基于可见/近红外高光谱成像技术的番茄表面农药残留无损检测

以番茄为研究对象,应用可见/近红外高光谱成像技术对水果表面农药残留的无损检测研究。用蒸馏水将嘧霉胺农药稀释成1∶20,1∶100,1∶500 3个梯度,将不同浓度的溶液分别滴到60个洗净的番茄表面,形成3×3矩阵。放置在通风阴凉处12h后,应用高光谱系统(400~1 000nm)采集光谱图像信息。利用主成分分析法获得主成分图像(PC),并根据第二主成分图像(PC-2)的权重系数选取特征波长564,809,967nm。采用波段比(564nm/809nm)结合适当的图像处理方法对番茄表面的农药残留进行检测。高浓度(1∶20,1∶100)农药点检测率为100%,而低浓度(1∶500)农药点的检测率为0。结果表明,高光谱成像技术对高浓度农药残留具有较好的检测效果。     

水果成熟度近红外光谱及高光谱成像无损检测研究进展

成熟度作为一项水果品质重要评价指标,与水果的采收、储存、加工、运输、销售等环节息息相关,也是其产量和质量的关键影响因素之一。本文综述了国内外近十年来利用近红外光谱和高光谱成像技术检测水果成熟度的研究现状。从水果成熟度定性判别和成熟度参数定量预测两个方面入手,详细分析了光谱仪器工作波段、光谱采集方式、光谱采样区域、成熟度表征因子、单一成熟度参数、多元成熟度指数对最终检测模型精度和稳定性的影响,最后展望了近红外光谱和高光谱成像技术在水果成熟度检测方向的未来发展趋势,以期为相关领域研究工作提供科学依据和技术参考。     

油料作物与产品品质近红外光谱及高光谱成像检测研究进展

油料作物及产品含有丰富的营养成分,为人类健康提供必要的能量供给和营养物质,其品质优劣直接影响企业的经济效益以及人民的身体健康。近红外光谱及高光谱成像技术具有无损、便捷、高效以及绿色环保等优点,在油料作物与产品品质检测领域有较广泛的研究探索。本文简述了近红外光谱及高光谱成像技术的基本原理和常规分析步骤,重点综述了近年来该技术在油料作物理化成分的测定、品种识别和产地鉴定以及食用油真实性的鉴别等方面的具体应用,并最后展望了其在油料作物与产品品质检测领域中的应用前景。     

基于高光谱技术检测苹果外观缺陷

目的 利用高光谱技术检测苹果外观缺陷, 分析主成分分析法和波段比率算法研究高光谱图像的可行性。方法 在400~1100 nm波长范围内获取苹果表面的高光谱图像信息, 用主成分分析法处理高光谱下采集的苹果图像, 选取第三主成分图像进行分析, 作为最后的判别依据。波段比率算法中选取了717 nm和530 nm两个有效波段,将两个波段的图像进行比值运算。717 nm波段的图像进行阈值运算、中值滤波及形态学分析得到二值化掩膜图像, 再与二值化后的比率图像进行布尔运算, 提取缺陷的有效信息。结果 基于主成分分析法, 检测苹果表面缺陷的分级准确率为81.25%, 波段比率算法对苹果表面缺陷的分级准确率为93.75%。结论 利用高光谱成像技术下波段比率算法相对于主成分分成法更适合于实时、在线、快速检测。     

基于可见/近红外高光谱成像技术的西甜瓜糖度检测

提出了以不同品种的西瓜、甜瓜为研究对象,利用可见光/近红外成像高光谱技术分析不同糖度的西瓜、甜瓜的光谱差异及西瓜、甜瓜糖度在可见光/近红外波段范围的响应。研究表明应用成像高光谱技术检测西甜瓜糖度具有可行性,为进一步研究不同水果糖度高精度模型奠定基础。     

基于可见/近红外高光谱成像技术的鸡蛋新鲜度无损检测

以400~1 000nm高光谱系统获得鸡蛋样本的高光谱图像,利用蒙特卡洛法检测异常样本,采用不同预处理方法处理原始光谱;应用竞争性正自适应加权算法(Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling,CARS)、遗传偏最小二乘法(Genetic Algorithms PLS,GAPLS)和间隔蛙跳法(Interval Random Frog,IRF)对预处理后光谱数据提取特征波长;分别建立基于全光谱和特征波长的偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)和最小二乘支持向量机(Least Squares Support Vector Machine,LS-SVM)鸡蛋新鲜度预测模型。结果表明:标准正态变量变换(Standardized Normal Variate,SNV)法为最优预处理方法;利用CARS、GAPLS和IRF分别选出8,35,74个特征波长;基于GAPLS提取的特征波长的LS-SVM模型最优,其校正相关系数(Rc)为0.899,预测相关系数(Rp)为0.832。表明基于高光谱成像技术的鸡蛋新鲜度无损检测是可行的。     

油茶果自然霉变程度的可见/近红外与中短波近红外光谱检测

分析利用可见/近红外光谱（400～1 000 nm）与中短波近红外光谱（900～1 700 nm）对不同自然霉变程度油茶果检测判别的可行性,实验同时采集不同霉变程度油茶果赤道阴面、阳面和接合面三点的两波段光谱,样品平均光谱的主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）发现不同霉变程度样品同组内具有一定聚类效果且PC1和PC2对于判别不同组间样品有效,全光谱偏最小二乘判别分析模型结果显示原始光谱已具有足够信息,建立的模型性能比预处理后全光谱更优。进一步进行特征波长选取,发现相比于PC载荷,连续投影法在两光谱范围选取波长建立的简化模型均为最优,预测集判别准确率与Kappa系数均为84.4%与0.766 7。结合预测集混淆矩阵发现,两光谱范围最优简化模型预测不同霉变组样品特异度相当,均在0.84以上,但900～1 700 nm中短波近红外光谱对于中等霉变程度的判别灵敏度（0.72）略高。本研究表明近红外光谱技术可用于油茶果的自然霉变程度检测,可见/近红外与中短波近红外光谱能力相当,考虑到仪器成本问题,可见/近红外光谱具有更好的实时检测应用前景。     

基于高光谱成像技术的灵武长枣常见缺陷检测

以灵武长枣为研究对象,利用高光谱成像技术结合主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)和最小噪声分离法(minimum noise fraction,MNF)对长枣缺陷进行快速检测与识别,主要探讨样本背景对缺陷识别的影响。首先,采集虫眼、裂痕、正常枣的高光谱图像,利用PCA法和MNF法分别对其降维去噪,选择虫眼与正常枣的PC1和M1图像、裂痕枣的PC2和M2图像进行缺陷识别,经PCA分析后的缺陷识别率均为100%,MNF处理后的识别率分别为69.2%,56.8%,100%;随后对其高光谱图像进行掩模去背景,再对其降维去噪后检测识别,PCA后的识别率均为100%,MNF后的识别率分别为73.1%,65.9%,100%。结果表明:利用高光谱成像技术结合两种降维去噪法对长枣常见缺陷的识别是可行的,背景干扰对于PCA法的缺陷识别不影响,其识别效果优于MNF法,且去背景后的MNF法缺陷识别率较未去背景的有所提高,为后续长枣缺陷的在线检测提供理论依据。     

基于高光谱成像技术的金银花霉变检测模型

利用高光谱成像技术,研究一种快速、准确、无损检测金银花霉变程度的方法。通过比较Savitzky-Golay(SG)卷积平滑、多元散射校正(MSC)和SG-MSC 3种预处理方法对偏最小二乘算法(PLS)建模效果的影响,得到SG-MSC为建模最优预处理方法。使用连续投影算法(SPA)和竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)选择经预处理后光谱的特征波长,并分别建立偏最小二乘判别(PLS-DA)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的判别分析模型。结果表明,光谱经SG-MSC预处理后,应用CARS提取特征波长并建立LS-SVM判别分析模型为金银花不同霉变程度最优判别模型,其训练集与验证集的正确率均达到100%。利用高光谱成像技术能够快速无损、有效地鉴别金银花霉变程度,并且在特征波长下能实现金银花霉变程度的快速判别分析。     

可见-近红外高光谱成像技术对灵武长枣VC含量的无损检测方法

为探究基于高光谱成像技术预测灵武长枣VC含量的可行性并寻找最佳预测模型。采集100?个长枣样本在波长400～1?000?nm处的高光谱图像,对光谱数据进行预处理;应用遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）、连续投影算法（successive projection algorithm,SPA）和竞争性正自适应加权（competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS）算法对原始光谱数据提取特征波长;分别建立基于全光谱和特征波长的偏最小二乘（partial least squares regression,PLS）和最小二乘支持向量机（least squares support vector machine,LSSVM）VC含量预测模型。结果表明,采用标准正态变换预处理算法效果最优,其PLS模型的交叉验证相关系数为0.839?5,交叉验证均方根误差为16.248?2;利用GA、SPA和CARS从全光谱的125?个波长中分别选取出12、5?个和26?个特征波长;基于CARS建立的PLS模型效果最优,其Rc、Rp、校正均方根误差、预测均方根误差分别为0.896?2、0.889?2、10.746?2%、12.145?3%。研究结果表明基于高光谱成像技术对灵武长枣VC含量的无损检测是可行的。     

Development of algorithms for detecting citrus canker based on hyperspectral reflectance imaging

BACKGROUND: Automated discrimination of fruits with canker from other fruit with normal surface and different type of peel defects has become a helpful task to enhance the competitiveness and profitability of the citrus industry. Over the last several years, hyperspectral imaging technology has received increasing attention in the agricultural products inspection field. This paper studied the feasibility of classification of citrus canker from other peel conditions including normal surface and nine peel defects by hyperspectal imaging. RESULTS: A combination algorithm based on principal component analysis and the two‐band ratio (Q_687/630) method was proposed. Since fewer wavelengths were desired in order to develop a rapid multispectral imaging system, the canker classification performance of the two‐band ratio (Q_687/630) method alone was also evaluated. The proposed combination approach and two‐band ratio method alone resulted in overall classification accuracy for training set samples and test set samples of 99.5%, 84.5% and 98.2%, 82.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed combination approach was more efficient for classifying canker against various conditions under reflectance hyperspectral imagery. However, the two‐band ratio (Q_687/630) method alone also demonstrated effectiveness in discriminating citrus canker from normal fruit and other peel diseases except for copper burn and anthracnose. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于高光谱成像技术和因子判别分析的玉米黄曲霉毒素检测研究

利用高光谱成像技术进行玉米籽粒表面黄曲霉毒素的检测。将黄曲霉毒素原液用甲醇分别稀释成浓度为10、20、100、500μg/L的溶液,然后逐一滴在等量4组共120粒玉米籽粒的表面,取同品种30粒洁净玉米籽粒作为对照组。利用400~1 000 nm可见/近红外高光谱成像系统进行样品图像光谱信息获取,采用标准正态变量校正进行数据预处理。首先经主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)进行高光谱数据降维,然后利用PCA从835个波长中提取的前14个主成分为输入,采用因子判别分析(Factorial Discriminant Analysis,FDA)对5类样品进行分类。FDA构建的模型对训练集和验证集的判别准确率分别达95%和86%。结果表明利用高光谱成像技术并结合PCA-FDA方法进行玉米籽粒表面黄曲霉毒素的检测是可行的。     

基于高光谱图像技术的腊肠酸价含量检测

本文以腊肠为研究对象,探讨了高光谱图像技术对其酸价检测的可行性。研究中,对高光谱成像系统获得的数据进行了MNF变换、PPI纯净指数计算、n-D Visualizer等处理,获得纯净的光谱数据信息。采用主成分分析,获得主成分图像,选取PC2作为分析对象,通过比较权重系数,选取六个特征波长943.28、1003.20、1136.53、1240.03、1326.95、1477.64 nm,并通过特征波长,选定1000¹500 nm波长范围作为光谱分析区域。利用PLS建模方法将高光谱数据与酸价实际值关联,获得腊肠酸价评价模型。采用一阶导+SG（17）+矢量归一化和二阶导+SG（21）+矢量归一化校正方法建立校正模型,校正集RMSECV和R²分别为0.28,0.97和0.31和0.96,验证集RPD分别为2.92和2.89,一阶导+SG（17）+矢量归一化建立的PLS模型更适合酸价的定量检测,模型预测值平均重复性标准差为0.22,模型预测值平均相对误差为10.32%。研究结果表明,高光谱图像技术检测腊肠酸价含量是可行的。      

高光谱成像技术在谷物品质检测中的应用进展

高光谱成像(Hyperspectral imaging,HSI)技术作为一种无损和快速的光学成像分析技术在谷物品质的无损检测应用广泛。本文简述了高光谱成像的基本原理、光谱信息数据处理方法,综述了HSI技术在小麦、玉米、稻谷3种大宗谷物中化学成分检测、品种鉴别、种子活力检测以及不完善籽粒检测等近五年的应用研究进展,提出HSI技术在谷物品质检测实际应用中需破解的难题。     

Online detection and quantification of ergot bodies in cereals using near infrared hyperspectral imaging

The occurrence of ergot bodies (sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea) in cereals presents a high toxicity risk for animals and humans due to the alkaloid content. To reduce this risk, the European Commission fixed an ergot concentration limit of 0.1% in all feedstuffs containing unground cereals, and a limit of 0.05% in ‘intervention’ cereals destined for humans. This study sought to develop a procedure based on near infrared hyperspectral imaging and multivariate image analysis to detect and quantify ergot contamination in cereals. Hyperspectral images were collected using an NIR hyperspectral line scan combined with a conveyor belt. All images consisted of lines of 320 pixels that were acquired at 209 wavelength channels (1100–2400?nm). To test the procedure, several wheat samples with different levels of ergot contamination were prepared. The results showed a correlation higher than 0.99 between the predicted values obtained using chemometric tools such as partial least squares discriminant analysis or support vector machine and the reference values. For a wheat sample with a level of ergot contamination as low as 0.01 %, it was possible to identify groups of pixels detected as ergot to conclude that the sample was contaminated. In addition, no false positives were obtained with non-contaminated samples. The limit of detection was found to be 145?mg/kg and the limit of quantification 341?mg/kg. The reproducibility tests of the measurements performed over several weeks showed that the results were always within the limits allowed. Additional studies were done to optimise the parameters in terms of number of samples analysed per unit of time or conveyor belt speed. It was shown that ergot can be detected using a speed of 1–100?mm/s and that a sample of 250?g can be analysed in 1?min.     

Detection of melamine in milk powder using MCT-based short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging system

Extensive research has been conducted on non-destructive and rapid detection of melamine in powdered foods in the last decade. While Raman and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging techniques have been successful in terms of non-destructive and rapid measurement, they have limitations with respect to measurement time and detection capability, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT)-based short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging system and algorithm to detect melamine quantitatively in milk powder. The SWIR hyperspectral imaging system consisted of a custom-designed illumination system, a SWIR hyperspectral camera, a data acquisition module and a sample transfer table. SWIR hyperspectral images were obtained for melamine-milk samples with different melamine concentrations, pure melamine and pure milk powder. Analysis of variance and the partial least squares regression method over the 1000–2500 nm wavelength region were used to develop an optimal model for detection. The results showed that a melamine concentration as low as 50 ppm in melamine-milk powder samples could be detected. Thus, the MCT-based SWIR hyperspectral imaging system has the potential for quantitative and qualitative detection of adulterants in powder samples.     

基于高光谱成像技术的大米溯源研究

利用高光谱成像技术提取大米的光谱信息进行大米产地溯源研究。采用X-Y距离样本集算法（SPXY）进行训练集和测试集的划分,将1 000颗大米样本中800个为训练集,剩下200个为测试集。并采用主成分分析（PCA）法提取相关性较强的主成分光谱信息,进行数据降维。基于主成分分析法提取前4个主成分,并在贡献率最高的第4主成分基础上,结合支持向量机算法（SVM）建立大米产地溯源预测模型。研究得出训练集准确率可达96%,测试集平均准确率为79%。通过训练集和测试集的实验结果表明,高光谱成像技术可以对大米产地进行溯源,为大米产地快速、无损检测提供了一定思路和参考。