油菜籽热风干燥传热传质与优化的研究进展

油菜是经济价值高、发展潜力大的油料作物,也是蛋白质、饲料、蜜源和能源作物,油菜籽的干燥和储存联系油菜高产栽培和油脂深加工综合利用。本文在分析油菜籽干燥特点和主要干燥技术的基础上,综述了油菜籽热风干燥传热传质与优化的研究进展,以期为油菜籽热风干燥装置设计、干燥工艺、参数和过程优化等的研究提供依据。目前,有关油菜籽热风干燥传热传质与优化的研究多限于实验层面,不具有广泛适用性。传统干燥理论和模型大多以Luikov理论和Whitaker理论为基础,对其适当简化或修正,由于假设多孔介质为均匀分布连续介质,无法揭示局部和整体之间的本质联系。将分形理论与孔道网络模型相结合是多孔介质干燥尺度综合的有效方法。数值研究有宏观、多尺度和微观三个层面,借助CFD技术可以有效获悉干燥速率、能量消耗和湿分分布等信息,以优化干燥装置和过程控制。油菜籽热风干燥实验研究主要集中在干燥特性、干燥品质及其测量技术等方面,为获得良好的干燥品质,应注意干燥工艺、参数和过程优化。     

盘式干燥器加热盘的设计

文章通过对盘工干燥器主要承压部件－加热盘的受力分析，建立了加热盘上，下板的力学模型，并推出了板的挠曲线方程式和应力计算公式，由此得到了板厚度的计算方法。     

盘式干燥器加热盘的设计

文章通过对盘式干燥器主要承压部件──加热盘的受力分析，建立了加热盘上、下板的力学模型，并推出了板的挠曲线方程式和应力计算公式，由此得到了板厚度的计算方法。     

升华干燥中的传热传质分析

应用数学分析方法对升华干燥的基本条件和必要条件及其传热传质过程进行了分析计算,为研究和应用升华干燥技术提供了理论依据。     

升华干燥中的传热传质分析

应用数学分析方法对升华干燥的基本条件和必要条件及其传热传质过程进行了分析计算 ,为研究和应用升华干燥技术提供了理论依据     

哈密瓜切片热风干燥特性及数学模型

目的:提高规模化生产的哈密瓜品质,缩短干燥周期。方法:以不同漂烫时间(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 min)、浸渍液(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%柠檬酸溶液)预处理哈密瓜切片,并分别研究不同热风温度(35,45,55,65,75℃)、热风速度(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 m/s)和切片厚度(2,4,6,8,10 mm)条件下的哈密瓜切片热风干燥特性和水分扩散系数,拟合不同薄层干燥数学模型。结果:0.4%柠檬酸预处理后得到品质最优的干制产品,热风温度和切片厚度对切片干燥影响较为显著,哈密瓜切片无恒速干燥阶段,有效水分扩散系数为1.1348×10^-7~4.9080×10^-7 m²/s,活化能为28.15 kJ/mol。结论:哈密瓜切片的最佳热风干燥工艺为热风温度55℃、热风速度2.0 m/s、切片厚度6 mm,Page模型具有最高的R²值和最小的均方根误差,更适于评估和预测哈密瓜热风干燥的水分去除规律。     

甘蔗皮热风对流干燥特性及数学模型

以甘蔗皮为试材,研究不同甘蔗皮长度、热风温度及热风速度下甘蔗皮的热风对流干燥特性,利用Origin2018软件对实验数据进行数学模型拟合,得到甘蔗皮的热风薄层干燥模型。结果表明:热风温度升高,甘蔗皮干燥速率增大;热风干燥温度超过100℃,甘蔗皮不但成品色泽变暗,而且干燥过程中还散发刺鼻焦糊气味。增大风速,可以缩短甘蔗皮干燥周期;但是,风速超过4 m/s,进一步增大风速对提升甘蔗皮干燥速率不明显。甘蔗皮长度过短、过长都不利于提升甘蔗皮干燥速率,25 cm甘蔗皮干燥速率最大。甘蔗皮热风干燥下(温度为70～120℃)的有效水分扩散系数为(9.221×10~(-9)～2.626 2×10~(-8))m~2/s,活化能E_a=13.58 kJ/mol。对9种不同数学模型进行拟合,发现Page模型具有最高的R~2值和最低的均方根误差RMSE,更适于评估甘蔗皮热风干燥的水分脱除规律。     

热风干燥甘薯片的热质传递分析

为探究甘薯片在热风干燥过程中的温度和水分分布,建立数值模型来模拟不同恒定干燥温度(50,60,70,80 ℃)的传热、传质过程。由于物料在热风干燥过程中会发生较为明显的收缩效应,其有效水分扩散系数会发生改变,对模拟的精准度产生影响,因此对比了依赖温度、收缩相关扩散系数两种方式的传热、传质过程。结果表明,基于收缩相关的有效水分扩散系数能准确地描述甘薯片的热风干燥过程,其中依赖收缩的水分比以及温度的模拟值与试验值的决定系数(R2)在 0.976~0.994和0.961~0.981之间。为了分析不同热风温度对甘薯片干燥后质量的影响,从色差、复水率及感官评分方面分析,得出60 ℃为甘薯片热风干燥的最佳温度。模拟试验结果表明,有效水分扩散系数随热风温度的升高而上升,传热、传质系数对甘薯片温度变化以及干燥过程的影响十分显著。所开发的模型可为不同干燥温度下模拟研究其它农作物的干燥过程提供借鉴。     

番木瓜热风干燥特性分析

探讨不同干燥温度和不同切片厚度条件下番木瓜的热风干燥特性。通过9种数学模型对番木瓜热风干燥试验数据进行拟合,结果表明:同大多数农产品干燥一样,番木瓜热风干燥主要为降速过程。不同干燥温度和物料厚度番木瓜热风干燥的水分有效扩散系数Deff的变化范围分别是1.798 4×10-8~3.323 3×10-8,0.579 3×10-8~2.852 2×10-8 m2/s,由此可以看出番木瓜热风干燥的水分有效扩散系数随着干燥温度和物料厚度的增大而增大;Page模型是番木瓜热风干燥过程的最适模型,平均R2值、SSE值、RMSE值和X2值分别为0.998 1,0.003 3,0.012 4,0.000 2。经回归分析,得到温度、厚度与有效水分扩散系数Deff的关系表达式。研究结果可以为生产实践中预测番木瓜热风干燥的水分变化提供参考。     

胡萝卜丝热风干燥因素分析

利用ＧＺ－１型热风干燥试验台对低浓度糖盐溶液渗后胡萝卜丝进行薄层干燥试验，确定了影响物料层干燥速率的各因素主次，分析了风温，风味，物料层厚度对脱水速率，干制品品质的影响规律，提出了较佳的脱水工艺和合理的性能参数。     

A method for the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient in potato drying

A method for the determination of the heat transfer coefficient was proposed for the first falling drying period of potato cubes. During this period, heat and mass transfer were considered as coupled phenomena. Temperature calculation inside the sample was performed using the macroscopic heat transfer balance. The heat transfer coefficient was computed by means of parametric identification, using the Gauss–Newton method. The figure obtained for the heat transfer coefficient shows good agreement with other sources.     

Performance analysis of drying of green olive in a tray dryer

This paper deals with the performance evaluation of a single layer drying process of green olives in a tray dryer using exergy analysis method. Green olive was used as the test material being dried. Drying process was realized at four different drying air temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and a constant relative humidity of 15%. The effects of temperatures and mass flow rates were investigated. Maximum exergy efficiency of the drying chamber was obtained at a temperature of 70 °C and a drying air mass flow rate of 0.015 kg/s with 0.0004 kg/s of olive. The exergy efficiency values were found to be in the range of 68.65%–91.79% from 40 °C to 70 °C with drying air mass flow rates of 0.01 kg/s–0.015 kg/s.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of heat and moisture transfer during drying of Ataulfo mango

A theoretical and experimental study for the drying kinetics of Ataulfo mango slices was carried out. In the study different thicknesses, air drying temperature, maturity degree and non-isotropic mass diffusion were considerate. The 2D temperature and moisture distributions inside the slice were predicted by using a theoretical model. The water effective diffusion coefficient, the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients, the drying curves and the center temperature were getting by the experimental model. A parametric study was carried out in the ranging of air drying temperatures from 50 to 70 °C, slices with thickness of 2–5 mm and maturity degree from 13.2 to 22°Brix. It was found from the experimental results that slices of Ataulfo mango present an isotropic behavior with an uncertainty of 2.47%. The drying rate reduces in 4.5% as 1 mm thickness increase, and decreases in 8.0% for each 1°Brix increased.     

基于多尺度的稻谷干燥热湿耦合传递的数值研究

为保证稻谷在储藏时的品质,收获后的稻谷通常需要干燥到一定水分后储藏,研究稻谷干燥过程的热湿传递规律具有重要意义。目前稻谷干燥过程中热湿传递的分析大多基于连续介质假说和局部热湿平衡原理而进行的,这种方法的局限性在于很难获得粮堆干燥过程中粮粒内部的热湿迁移规律。本文基于稻谷粮堆孔隙尺度和粮粒尺度,采用局部非平衡热湿传递模型,模拟分析了在对流干燥条件下稻谷单颗粒以及颗粒群的热湿传递规律。研究结果表明,本研究模拟值与文献中干燥实验数据相对误差(RE)小于6.50 %,平均相对偏差(MRD)小于4.00 %,得出该模型具有一定的准确性;与基于局部热湿平衡多孔介质热湿耦合研究方法所得的稻谷颗粒群温度和水分传递结果进行对比,本研究所建立的模型更能准确体现出谷物颗粒在通风干燥时内部的热湿迁移规律。本研究所开发的模型能预测不同尺度下稻谷颗粒的温度和水分分布。     

A new solution approach for simultaneous heat and mass transfer during convective drying of mango

The present investigation is contemplated to fill a gap in analytical modelling of coupled heat and mass transfer during convective drying process. A transport model to describe the temperature and moisture evolutions of mango slab is established. The main innovation introduced in this study is represented with the procedure of temperature and moisture predictions. Mango fruit dehydration can be easily simulated with implementation of the present advanced analytical technique at different operating conditions. Moreover, the temperature and moisture history of mango slice are presented for varying values of the drying air factors counting temperature, velocity, relative humidity and initial food temperature. This work confirms that notable time can be saved without sacrificing accuracy by applying proposed model. This method is expected to be useful for fast and accurate drying simulation. The agreement between published experimental results and model predictions is remarkable and an accurate simulation of experimental drying curves is obtained.     

Exergy,energy and economic analysis of a V-groove assist rotating tray type solar cabinet dryer for drying potato chips

In this present work we have studied the exergy, energy and economic performance of a V-grooved type air collector with rotating trays type of solar cabinet dryer for drying potato chips in the sunny days of winter season at Bhubaneswar (20.2961° N, 85.8245° E), Odisha. The obtained results from this experiment were also compared with the performance of a flat plate air collector with rotating trays used in the same dryer. The average energy efficiency of the solar air collector (SAC) and drying chamber (DC) was found to be 73.3% and 24.8% in case of V-grooved and 60.1% and 19.3% in case of plane collector respectively. The average exergy inflow, outflow, loss and efficiency of the drying chamber in case of V-grooved collector was found as 19.7 W, 11.82 W, 7.88 W and 58.14% where as it was 22.3 W, 12.96 W, 9.34.88 W and 56.12% in case of plane collector respectively. Similarly the average exergy inflow, outflow, loss and efficiency of the SAC in case of V-grooved was found as 845 W, 20.1 W, 824.9 W and 1.99% where as it was 830 W, 22 W, 808 W and 2.28% in case of plane collector respectively. The average exergy and energy efficiency of the V-grooved type chamber are found to be 3.47% and 22.17% higher respectively as compared to plane collector. The air temperature at the inlet and outlet of the SAC and DC mainly affects the exergy value.     

A mathematical model for simulating heat and moisture transfer within porous cotton fabric drying inside the domestic air-vented drum dryer

A mathematical model was developed to describe the processes of coupled heat and mass and momentum transfer occurring in convective drying of 100% porous cotton fabric. In this model, the variation in both air and fabric properties were expressed as a function of temperature and moisture content. The resulting systems of transient non-linear partial differential equations in the space-time domain together with the set of initial values and boundary conditions were numerically solved by utilizing the finite difference method. A series of laboratory drying experiments were performed using a computer-controlled dehydration system, which was developed to obtain data of drying kinetics under varying operating conditions for the validation of the predicted results from the proposed model. The experimental results has shown a very good agreement with the predictions of the model, which indicates that the proposed numerical model can be used with confidence as a tool in optimizing the design and operation of the fabric drying system. A parametric study was performed using the modeling tool has demonstrated the impact of key operational parameters on the drying kinetics, which has significant meaning on improving fabric’s appearance smoothness and decreasing the damage. It is expected that the model can be applied for other fiber products and processes involving similar phenomena.     

大麦苗粉的热风与微波联合干燥工艺优化

目的探索大麦苗粉的快速干燥方法。方法分别使用热风干燥(hot-air drying,AD)和热风-微波(microwave drying,MD)联合干燥(AD+MD)方式对大麦苗粉的干燥工艺进行研究。考察干燥过程中热风温度、微波功率、转换点含水率对叶绿素、总黄酮含量的影响。结果最佳联合干燥工艺条件为:热风温度66.2℃,微波功率231 W,转换点含水率50.91%,此时测得叶绿素含量为(6.006±0.192)mg/g,与理论预测值的相对误差为-0.77%;总黄酮的含量为(5.695±0.145)mg/g,与理论预测值的相对误差为-1.18%。与热风干燥相比,联合干燥的大麦苗粉中营养成分含量分别提高了3.69%、13.04%,干燥时间缩短了22%。结论热风与微波联合干燥是大麦苗粉干燥的一种较优方法,为大麦苗粉的干燥加工提供科学参考。     

火龙果热泵干燥数值模拟及试验

目的:提高火龙果干制品的品质。方法:基于多孔介质理论和菲克定律,建立火龙果传热传质与固体力学多物理场耦合的数学模型,并研究火龙果在热泵干燥过程中的温度与含水率的变化规律。结果:考虑体积收缩的模型计算精度更高,达到干燥标准时,模拟值与试验值的最大相对误差为9.2%。火龙果片在干燥初期温度分布由表面向中心逐渐降低,后期达到平衡,而水分分布呈相反趋势。火龙果片在热泵干燥过程中的温度、湿度梯度力是导致其收缩变形的主要因素。不同干燥温度和切片厚度下火龙果片的干基含水率的计算值与试验值变化趋势一致,相对误差均<10%,证明了模型的准确性。结论:试验建立的多物理场耦合的数学模型能够准确模拟火龙果热泵干燥过程。     

热泵干燥温度对柿子片干燥特性及品质的影响

目的:探明热泵干燥温度对柿子片干燥特性和品质的影响。方法:以柿子为原料,研究干燥温度对柿子片干燥时间、干燥速率,以及干制品色泽、硬度、复水率、单宁、总糖、维生素C和总酸的影响。结果:当热泵干燥温度为65℃时,柿子片干燥速度快,干燥时间短,此时干燥产品色泽鲜艳,与鲜果色泽相近,复水性能好,硬度最低,口感最好,总酸和维生素C含量最高,总糖等营养成分含量适中。结论:柿子片的最适热泵干燥温度为65℃。