of the most important aspects of the impairment of the environment will be discussed.     

基于行人下腿部与汽车保险杠的碰撞研究及优化设计

交通事故中当汽车与行人发生碰撞时,下腿部易受到骨折甚至更严重的伤害.所以行人保护受到越来越多的关注.各大汽车厂商和研究机构也在自身的产品开发中考虑对行人保护的改善.介绍了行人保护法规内容要求和实验要求,并采用仿真方法,建立了行人下腿部撞击器与保险杠碰撞的有限元模型,分析了腿部与保险杠的撞击响应,得到了行人腿部与保险杠相撞时的加速度、弯曲角度、剪切位移等参数,并通过调整保险杠的造型以及保险杠发泡和蒙皮刚度改善车辆前部对下腿部的影响,从而改进对行人腿部碰撞的伤害.     

金属电器底盒成型分析及模具设计

介绍了一款金属电器底盒的结构特征及使用成型需求,从解决生产成型过程中的重点和难点出发,详细地论述了电器底盒成型时每个工序模具的生产过程及模具结构特征.电器底盒的冲压成型共采用了冲孔压型、落料翻孔、切舌和耳括成型、侧面形成、压型等工艺,与之配套地使用了五副冲压成型模具进行形成加工.各生产工艺分布合理,配套模具结构简单,构思新颖巧妙,所需生产辅助工序少,便于以流水线的形式进行生产,具有一定的创新和推广借鉴应用价值.     

Manufacturing and the environment

The Industrial Revolution transformed society and its interaction with the environment, increasing the use of natural resources and the pace of development of new products and processes. This has left permanent changes in the structure of society and also on the earth through depletion of resources, alteration of natural habitats and pollution from unwanted byproducts of the production process and discarded products at the end of their useful life. Recently, concern for the environment has led manufacturing industry to take a proactive role in the development of cleaner manufacturing processes and the design of recyclable products. The goal is sustainable development, where the waste from one process becomes the raw material for another in a large cycle which imitates the natural food chain.This paper outlines the requirements for such sustainable development, and gives an example of the elimination of unwanted by-product through the use of dry cutting.     

Mapping of the morphological and the material characteristics on the glenoid and estimation of predominant loading condition on the glenoid through the mapping

The aim of this study was to predict and map the regional distribution of the trabecular architecture and the material properties of the glenoid and to estimate the predominant loading condition on the glenoid through the mapping. The morphological and material characteristics of the glenoid were investigated by analyzing digitized trabecular bone images obtained from twelve cadaver scapula specimens. The morphological and material characteristics computed from the cadaver specimens show that the predominant loading on the glenoid generally occurs during shoulder movement, which produces forces directed toward the posterior aspect of the bare region. This study is innovative in its detailed mapping of the morphological and material characteristics of the glenoid and its pioneering approach used to estimate the loading pattern acting on the glenoid through the mapping. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Young Eun Kim Dohyung Lim received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Biomedical Engineering from Inje University, Kimhae, Korea, in 1998 and 2000, respectively. He then went on to receive his Ph.D. degree from School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2004. Dr. Lim completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA and a Research Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea. Dr. Lim is currently a Senior Researcher at the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology in Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea. Han-Sung Kim received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Machine Design and Production Engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, in 1989 and 1991, respectively. Dr. Kim received Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK, in 1999. Dr. Kim is currently an Associated Professor at the Biomedical Engineering at Yonsei University in Wonju, Korea. Jung-Sung Kim received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Biomedical Engineering from Inje University, Kimhae, Korea, in 1996 and 1998, respectively. He is currently in the doctor’s course in Department of Medical Engineering and BK 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Rami Seliktar has a BS and MS degree in Mechanical Engineering, from The Technion, IIT, and Ph.D. (BME) from Strathclyde University, Scotland. He has held academic appointments in several institutions worldwide: Strathclyde University (2yrs.); associate professor at the Technion (9yrs.); Texas A&M (on sabbatical leave from the Technion), and twenty seven years as professor of BME and ME at Drexel University in Philadelphia. Concurrently he founded and directed a Biomechanics laboratory at the Loewenstein Rehab. in Israel and consulted to governments, public agencies and industries. Prof. Seliktar has done research on limb prosthetics, human performance, orthopedic and occupational biomechanics, assistive technology for automomobil dynamics. His research has been funded by: The NSF, NIH, the RWJ Foundation, the Easter Seal Foundation, NIDRR, AIduPont, the United Cerebral Palsy and some hospitals. He has published numerous articles in scientific journals, book chapters and conference proceedings. At the present, Rami Seliktar is Professor and Vice Director of the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems of Drexel University. Sung-Jae Lee received B.S. and M.Eng. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, in 1984 and 1985, respectively. He re-ceived Ph.D. degree in Biomedical Engineering from University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA, in 1993 Dr. Lee is currently a Professor at Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyongnam, Korea. He is currently serving as a board member for the Division for Health Care Technology Assessment of International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), a executive member of Korean Orthopedic Research Society, director of international relations for the Korean Society for Biomaterials and also for the Korean Society of Biomechanics.