沙河王快水库水质分析与评价

王快水库是河北省直管的一座大型水库,担负着北京、保定和沧州的生活应急供水任务,其水质状况至关重要.该文利用河北省保定水源环境监测中心近几年来在库区的水质监测资料,对库区水质状况进行评价分析,通过对评价结果分析,水库水质逐渐变好,主要原因是上游污染源得到治理及水土保持工作大见成效.通过对王快水库水质评价和趋势分析,为水库...     

沙河王快水库水质分析与评价

王快水库是河北省直管的一座大型水库,担负着北京、保定和沧州的生活应急供水任务,其水质状况至关重要。该文利用河北省保定水源环境监测中心近几年来在库区的水质监测资料,对库区水质状况进行评价分析,通过对评价结果分析,水库水质逐渐变好,主要原因是上游污染源得到治理及水土保持工作大见成效。通过对王快水库水质评价和趋势分析,为水库供水提供科学依据。     

Water Crisis

Abstract

Water crisis was not considered seriously at the Dublin and Rio conferences. It was put on the world agenda primarily by the Stockholm Water Symposia. Water management is likely to change more during the next twenty years compared to the past 2,000 years. The paper reviews the global water situtation based on the latest data available. In terms of water availability, it concludes that one can now be cautiously optimistic of the global water future. If there is to be a crisis, it is likely to be for two reasons: water quality and lack of investments. Neither of these two issues are receiving adquate attention at present. The roles IWRA can play in the future are briefly outlined.     

东江源区地表水环境质量变化趋势分析与对策

根据江西省赣州市水环境监测中心的实测资料分析,运用季节性肯达尔检验方法,分析了东江源区地表水环境变化趋势,提出相应的解决对策.     

水质评价分析在地表水水质数据库系统的实现

水质评价是水资源保护及管理的重要组成部分,也是水资源管理机构业务流程的一项重要工作。通过充分利用历史数据,形成多类统计分析报表和图形,用于指导各项业务,是各级水资源管理机构的重要技术手段。结合江苏省水文局 “地表水水质数据库管理系统”应用开发建设的具体实践,分析了多测点、多参数、不同时期、多模式的评价分析模块功能及数据信息处理的方法。经过实际应用,基本实现水质评价的自动化,提高了水质评价的工作效率。     

宜昌市黄柏河水源水质动态监测分析

根据宜昌市水资源水环境监测中心 1997年所得的河流和主要排污口的监测结果 ,应用地图重叠法、综合污染指数法、有机污染综合评价法对该市黄柏河水源水质进行了分析和评价 ,计算了流域内汤渡河水库上游段主要污染物的纳污负荷量、水环境容量和应削减负荷量 ,并针对宜昌市城市发展状况对未来 2 0 10年的水环境容量进行了预测 ,提出了保护黄柏河水源的具体措施     

Addressing the Global Water and Environment Crises through Integrated Approaches to the Management of Land,Water and Ecological Resources

Abstract

As the world approaches the 30-year anniversary of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment and prepares to review progress made in the decade since Dublin and Rio, we are confronted with results that are mostly disappointing. When it comes to addressing the water resources crisis, the 1990s may well be remembered as a decade of debate rather than action. Recent assessments suggest a doubling to almost two-thirds of the world's population experiencing some water stress by 2025 and increased demands to withdraw more water for a new “green revolution” for irrigated agriculture. Both of these will accelerate environmental degradation to a new crisis level while the existing degradation that resulted from the first “green revolution” still awaits remedial action both in the North as well as in the South. It is now clear that the global water crisis and the global environment crisis are linked and are being exacerbated by unprecedented global pressure resulting from over-consumption, population growth, globalization of economic systems and trade, reduction in development assistance, and failure to enact necessary policy, legal, and institutional reforms. This article makes the case that the traditional sector-by-sector approach to economic development is a key contributor to the two global crises. Lessons of experience are presented on policy, legal, and institutional reforms necessary to address the inter-linked crises through integrated approaches to managing land and water resources and their biological diversity. Water pricing reforms, reductions in damaging subsidies, land tenure reforms, community participation, and institutional reforms are necessary. There is a need to build upon the linkages and synergies among the three Rio conventions (climate, biodiversity, and desertification) in order to create new global driving forces for actions to address the crises holistically in the context of a country's national sustainable development strategy. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) and its implementing agencies stand ready with incremental cost grant financing to assist countries willing to undertake the reforms for integrated basin management of land, water and biological resources as they transition towards sustainable development     

天津滨海新区水库水质状况分析

通过现场采样与室内分析,获取了滨海新区水库水质数据,采用综合指数法对滨海新区各水库富营养化进行了评价。结果显示,滨海新区营城水库出现了轻度富营养,其余各水库均为中营养;沙井子水库、营城水库、钱圈水库的个别指标超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)IV类水质标准,北大港水库及北塘水库超过地表水III类水质标准;作为未来天津水源地之一的北大港水库的总磷、总氮、化学需氧量等指标均超过饮用水水质标准,因此急需采取必要的水质净化措施。     

庙宫水库水环境状况及成因分析

庙宫水库是承德市的一座大型水库,按照《河北省水功能区划》和《承德市水资源保护规划》要求,已被列入饮用水源区加以保护,但近年来庙宫水库的水环境状况不容乐观。本文利用庙宫水库及其入库支流多年的水质资料对水环境状况进行了分析,并对其产生的原因进行了论述。     

Statistical assessment of water quality seasonality in large tropical reservoirs

A statistical assessment was used to assess if a tropical reservoir had reached a stable condition, permitting the use of water quality models to predict the water quality dynamics of a water system under different climatic or management scenarios. This approach was applied to Aguamilpa Reservoir in western Mexico, one of the largest tropical reservoirs in the world. Water quality data collected by the National Water Commission, and hydrological and climatic data from the Federal Electricity Commission from the period of January 2000 to December 2007 served as the data base. Time‐series analysis identified three distinct homogeneous seasonal groups: (i) warm dry season, (ii) rainy season and (iii) cold dry season. The seasonal responses of water quality parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids concentration, biochemical oxygen demand and total coliforms) were demonstrated through analysis of variance of the principal components.     

乌苏市地表水质量评价

本文分析了新疆塔城地区乌苏市地表水水质状况。通过河流水质资料从矿化度、总硬度、高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、挥发酚等参数分析反应其变化趋势,分析其水质现状。从而判定乌苏地表水是否符合国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)的Ⅲ类标准,是否可以满足生活、工业用水、农田灌概以及渔业养殖等多种用途的水质要求。结果表明,新疆塔城地区乌苏市地表水水质现状为Ⅰ―Ⅲ类,符合国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)的Ⅲ类标准。     

浅析西北内陆典型湖库水生态现状特征

根据水利部《开展2011年西部地区典型湖库生态调研》技术要求,首次由甘肃省水环境监测中心与黄河流域水环境监测中心技术人员组成联合调查组,确定调研技术路线和方法;选定甘肃省境内的大苏干湖、刘家峡水库、尕海、天池等4个湖库作为西北内陆代表典型湖库;现场采取代表水样14个,并获取其相关基本信息资料;依据国家标准和规范进行水质检测、评价与特征分析;得出了西北内陆典型湖库现状水质为Ⅲ类至劣Ⅴ类,水体营养状态为中营养至富营养等现状特征.     

江南运河苏浙边界十年水质评价

引入目标差值率,对密切值法进行改进,详细阐述其原理和计算步骤;将其应用于江南运河苏浙边界1997~2006年的水质评价,并参照地表水环境质量Ⅱ~Ⅴ类水标准,对污染程度进行了排序。结果表明,江南运河苏浙边界十年水质均未达到Ⅲ类水标准,其中1997~1999年、2001~2002年的水质标准维持在Ⅲ~Ⅳ类之间,2000年、2003~2006年的水质维持在Ⅳ~Ⅴ类水之间。     

国外地表水水质指数评价法综述

讨论了水质指数的发展历程,介绍了国外几种比较成熟、应用比较广泛的水质指数,包括它们的背景和应用领域,以期为我国的地表水质量评价提供参考。综合评价已有的水质评价指数及其应用情况,认为加拿大环境部长理事会水质指数(CCMEWQI)法是一种值得推荐使用的水质评价方法,建议以此方法为基础,建立适合我国的水源地水质指数评价方法。     

Looking Ahead: Water,Life and the Environment in the Twenty-first Century

This paper establishes the broad context for the research results reported in this special volume. It explores some of the broad technical, social, and economic forces that will influence water management and demand and supply of water in the twenty-first century. IWMI's work will contribute to a broader global effort, preparing a "Vision for Water, Life and the Environment in the Twenty-first Century", launched recently by the World Water Council. The world will have to go beyond the application of current thinking and creatively apply combinations of new technologies with principles like participation, devolution of authority, and pricing to cope with water scarcity equitably and effectively.     

古北口水文站水质水量自动监测系统的应用分析

介绍了古北口水质水量监测站水量水质自动测报系统的水量监测情况，水质监测的工作流程、监测参数、监测范围及维护方法，通过实测数据分析了自动与实验室监测的差别及原因，对比水量水质自动监测中的优缺点，提出了自动监测站应注意的几个问题。古北口水质自动监测站的建成在提高站点水质信息采集的时效性，及时发现监测河段水污染事故等方面发挥了作用，为水环境管理、水资源利用等提供了决策依据。     

建设水资源实时监控管理系统：水利现代化的技术方向

水资源优化配置水资源管理的重点，而水资源实时监控管理系统在水资源优化配置中又具有举足轻重的作用。水资源实时监控管理系统由数据库、模型库、知识库、在线数据采集子系统、综合信息管理子系统、综合分析与决策支持子系统、实时控制管理系统等组成。     

南水北调中线工程典型渠段一维水动力水质模拟与预测

为了研究南水北调中线工程复杂水工建筑物影响下的水流特性以及对污染物在渠道内输移、衰减过程的影响,保证输水过程中的水质安全,分析了突发性污染事故潜在污染源特征,构建了南水北调中线工程典型输水渠段的一维水动力水质模型,模拟倒虹吸、节制闸、涵洞、隧洞、渡槽、公路桥 6 种水工建筑物影响下输水渠道内的水流特性,采用七里庄断面实测水位、流量、水质( 总磷、氨 氮) 数据对模型进行了校核与证; 并运用该模型预测店北公路桥突发水污染事故时,3 种输水流量、 3 种负荷、3 种污染物泄露至渠道后污染物沿程分布规律。结果表明: 该模型能有效模拟复杂水工建筑物下的水动力和污染物输移特性,下车亭分水口处污染物浓度超标与否受输水流量和污染负荷共同影响。针对分水口处水质指标浓度变化,提出合理、有效分水和退水方式,为保障南水北调中线工程输水水质安全提供参考。     

基于WebGIS的水质监测应用综合服务系统解决方案

以广东省水文局水质监测信息化系统建设为例,对系统建设的背景、目标与原则进行了分析。依据国家标准和行业标准,对系统进行了总体设计,提出了水质数据中心服务平台、完善和客户化水质分析评价系统、移动任务系统和预警系统的建设思路,开发了基于WebGIS的水质监测应用综合服务系统。系统的开发应用对推进水质监测、水质分析、水质预测和数据共享,为水资源可持续利用提供全面服务和技术支撑具有重要意义。     

太湖自动监测站水质分析及影响评价

近年来,太湖流域的水污染问题受到极大的关注,水量水质监测站在监控和改善太湖流域的水环境中起着举足轻重的作用。介绍了太湖流域水质自动监测站的建设情况,分析了2008年引江济太期间常熟等5个自动监测站的监测数据,并对监测站的重要性进行详细的分析和评价。由监测数据得知,5个自动监测站水质总体上有所改善。为进一步改善太湖流域的水质,建议加大监测站的建设和优化力度,加强监测站之间和监测站与水量控制单位的联动性。