用Mixolab分析马铃薯生全粉的流变学特性

采用Mixolab通过对热-机械性能的分析研究了马铃薯生全粉的流变学特性。以11个马铃薯生全粉为实验材料,探讨Mixolab检测马铃薯生全粉流变学特性的重复性,结果显示:各样品的2次测试曲线的重合度高,全曲线的平均变异系数小于5%;通过对比B01~B10这10个不同样品检测结果,可以看到不同马铃薯栽培品种流变学特性存在较大的差异,具体表现在面团形成、面团稳定、淀粉糊化和回生各阶段检测指标上的差异;通过对比B06和B10两个采用不同研磨方式制备的样品,发现不同马铃薯生全粉制作的研磨工艺将极大的影响样品的吸水率、各粘度指标,但对马铃薯生全粉面团的弱化后稠度(Cs和C2)影响不大;通过对比马铃薯生全粉、雪花粉和标准面粉的热-机械能能曲线,发现雪花粉在马铃薯主食化产品开发中所起到的作用主要为填充剂。马铃薯生全粉具有良好的加工性能,流变学特性还可以通过食品添加剂进一步改善,制造出无需添加小麦面粉的纯马铃薯主食化产品馒头、面条和面包是可能的。     

黑小麦粉的流变学特性及在食品中的应用研究

研究了黑小麦粉的流变学特性及在面条和面包中的应用。研究结果表明,黑小麦粉属于中等筋力的面粉,可适量地应用于面条和面包的生产中。     

山西小米与小麦混合粉流变学特性的分析

采用主成分和因子分析方法对山西小米-小麦混合粉的粉质特性和拉伸特性进行分析和评价。结果表明,面团流变学各指标间相关性显著,主成分和因子分析适合于对小米-小麦混合粉粉质特性和拉伸特性进行综合评价。通过分析各成分的特征值和方差贡献率,前2个主成分的累计贡献率已达91.18%,并且总方差73.99%的贡献来自于因子1,所对应的形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度、吸水率是小米-小麦混合粉流变学特性的特征指标。第1、2主成分反映了面团流变学的综合信息,从而体现出山西不同小米品种加工品质优劣,根据主成分的综合得分,长农35和长生07流变学特性好,长农40、112和113流变学特性较差。     

球磨处理对小米-小麦粉混合面团流变学及热机械学特性的影响

以小米为原料通过球磨处理制备球磨小米粉,再将小米粉与小麦粉按照一定比例混合制备混合面团,研究不同球磨处理对混合面团流变学及热机械学特性的影响。结果表明：在球磨时间4.0 h、球磨转速450 r/min、球料质量比3∶1时,混合面团的流变学特性最佳且热机械学特性较佳,说明适当的球磨处理可以改善小米-小麦粉混合面团的流变学和热机械学特性。     

Mixolab测定糯米粉糊化特性的程序参数研究

研究了Mixolab测定糯米粉糊化特性的程序参数,确定了最佳粉团质量、30℃揉混时间、升温速率和最高温度,建立了糯米粉的吸水率标准计算公式。实验结果显示:80 g的粉团质量最适合用来测定糯米粉糊化特性,30℃时揉混3 min即可将粉团混合均匀,8℃/min的升温速率能较好的保留糯米粉的α-淀粉酶活性,最高温度设定为90℃可使糯米粉糊化更彻底。     

黑青稞添加量对面条流变学特性的影响

黑青稞的蛋白质、纤维素、维生素等营养物质的含量较高,在面条中添加一定含量的黑青稞粉可提高面条的品质,增加面条营养价值。本研究以小麦粉为基础,分别加入质量分数为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的黑青稞粉,研究黑青稞粉添加量对面团的粉质特征、质构特征、面条质构和面条颜色的影响。结果表明,当加入10%～15%黑青稞粉时,面团的吸水率和面团的弱化程度较高,蛋白质的破损程度较大、面团强度小、加工性能较好;面团的形成时间、稳定时间较纯小麦面团低,略高于黑青稞粉添加量为25%时的面团,其抗机械搅拌性能较好;10%～15%黑青稞粉添加量制备的面条硬度、咀嚼性、弹性和胶着性俱佳,面条色泽居中,不会过暗。     

基于主成分小米-小麦混合粉面团流变学特性综合评价

选择13个品种小米粉按照0~35%比例与小麦粉混合,通过对小米-小麦混合粉面团粉质特性和拉伸特性分析,基于主成分建立了混合粉面团流变学特性综合评价模型。结果表明,随着小米粉添加比例的增加,小米-小麦混合粉面团综合主成分值逐渐下降;主成分分析提取2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为85.21%;综合主成分值越高,小米-小麦混合粉面团流变学特性越好。豫谷18、白谷、冀谷19适宜制作高筋粉类食品;112和113综合主成分值最低,流变学特性较差,较适宜制作低筋类食品;当小米粉添加量超过15%时,除白谷、豫谷18这两个品种之外,其余品种综合主成分值均为负值,小米-小麦混合粉面团品质显著降低。     

“沁州黄”小米营养成分及应用研究进展

文章综述了长治地区特色出口产品“沁州黄”小米的种植环境、研发现状、营养成分、健康功效及在食品、医药方面的应用研究,并对“沁州黄”小米发展前景、开发利用进行了展望。     

小米挤压膨化特性的差异及相关性分析

以四种不同产地的小米为原料,采用小型单螺杆谷物挤压膨化机挤压膨化,分析小米籽粒性状及理化性质对小米膨化后品质特性的影响.结果表明,在相同处理条件下,不同产地小米膨化度及感官品质差异显著,其中胶州小米膨化度最大为1.752,山西和德州小米膨化度分别为1.668和1.556,济南小米最小为1.427;胶州小米感官品质评价最高为44.432,济南小米最低29.519.不同产地的小米淀粉含量及直链淀粉含量与膨化度及膨化小米感官指标存在显著的相关性,淀粉含量与之呈正相关(r =0.945 7,r=0.973 9),直链淀粉含量与之呈负相关(r=-0.915 8,r=-0.988 6).     

黑小麦全粉的流变学特性及复配混粉馒头的品质研究

通过对黑小麦全粉、与对照样特精粉复配混粉的面筋数量与质量测定,对黑小麦全粉占10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%复配混粉进行流变学特性指标的测定及制作馒头成品以评价。结果表明:不同复配比例的混粉湿面筋数量表现比例越大含量越高;黑小麦全粉的流变学特性较差;复配混粉也都低于对照样特精粉的流变学指标;黑小麦全粉单独并不适合制作馒头,当复配比例在10%~15%时,馒头评价总分在80以上。     

小米粉对面团流变学特性的影响

以小麦粉和11种小米粉为主要原料,将小米粉按照0%~35%的比例添加到小麦粉中,对混合粉面团的流变性进行了研究。结果表明:随着小米粉含量的增加,面团粉质特性指标中的形成时间、稳定时间、吸水率、粉质质量指数总体有所下降,弱化度则呈先上升后下降趋势。其中,白谷在面团粉质特性上优于其他品种,稳定时间一直高于6 min;拉伸特性指标中的拉伸面积、延伸度、拉伸阻力和最大拉伸阻力随小米粉比例的增加而下降,拉伸比例则增大。但随着醒面时间的延长,拉伸特性有所好转。而不同品种间没有明显差异。     

澄清型黑蒜饮料的流变特性研究

本文通过采用DV-Ⅲ+型数字流变仪测定了不同温度条件下澄清型黑蒜饮料的流变特性。通过对拟合方程和所得参数的研究发现,在25、35、45℃的温度条件下,黑蒜饮料的流变曲线为一条过原点的直线,对曲线的拟合参数n值接近1,近似为牛顿流体类型;而在55℃和65℃的温度条件下,黑蒜饮料的流变曲线为一条过原点向下凹的曲线,对曲线的拟合参数n值大于1,符合胀塑性流体类型的特征。同时,在不同温度下测定了黑蒜饮料黏度的变化,通过Arrehenius方程η=K0exp（Ea/RT）相关变化进行拟合,可用来预测实际加工过程中澄清型黑蒜饮料温度对黏度的影响,为其加工生产提供理论指导。      

澄清型黑蒜饮料的流变特性研究

本文通过采用DV-Ⅲ+型数字流变仪测定了不同温度条件下澄清型黑蒜饮料的流变特性。通过对拟合方程和所得参数的研究发现,在25、35、45℃的温度条件下,黑蒜饮料的流变曲线为一条过原点的直线,对曲线的拟合参数n值接近1,近似为牛顿流体类型;而在55℃和65℃的温度条件下,黑蒜饮料的流变曲线为一条过原点向下凹的曲线,对曲线的拟合参数n值大于1,符合胀塑性流体类型的特征。同时,在不同温度下测定了黑蒜饮料黏度的变化,通过Arrehenius方程η=K0exp(Ea/RT)相关变化进行拟合,可用来预测实际加工过程中澄清型黑蒜饮料温度对黏度的影响,为其加工生产提供理论指导。     

黄米淀粉的制备及流变学特性的研究

淀粉的流变学特性是影响工业化淀粉质食品品质的重要因素.本文通过碱法优化提取工艺制备了黄米淀粉产品,分析了黄米淀粉的基本理化指标,并利用Brabender糊化仪和Brookfield旋转黏度仪研究了黄米淀粉的糊化特性、流变特性以及机械剪切触变性能,为黄米淀粉在食品工业的应用提供理论依据.结果表明:黄米淀粉中蛋白质残留量为0.232%,淀粉纯度为88.98%,淀粉得率为58.6%,直链淀粉含量为18.28%,起糊温度为73.9℃;峰值黏度为702BU;与马铃薯淀粉、大米淀粉及玉米淀粉相比,黄米淀粉糊具有较强的黏度冷稳定性以及较弱的凝胶性和凝沉性;黄米淀粉糊属于非牛顿型、假塑性、剪切稀化的触变性流体;在同一剪切速率下,表观粘度随温度的增加而降低;在同一温度下,淀粉糊的表观粘度随剪切速率的增加而减小.     

Compositional and varietal influence of finger millet flour on rheological properties of dough and quality of biscuit

Biscuits prepared from flour composites containing 60:40 and 70:30 (w/w) finger millet:wheat flour were evaluated for its dough characteristics and biscuit quality. Hardness of biscuit dough measured by textural profile analysis was more in 60:40 combination than in 70:30 level. The dough became more adhesive with higher level of wheat flour and it varied across varieties. Extensograph data also showed that resistance of biscuit dough increased with the increasing levels of wheat flour. However, very little difference was observed between addition of 30 and 40 g/100 g wheat flour in terms of resistance to extension. Wheat composite flour (40 g/100 g) had higher water absorption capacity than in 30 g/100 g composite flour. Bandwidth of composite flour was narrower in 40 g/100 g wheat flour composite. Expansion of biscuit and breaking strength after baking was more in 70:30 composite than in 60:40. Among the varieties used, VL-324 brought about the positive changes of composite flour in rheological characteristics in terms of adhesiveness, extensibility and resistance to extension, which in turn improves biscuit quality. It provided better physical quality biscuit dough and biscuit in terms of its spread ratio, density and breaking strength. Studies indicated that composite of finger millet and wheat flour (60:40) was found better, particularly in case of biscuit quality. Out of six varieties, VL-324 was found best in terms of biscuit quality as well as acceptability.     

Effects of yellow mustard mucilage on functional and rheological properties of buckwheat and pea starches

The effects of yellow mustard mucilage (YMM) on the functional and rheological properties of buckwheat and pea starch were studied. Addition of YMM resulted in a marked increase of peak viscosity for both buckwheat and pea starches. Dynamic oscillation measurements showed that the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″) and dynamic viscosity (η*) of buckwheat and pea starches were increased but tangent δ was decreased by addition of YMM. The gel textures of both starches were markedly changed by the presence of YMM, which resulted in an increase of hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness but a decrease of resilience. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the presence of YMM slightly increased melting enthalpy (ΔH) and the phase transition temperature range (T_c–T_o) of buckwheat starch but these did not change much for pea starch. Addition of YMM–locust bean gum mixture (9:1) similarly increased the viscosity of buckwheat and pea starches but decreased gel hardness. The swelling powers of both starches and solubility of buckwheat starch were slightly decreased in the presence of YMM. Addition of YMM slowed the syneresis of buckwheat and pea starch gels.     

Significance of different milling methods on white proso millet flour physicochemical,rheological, and baking properties

Proso millet is a nutritious, sustainable, and gluten free food which is currently underutilized. They can be incorporated into the grain industry and provide much needed healthy alternatives. Efficient grinding method should be adopted for easy incorporation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of three different methods of grinding namely, roller milling (RM), pin milling (PM), and hammer milling (HM) on proso millet flour rheology and baking properties for food application. The milling flow sheet was developed toward the production of the quality whole grain flour. The particle size distribution of all the flours showed bi-modal distribution except for the RM flour. The PM produced the flour with the finest particles with geometric mean diameter of 82 μm. The study also revealed that starch damage in the PM flour (4.64%) was higher than RM (2.46%) and HM flour (2.51%). The nutritional composition was not significantly affected by different grinding methods. Pasting properties of the flour were also affected by the grinding method applied. Rapid Visco Analysis profile showed pin mill flour to have a higher peak viscosity (PV) (2,295 cP) compared to HM (2,065 cP) and RM flour (2,130 cP). Finally, this study demonstrated that the production of bread from proso millet flour with desirable quality and texture is possible. The grinding method did not affect the specific volume of bread loaves and C-cell characteristics. The specific volume of the breads ranged from 2.40 to 2.52 cm³/g. This study will help in promoting and producing value-added proso millet food products with enhanced nutritional quality.     

小米黄色素的部分理化特性研究

对小米黄色素的稳定性和其抗菌活性进行了研究.结果表明小米黄色素水溶性较好,色素溶液对光、热比较稳定;在酸碱、金属离子、氧化剂、蔗糖等添加剂中具有较好的稳定性;但在含氧酸根阴离子、还原剂、维生素C、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾等添加剂中稳定性较差.抑菌活性实验表明,小米黄色素对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希氏菌都有一定的抑制作用.     

小米黄色素的部分理化特性研究

对小米黄色素的稳定性和其抗菌活性进行了研究.结果表明小米黄色素水溶性较好,色素溶液对光、热比较稳定;在酸碱、金属离子、氧化剂、蔗糖等添加剂中具有较好的稳定性;但在含氧酸根阴离子、还原剂、维生素C、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾等添加剂中稳定性较差.抑菌活性实验表明,小米黄色素对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希氏菌都有一定的抑制作用.