南宁市饮用水水库水源研究

南宁市主要饮用水源是邕江,供水水源单一,难以应付突发的污染事件。通过对南宁市周边大中型水库水源作南宁饮用水源的研究。得出南宁市周边水库水源丰富、水质洁净,仅大王滩水库(含风亭河水库补水)就可满足南宁市发展到300万人口,需水量123万m^3／d的需要。     

综合水质标识指数法在公园湖泊水质评价中的应用

2011年8月对上海市12个公园中的13个湖泊水体进行了调查。对综合水质指数中各单因子水质标识指数的权重进行了改进与选择,根据调查资料,采用综合水质标识指数法对被调查水体的水质状况及营养状态进行了评价,用评分法和综合营养状态指数法验证了综合水质标识指数法应用于湖泊富营养化评价中的合理性。结果表明:所调查的湖泊中,仅有15.4%的公园湖泊综合水质达到水环境功能区要求,处于富营养化状态的公园湖泊占53.8%,湖泊中TN和CODCr污染最严重,综合水质标识指数法简便易用,能全面反映水质状况,评价结果科学合理,适合在公园湖泊富营养化评价中推广使用。     

综合水质标识指数法及单因子水质标识指数法在2013年官厅水库水质评价中的应用

综合水质标识指数评价法和单因子水质标识指数评价法是目前运用比较多的水质评价方法,尤其两种方法结合起来能完整地表达水体的综合水质信息,计算过程简单,既可进行定性评价,也可进行定量评价。本文应用综合水质标识指数法和单因子水质标识指数法选取代表性监测项目对北京市的重要水源地——官厅水库2013年的水质监测数据进行分析,评估官厅水库水体现状,为改善水质及生态环境提供科学依据,也为在北京市地表水源地水质评价中运用此类方法提供借鉴。     

水质标识指数法在赣江尾闾段水质评价中的应用

赣江为鄱阳湖的重要补给水源,赣江水质对鄱阳湖生态有着重要影响。本文以电导率（EC）、浊度（TUR）、悬浮物（SS）、总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH₄-N）、硝态氮（NO₃-N）以及化学需氧量（COD）作为赣江水质评价指标,采用水质标识指数法对赣江尾闾段2015年10月30日、12月4日以及2016年1月12日、3月10日和5月30日5个时间点、3个支流、8个监测点的水质进行综合评价分析。分析结果表明：采用主要污染物水质标识指数法（PP-WQI）所得赣江下游北、中、南支流污染指数分别为3.84（COD）、3.53（COD）、3.84（COD/SS）,综合水质标识指数法（CWQI）所得污染指数分别为3.8077、3.5003、3.7465;水质介于Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类之间,属于轻度污染,主要污染物为COD、TN和SS。水质在空间上表现为中支较好,南支和北支较差,上游优于下游;在时间上表现为夏季（5月30日）最差,冬季最好（12月4日和1月12日）。     

来宾市解决农村人口饮水安全困难问题的思考与对策

通过对来宾市饮水安全现状进行调查研究,分析造成来宾市农村人口饮水安全困难问题的原因,并提出了解决来宾市农村人口饮水安全困难问题的思路与对策.     

Spatial variation of health risk of groundwater for drinking water supply in Mingshan County, Ya'an City, China

Rural drinking water safety is a growing concern in China. This study investigated the health risk of pollution of groundwater for the drinking water supply in Mingshan County, Ya'an City, in Sichuan Province, China, using 46 samples from the years 1991 to 2010. Carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic, and total risks were assessed by the model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Thematic maps of the risks caused by single and multiple factors were generated from inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) and the geostatistical analysis functions of ArcGIS. The results show that the carcinogenic risks caused by chemicals in groundwater for drinking water supply are low, within the acceptable interval for risk management. However, non-carcinogenic risks are high and the number of sampling sites with risk values exceeding the standards amounted to 29. Non-carcinogenic risks of Cr6+, nitrate, fluoride, and Fe at sites 43, 46, 50, 64, 67, and 74 were the sources that caused high total health risk. This study reveals the risk level of groundwater quality and orders of treatment of pollutants, and provides a scientific basis for groundwater management in this area.     

饮用水水源地健康风险评价

综合目前国外健康风险评价的研究成果,建立了水环境健康风险评价模式。以某河流水质的实测资料为背景,研究了待建水库水环境健康风险问题,得出定量的健康风险指标,为饮用水水源风险管理和决策提供重要依据,为构建适合我国实际的饮用水源健康风险评价体系奠定基础。     

滨州市解决农村饮水安全可行性研究概述

滨州市水资源贫乏,历史上农村饮水一直非常困难.自20世纪70年代末开始,滨州市从解决农村＂有水吃＂到让群众喝上“放心水”,在选择水源、工程型式、供水模式方面都作了大量的探索和实践,找到了利用平原水库实施集中供水解决农村饮水安全的办法,加快了解决农村饮水安全的进程.平原水库集中供水实现村村通自来水,具有水质、水量、使用方便的优越性;从水源、资金、运营与管理等方面分析了建立统一的平原水库城乡供水体系的可行性;阐述了解决饮水安全对推动社会主义新农村建设的重要意义.     

Biomanipulating the drinking water reservoir of Estonia's capital city: Prospects for success

The possibility of utilizing biomanipulation to improve the water quality of Tallinn's drinking water reservoir (Lake Ülemiste) was analysed on the basis of water quality data, test fishing by different methods, and earlier studies on aquatic plants, light climate and sediments. Eutrophic, polymictic Lake Ülemiste is characterized by a prevalence of high filamentous cyanobacteria biomass, rotifers in the zooplankton community, mature bream in the fish biomass, and a high density of planktivores (YOY perch). Several prerequisites for being a potential target for biomanipulation were identified, including (i) decreased external total phosphorus (TP) loading; and (ii) a sufficient stock of piscivorous fish in the lake. Prohibition of fishing should favour biomanipulation efforts. The potential for recolonization of macrophytes and large Daphnia species in Lake Ülemiste could be judged from historical data. The in-lake TP concentrations are within the limits that facilitate successful restoration. As phytoplankton biomass was significantly limited by phosphorus in Lake Ülemiste, its water quality improvement will be driven primarily by reduced nutrient concentrations, and then by zooplankton grazing. Internal TP loading and a new phytoplankton species community were assessed as major challenges for successful implementation of biomanipulation as a means of improving the water quality of Lake Ülemiste.     

南宁市应对突发性水源污染的城市应急供水系统建设探讨

为应对突发性水源污染事件,建立起南宁市应急供水系统,对南宁市城市饮用水水源状况、城市供水现状及城市需水量进行了分析．从应急水源选择、应急技术设施建设与水厂改造、城市供水管网建设与维护等方面．对南宁市城市应急供水系统建设进行了探讨。     

臭氧在饮用水处理中的应用

阐述臭氧在水处理中的氧化消毒机理,其强氧化性能破坏了有机物的分子结构,将一部分有机物彻底分解,同时将大分子有机物生成小分子有机物,改变了有机物性质,提高了其可生化性。介绍臭氧在水处理中的应用,如预氧化对微污染水中有机物、无机物、藻类及颗粒物的去除,以及对饮用水消毒杀菌。     

水利水电工程高边坡的危险源辨识和风险评价

高边坡稳定一直是水利水电工程中的难点问题,笔者结合危险源理论,依据已有工程项目的经验和相关规范、标准,采用经验对比法对高边坡危险源展开较为深入的辨识。在此基础上,构建了水利水电工程高边坡风险评价指标体系,考虑到指标体系中定量指标和定性指标相结合以及最终风险评价结果存在模糊性的特点,结合具体工程实例,应用模糊层次分析法对水利水电工程高边坡风险评价进行了探讨。     

集中式地下水水源地环境风险评价方法研究及应用

随着经济的发展,城市不断扩张,很多水源地环境风险日益增加。现今,关于集中式地表水域或湖库型饮用水水源地环境风险评估的研究很多,但对集中式地下水源地环境风险评价研究较少。综合考虑潜在风险源、地下水水源地脆弱性和水源地环境风险防控与应急能力等方面建立了适用于地下水类型的集中式饮用水水源地环境风险评价指标体系和评价方法,并对沈阳市沈北新区7处地下水水源地进行评价。结果表明:潜在风险源和脆弱性分别作为外因和内因,是影响地下水水源地环境风险的主要因素;CLJPSC水源地(2.793)、YJ水源地(2.322)和HJ水源地(2.082)3处水源地为中等风险水源地,NCGSB水源地(1.969)、HJJSC水源地(1.790)、SMJT水源地(1.551)以及GGSYGLC水源地(1.464)为低环境风险水源地。     

Health risks of pollutants in the surface water sources of the centralized drinking water supply in Zhengzhou,China

To evaluate the potential adverse effects caused by pollutants in the surface water sources of drinking water in Zhengzhou, concentrations of 10 elements were measured and their health risks assessed. The results show that only some concentrations of iron, manganese and fluorine are higher than the corresponding environmental quality standards. Risk assessments indicate that risk quotients (all values with carcinogenic effects of arsenic, three values of worst-case of lead and one value of worst-case of fluorine) exceed the limits respectively; one hazard index of fluorine is more than 1; and all 95% of cancer-risk values of arsenic and lead are above 1.0E-6.     

汶川地震灾区城市供水的水质风险和应急处理技术与工艺

对汶川大地震后震区饮用水水源存在的次生污染风险进行分析,其中微生物浓度升高是首要风险,同时还存在大量使用消杀剂引起的杀虫剂污染和水源臭味增强的风险。针对这些风险,开展了一系列应急处理技术的验证性试验,提出了保障性应急处理工艺、强化吸附应急处理工艺和强化氧化应急处理工艺三种方案,以应对可能出现的震后次生水源污染,确保城市饮用水水质安全。     

绥化市农村饮用水水质安全评价

以黑龙江省浽化市为例,对黑龙江卫生检疫部门提供的农村饮用水源水水质监测资料,应用统计分析方法,分析绥化农村饮用水水质调查监测资料,结果表明:农村饮用水水质不安全.     

超临界水氧化技术在城市污泥处理中的应用

综述了超临界水氧化(SCWO)技术的基本原理和工艺、在城市污泥处理中应用的国内外研究进展,并就SCWO处理城市污泥的前景作了展望。SCWO技术处理城市污泥,污泥中有机物的去除率可达99.9%以上,污泥氧化后的最终残余固体产物的容积仅为浓缩污泥容积的1.2%左右,反应后剩余收集液的COD质量浓度小于10 mg/L,处理后的残留固体还可以进行磷酸盐和重金属回收。     

Initial appraisal of water quality of Lake Santa Ana,Mexico

Lake Santa Ana is located in the Mexican central plateau, a semiarid region characterized by low rainfall and high evaporation rates. Because of the area's climatic conditions, most of its few existing lakes and reservoirs are ephemeral, with significantly reduced surface areas during the dry season. Mexican authorities currently pay little or no attention to these special aquatic ecosystems. As a consequence, several of these waterbodies are severely degraded in regard to both water quantity and quality. As a result, this report describes Lake Santa Ana as a case study. Several water quality parameters, including physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal concentrations, were measured at eight sampling sites in the lake, and four sites in the lake basin, in 2005. Some dissolved ions were also analysed in 2007 in the lake, and in a well located close to the lake, in order to evaluate possible interactions between groundwater and surface waters. These study results indicate that the lake does not have significant interactions with groundwater in the local aquifer. Most of the measured water quality parameters do not meet the international suggested standards for inland surface waters to sustain aquatic life, and preserve the habitat for both endemic and migratory waterfowl. Loss of aquatic habitats puts at risk the value of the central portion of Mexico as a migratory route for North American waterfowl species.     

深圳市水资源承载能力模糊综合评价

采用模糊综合评价法对深圳市水资源承载能力进行综合评价，评价指标包括人均GDP、万元GDP综合耗水率、城镇居民人均月生活用水量、废污水排放率、水资源开发利用率、人均水资源可利用量、水质优良率、植被覆盖率和水资源综合管理效率，并将其分成高中低3级，参照国内不同地区的指标值，提出了评价指标分级的标准值；采用线性函数作为模糊隶属度计算的函数形式，提出了对计算结果进行模糊综合评价的计算方法和评价标准。采用此方法对深圳市2002年的水资源承载能力进行了综合评价，结论为深圳市2002年水资源承载能力处于适载的临界范围，有较强的超载迹象，应采取措施提高水资源的承载能力。     

以实施农村饮水安全项目为契机促进城乡供水一体化建设

通过分析防城港市农村饮水现状和以往人畜饮水工程项目的建设和运行管理存在的问题,提出饮水安全项目建设结合城乡供水一体化的解决办法,并以2005年结合城乡供水一体化建设,实施农村饮水安全项目所取得的成效,提出下一步通过饮水安全项目促进城乡供水一体化建设的思路.