国外大型调水工程渠道运行控制综述

与常规的以经验为主的运行方式相比，考虑了水动力学影响、以多渠池串联的整个渠道系统为研究对象的渠道运行控制在增加调水工程的安全性、降低运行成本、提高输水效率等方面能取得更佳的效果。国外关于调水工程渠道控制的研究起步较早，基于非线性偏微分圣维南方程组发展了多种离散化、线性化等简化方法，建立了相应的控制模型，并从不同角度确定了其控制方法以及控制算法。参考已有的研究思路和方法，总结国外渠道运行控制的成果，对我国南水北调工程的运行控制有着重要的借鉴意义。     

Water Diversions and Interbasin Transfers

Abstract

Interbasin water diversion generates some of the largest controversies and deepest conflicts in water resources development. These transfers have become multi-disciplinary problems. The more water purposes served in a interbasin water transfer, the more complex the resolutions of problems are. Geomorphological, geological, and hydrological properties of diversion region are crucial factors in transfers. Interbasin transfers make the region an important planning unit. Controversies in transfers result from losses and damages in the basin of origin. Many large projects for water transfers around the world still await decisions on construction. Diversion projects now require long periods to study and large planning and design investments, with detailed studies of all transfer aspects, including environmental impacts. The compensation for losses in the basin of origin is important, though often it takes into account only the water uses but not others (recreation, instream water values, ecology, etc.). Controversies among basins and regions may create serious political divisions and infights in the state as well as among the states. In general, factors must be taken into account, including the prohibition of interbasin water transfers. Equity funds within the states may resolve some of the controversies. The role of governments may be to plan water resources development, create policies and strategies, and provide legislation. Regional water plans and their coordination by the state agencies may lead to a good compromise and a mutually-acceptable solution. Interbasin transfers may lead to very complex legal problems. Each of the three standard methods of conflict resolution—the administrative-legal, arbitration, and market decision (negotiation, contracts, compensation) has its place in resolving controversies.     

南水北调来水后河北省水资源情况与利用对策

针对南水北调来水后受水区水资源供需情况发生改变的实际,分析了河北省受水区南水北调前后水资源供需平衡状况、河北省节水与调水的关系以及受水区水资源开发利用原则,提出了水资源利用的对策与措施。对南水北调来水后河北省水资源开发利用具有一定的指导意义。     

南水北调中线工程水源地水质保护工作研究

阐述了南水北调中线工程水质保护的重要性，分析了河南省南水北调水源地水质保护工作面临的严峻形势和任务。从思想观念、运行机制、治理措施等方面，对丹江口水库水质保护工作提出了建议。     

Conflicts over Water Resource Management in Brazil: A Case Study of Inter-Basin Transfers

Developing countries such as Brazil, with limited track-records in dealing with environmental conflicts on a participatory basis, or whose legal frameworks establishing water resource management practices have been introduced only recently, need mechanisms that streamline and strengthen democratic negotiating and decision processes. Increasingly common worldwide, transferring water is developing into a specific source of disputes whose solutions are becoming significant, particularly in the developing countries. This paper analyzes the application of the strategic choice methodology in a dispute over transferring water between two river basins, which is a situation not covered by specific legislation in Brazil. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the application of this methodology is particularly relevant in cases such as this, where decisions are taken on an incremental basis over time, within a context of political, administrative and legal uncertainties.     

南水北调卢沟桥暗涵混凝土防裂措施

文中从混凝土的原材料选择、混凝土配合比及混凝土施工工艺控制方面,总结了南水北调工程卢沟桥暗涵在防止混凝土裂缝上所采取的措施及经验。     

跨流域调水水资源管理问题分析及建议

随着新《中华人民共和国水法》的出台以及《取水许可和水资源费征收管理条例》的颁布，我国对水资源管理日益重视，各地方及流域机构对取水许可和水资源有偿使用制度的实施也更加严格。文章从我国现状水管理体制出发，论述分析了跨流域调水水资源管理中存在的研究问题，并在跨流域调水的管理机制与体制、水资源论证、取水管理、用水管理等方面给出了一些建议。     

Innovations in Water Management

Abstract

The water allocations made to the lower Colorado River Basin under the 1922 Colorado River Compact. as well as the later contractual allocations made by the Secretary of the Interior under the Boulder Canyon Project Act to the States of Arizona, California, and Nevada, and water agencies in those states, were based on significant overestimates offuture water supply. Based on the priority system in each state, the burden of the current shortages has fallen principally on municipal water users. This paper reviews the steps they have taken through innovative conservation measures, water transfers and water banking to deal with the shortage situation. It also briefly discusses the status of native-American rights in the lower Colorado River Basin in such efforts and the possibility of fixed term leases of water from Upper Basin States or users to Lower Basin municipal users.     

南水北调中线工程水力控制实时数字三维视景仿真

描述了开展南水北调中线工程水力控制计算机实时数字三维视景仿真的意义和目的，提出了调水工程水力控制仿真系统的体系结构及其内涵，介绍了研究采用的计算机数字三维仿真平台，以及仿真系统的功能。     

南水北调中线水源区补水工程--引江济汉工程渠道规模优选

引江济汉工程作为南水北调中线水源区最重要的补水工程之一，主要任务是改善汉江兴隆梯级以下河道的农业灌溉、城市供水、航运和生态环境用水条件，使供水区的生态环境质量状况得到合理的修复，以期实现“南北互利”。引江济汉工程的渠道规模，是影响工程量、投资费用和工程效益的重要因素，科学合理确定引江济汉工程渠道规模，对实现南水北调中线受水区和水源区的经济、社会、生态环境协调发展具有重大意义。本文应用系统工程、渠道设计、工程经济学的理论和方法，建立了以供水量最大、生态环境需水量缺水量最小和工程规模利用率最大为目标、以水资源优化配置为基础的渠道规模多目标优选模型，首次提出了不同频率组合控制流量的多目标边际优选法，对引江济汉工程渠道规模进行了实例研究，取得了满意成果。     

Islamic Water Management

Abstract

Islam offers its followers extensive guidelines on all aspects of life including how they should use and manage the natural environment. This religion's teachings on matters related to, for example, family affairs and inheritance are well developed and widely applied in the Islamic World. However, the hydrological dimensions of Islam are underdeveloped. This paper is a small step towards the development of Islamically-inspired water management principles. It illustrates that the Koran and hadith have relatively elaborate strategies for water conservation and pollution-prevention. The rationale that water management policies need to fit the cultural norms of the affected people guided the approach to this paper. It hence argues that a carefully-calibrated, Islamically-grounded water management policy is likely to lead to wider acceptability and broader compliance by Muslims because it reflects their value system.     

邯郸市南水北调供水区多水源联合调度研究

为了增加供水区水资源的承载能力,促进社会、经济、环境可持续发展,通过对邯郸市南水北调供水区的供水系统的分析,建立了供水系统优化调度的动态规划模型,经过调试计算,制定了外调水与当地水不同来水组合情况下的调度方式,为其他地市多水源联合调度提供借鉴。     

实施南水北调加大微咸水、咸水非传统水资源的利用

为贯彻落实朱镕基总理提出的南水北调工程要“先节水后调水,先治污后通水,先环保后用水”的要求,实行水资源的优化配置和生态环境的综合治理,根据沧州市水资源匮乏,但分布大量微咸水、咸水的状况,提出了加大微咸水、咸水非传统水资源开发利用的原则及规划措施。     

GFS降雨预报在大伙房水库实时跨流域调水决策的应用研究

分析了跨流域调水工程与水库控制运用规划成果存在的问题,阐述了实时调度中考虑预报信息的可行性。以辽宁省东水西调工程为例,通过对浑河流域"05813"洪水的模拟调度来分析规划与实时调度两种方式的差异,结果表明:考虑GFS预报信息的实时预报调度方式可以获得降低防洪安全和增加洪水资源利用率的双重效益,从工程的实时调度中优化了地区水资源的配置。本文的研究思路可以为其他跨流域调水工程的实时运行提供参考。     

南水北调中线工程水资源配置研究

现介绍了南水北调中线工程水资源配置的主要方法和成果,包括水资源配置原则、渠道规模确定方法和配置模型。为适应中线工程的特点,这些方法均有一定程度的创新。采用这些方法确定的中线工程调水量、各省市分水量及总干渠规模为国家决策提供了科学依据,为总干渠设计提供了设计条件。这些方法具有广泛的推广价值。     

Legislating for Adequate Public Participation in Allocating Water in Australia

Abstract

In the mid-1990s Australia embarked on a program of reforms including the introduction of private property rights in water, the allocation of water for the environment, and increased public participation where new initiatives are proposed. Many of the water allocation and management practices adopted in the country have originated from states in the Murray-Darling Basin. This article considers the different approaches taken in NSW, Queensland; and Victoria. In each of these states, public participation has been an evolving process, giving rise to difficulties of a slightly different nature. The article outlines the policy and theory behind public participation and sets out the legal provisions for its inclusion in water planning. It explores the main issues in the implementation of the legislation. The Australian experience suggests that policy makers and legislators did not initially draw upon the extensive research that was in existence on effective public participation. However, changes were made to make the processes more inclusive. Capacity building of participants, independent scientific support, and access to data were some of the most critical factors in effective public participation. Because the public had the opportunity to participate and influence decision making in water allocation, some potential legal conflict was avoided. Of the states examined, Queensland had the best legislative template for public participation although improvements could be made in many areas.     

Integrated Water Resources Management in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Abstract

The Uzbek socio-economic structure is characterized by the transition from a centrally-planned to a market-orientated economy, with a shifting from agricultural production to industrial development. However, the agricultural sector continues to play a significant role in a general economy of the country. The major water sector strategy is to decrease the dependence of agricultural production on climate by introducing advanced irrigation techniques and water saving methods to achieve future sustainable socio-economic development and environmental protection. Water management policy should be flexible enough to adapt to new demands. The regulation of consumption through demand management tools, such as appropriate pricing policies, has recently received greater attention in Uzbekistan. The main thesis of this paper is that allocation of water resources cannot be separated from ecological and economic considerations. The establishment of development objectives and the identification of constraints are also discussed. In the coming years, special attention will need to be paid to the control of water pollution and land salinization, water resources conservation, and acknowledging that actions to increase water productivity are as important as finding additional sources of water.     

济南市水资源管理探讨

济南市缺水情况日趋严重,导致城市水资源环境日益恶化,泉水断流,对城市经济社会的可持续发展构 成威胁。针对济南市的实际情况,提出了节水保泉措施,以缓解水资源供需矛盾。     

南水北调工程管理信息系统数据库设计

从南水北调工程的特点出发，提出南水北调工程管理信息系统数据库系统结构，论述了南水北调工程数据库主题划分和南水北调工程主题数据库设计方法。