地衣腌菜中产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

采用滤纸片双层平板法从自制酸奶、市售散装腌菜和袋装榨菜中分离出乳酸菌,再对分离的乳酸菌进行抑菌试验、酸和过氧化氢抑制作用的排除、蛋白酶的敏感检测和抑菌谱测定,最后对所得菌株形态和生理生化特性进行鉴定。结果:从样品中筛选到5株具有较高抑菌活性的乳酸菌菌株,在排除了酸和过氧化氢干扰后,发酵上清液仍有很强的抑菌作用;经蛋白酶处理后,发酵液的抑菌活性显著下降,说明该抑菌物具有蛋白质性质,是一类细菌素。这5株菌对绿脓假单胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠埃希氏菌均有很强的抑菌活性,并选出抑菌活性最强的菌株E2-2,初步鉴定其为戊糖乳杆菌。     

产广谱细菌素口乳杆菌菌株的筛选和鉴定

从冷藏鲜肉制品中分离筛选到的36株乳酸菌中筛选出1株对指示菌具有明显抑菌作用的菌株,排除有机酸、过氧化氢等干扰因素后,该菌株发酵液仍有很强的抑菌作用.胃蛋白酶处理导致其抑菌活性急剧下降,表明该抑菌物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素.抑菌谱实验显示,这是一类广谱细菌素.通过形态学、生理生化特性分析,该菌株被初步鉴定为口乳杆菌.     

产细菌素乳酸菌的选育及其抑菌特性的研究

采用牛津杯琼脂扩散法,从实验室保存的乳酸菌中筛选到具有较高抑菌活性的菌株嗜酸乳杆菌A、戊糖片球菌M和戊糖片球菌T,它们产生的抑菌物质经排除酸、过氧化氢后,仍具有抑菌活性,然而经蛋白酶处理后其抑菌活性明显下降,确定其抑菌物质为细菌素,进一步的抑菌实验表明,3株菌所产细菌素具有较宽的抑菌谱,适宜用作生物型防腐剂。     

一株产细菌素乳酸菌的分离和鉴定

从市售3种酸乳中分离得到4株乳酸菌,通过发酵液的抑菌实验确定S1菌株为细菌素产生菌,综合S1菌株的形态学特征、生理生化特征将其初步鉴定为乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis.)。在排除过氧化氢和有机酸对指示菌的抑制作用后,确定该菌株产生的抑菌物质为细菌素,该细菌素对大肠杆菌具有较好抑制作用。     

植物乳杆菌C8-1产类细菌素的初步研究

从发酵2周的泡菜中分离到66株乳杆菌,以其中4株乳杆菌作为出发菌株进行紫外诱变处理得到一株产类细菌素的突变株C8-1。基于细胞形态、生理生化和16S rDNA测序数据,菌株C8-1被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。菌株C8-1所产的类细菌素具有较宽的抑菌谱,能够抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等多种食品腐败菌和致病菌;有较好的热稳定性,在4℃冷藏5 d和-20℃冷冻5d以及60,80,100℃和121℃分别加热15 min,活性损失均不超过6%;且抑菌活性随pH值增大逐步降低,当pH≥6时,抑菌活性消失,对胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶耐受性较强,对胰蛋白酶较为敏感。这些数据表明,产类细菌素的植物乳杆菌C8-1在食品加工中具有进一步地潜在应用价值。     

生物保鲜乳酸菌的筛选及其细菌素特性研究

利用牛津杯法从传统泡菜和腊肠中分离的80株乳酸菌中筛选出10株具有较高抑菌活性的乳酸菌.通过排除酸性产物有机酸、过氧化氢干扰及抑菌谱试验,LAB5和LAB55仍表现广谱的抑菌活性;2菌株发酵上清液经蛋白酶K、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性均有降低,其中LAB5对木瓜蛋白酶敏感,因此可以初步判定这2株乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质为细菌素.2种细菌素具有良好的热稳定性,pH值越低抑菌能力越强;2株菌表现良好的产酸能力,经生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定为植物乳杆菌.     

1株产细菌素植物乳杆菌的筛选及其细菌素抑菌性质研究

从广西巴马地区取样的米粉中共分离出31株乳酸菌,以单核细胞增生李斯特菌为指示菌,采用牛津杯平板扩散法检测抑菌物质,筛选得到1株产细菌素的乳酸菌M23。通过微生物形态学与16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。植物乳杆菌M23代谢产生的乳酸菌细菌素在p H 2.0~10.0范围内具有良好的抑菌活性,121℃处理15 min的条件下依然具有抑菌活性,表明其具有良好的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性。发酵试验表明,该乳酸菌素的最佳收获时间为乳酸菌培养14 h。抑菌谱试验表明,该乳酸菌素能够有效抑制部分食源性革兰氏阳性、阴性致病菌。     

清酒乳杆菌ZJ220产细菌素的研究

从生鲜牛乳中分离获得1株能够产生抑菌活性物质的菌株,在排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰后,该菌发酵上清液仍有明显的抑菌活性。以蛋白酶K、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理发胶上清液后其抑菌活性消失,试验表明该菌株产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,初步确定为一种细菌素。经生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定该菌为清酒乳杆菌,命名为Lactobacillus sakei ZJ220。细菌素经疏水洗脱、离子交换、凝胶过滤3步法得到纯化。经Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析该细菌素分子质量为6.0 ku。抑菌谱测定结果表明,该细菌素不仅能抑制革兰氏阳性菌,而且能抑制革兰氏阴性菌。经不同酸、热处理,该细茵素仍有较好的抑菌活性。     

几种酸泡菜中产细菌素植物乳杆菌的分离与鉴定

文中从六种泡菜中分离出217株乳杆菌，通过琼脂点扩散交叉拮抗试验，筛选出发酵液有抑制作用的12株植物乳杆菌。排除了酸、过氧化氢的作用后，7株的离心发酵液对来自于甘蓝泡菜的1株植物乳杆菌Lactobacillusplantarum96D仍有抑菌活性，其中G6、G8、G9、和H16四菌株效果显著，且在发酵过程中均有新的蛋白质产生，说明它们产生的抑菌物质是细菌素。     

浓香型窖泥中高产细菌素乳酸菌的鉴定及特性

以双层琼脂扩散法从浓香型窖泥中筛选出1株(LP16)具有高抑菌活性的菌株,研究其代谢产物在窖泥中的作用。结果表明:经形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rRNA鉴定出菌株LP16为副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei);其发酵上清液在排除有机酸、过氧化氢干扰后仍有明显抑菌效果,而经胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K、木瓜蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶处理后残余抑菌率分别为40.43%、43.48%、47.83%和51.30%,抑菌活性部分丧失,说明抑菌成分包含蛋白属性的细菌素;菌株LP16所产细菌素分别经高温、低pH(pH<5)、紫外线照射、表面活性剂处理均能保持抑菌活性,且在pH2~10范围内具有pH耐受性;抑菌谱较广,对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及部分乳酸菌有明显的抑制作用,但对霉菌和酵母菌无抑制作用。因此在浓香型白酒生产中该菌产生的细菌素不仅能抑制病原菌的生长,也能控制乳酸的过多生成。     

Inhibition of Clostridium tyrobutyricum by bacteriocin-like substances produced by lactic acid bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria were selected for their inhibitory activity against Clostridium tyrobutyricum under conditions that eliminate the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Four strains were isolated belonging to the species Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. The sensitivity of the inhibitory substances to pronase and trypsine indicates that they are proteins or peptides different from nisin. Their resistance to phospholipase D indicates that they are also different from lactostrepcin. The inhibitory substances are produced during the exponential phase of growth. Their activity is bactericidal and directed toward some strains of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Streptococcus thermophilus, but strains used as dairy starters, Lactobacillus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Propionibacterium shermanii, are not all affected by the inhibition.     

水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌多样性分析

采用传统分离培养方法,从三品杂交生水牛奶混合样品中,分离出105株乳酸菌,通过形态、生理生化、API细菌鉴定系统及16S rDNA基因序列分析方法对各菌株属种进行鉴定。16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,105株菌共分为5个属8个种,呈现较为丰富的乳酸菌多样性,具体数量分布为乳酸乳球菌21株,植物乳杆菌19株,格氏乳球菌17株,乳明串珠菌13株,食窦魏斯氏菌11株,肠膜明串珠菌8株,类肠膜魏斯氏菌6株,嗜热链球菌5株,糊精乳杆菌5株。由此可知,水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌优势菌群的主次关系为：乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）＞植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaru）＞格氏乳球菌（Lactococcus garvieae）＞乳明串珠菌（Leuconostoc lactis）＞食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）,此为后续开发水牛乳中优势乳酸菌资源提供了良好的理论基础。     

高效抑菌作用乳酸菌的选育

对从自然发酵辣椒中分离出的66株乳酸菌的抑菌特性进行了研究,结果发现66株乳酸菌中仅有28株对指示菌表现出抑菌活性,从这28株中选育出了三株具有广谱、高效抑菌作用乳酸菌,对这三株乳酸菌的抑菌成分进行了研究,最后发现起抑菌作用的物质是细菌素。     

摩洛哥发酵橄榄汁中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其多样性研究

为了分离、保藏自然发酵食品中乳酸菌资源,丰富自然发酵食品中乳酸菌多样性信息,本文采用纯培养方法和宏基因组16S rRNA基因测序技术对采集自摩洛哥的2份自然发酵橄榄汁中的乳酸菌进行分离鉴定和多样性研究。结果表明:2份样品中共分离鉴定出52株乳酸菌,分属于3个属、4个种,其中乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）为摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡地区发酵橄榄汁中的优势菌种,占总分离株的42.31%,同时还分离到植物乳杆菌和肠球菌;利用PacBio SMRT16S rRNA测序技术,将橄榄汁中的细菌归为5个门、40个属和80个种,优势菌种同样为Lactococcus lactis,其次还检测到干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。     

广谱、高效抑菌作用乳酸菌的选育

本对从自然发酵辣椒中分离出的66株乳酸菌的抑菌特性进行了研究，结果发现66株乳酸菌中仅有28株对指示菌表现出抑菌活性，从这28株中选育出了三株具有广谱、高效抑菌作用乳酸菌，对这三株乳酸菌的抑菌成分进行了研究，最后发现起抑菌作用的物质是细菌素。     

1株抑制乳房炎病原菌乳杆菌的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌机理研究

为了研究乳酸菌对牛乳房炎病原菌的抑制作用,降低牛乳房炎所造成的经济损失。本实验以大肠杆菌ATCC25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、无乳链球菌ATCC14556作为指示菌,综合抑菌试验和黏附试验从8株乳杆菌中筛选抑菌效果较好的菌株。结果表明,乳杆菌KLDS1.0344对指示菌的抑制作用比其他乳杆菌的作用更明显,最大抑菌直径为15.4 mm,经过对16S rDNA鉴定,发现KLDS1.0344为植物乳杆菌,同时,对抑菌机理的初步研究表明,其代谢过程中产生的乳酸和细菌素类物质对抑制三种指示菌发挥主要作用,而且这些抑菌活性物质在酸性条件下才具有更强的抑菌活力。     

Characterization and selection of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Iberian dry-fermented salchichón and chorizo sausages

ABSTRACT:  A total of 192 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 2 types of naturally fermented dry sausages at 3 different stages of the ripening process in order to select the most suitable strains as starter cultures in dry-cured sausage manufacture according to their technological characteristics such as glucose fermentation, lactic and acetic acid production, and proteolytic, lipolytic, and antimicrobial activities. Identification of the isolates revealed that 31.2% were Pediococcus pentosaceus , 26.9% Lactococcus lactis , 18.6% Pediococcus acidilactici , 17% Lactobacillus brevis , and sporadic isolates of Leuconostoc mesenteroides , Lactobacillus plantarum , and Lactobacillus curvatus . Most of the strains did not produce gas from glucose and showed the capacity to produce lactic acid rapidly. Some 25% of the strains were able to degrade tributyrin (esterase activity), but none showed lipolytic activity against olive oil and pork fat. Only 3 strains of P. acidilactici showed weak proteolytic activity against myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic proteins. Also, the same strains showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes . Nine strains with the best properties were preselected and tested for biogenic amine production. The results showed that two of the strains, identified as P. acidilactici by polymerase chain reaction, had the potential to be further tested as starter cultures in pilot processing of Iberian sausages.     

Characterization of certain bacterial strains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures in dairy products

The present work was aimed at characterizing 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to obtain improved potential starter or probiotic cultures that could be used for making dairy products from ewe's milk and cow's milk. Eight strains with antimicrobial properties, isolated from ewe's milk and from cheese made from ewe's and/or cow's milk, were studied. They were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (five strains), Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (one strain of each species). Additionally, four strains were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection: Lactobacillus casei 393 (isolated from cheese), L. lactis subsp. lactis 11454 (origin nonspecified and a producer of nisin), and two strains isolated from human feces (L. paracasei subsp. paracasei 27092 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 53103, antibacterial agent producer). All E. faecalis strains showed at least one virulence factor (either hemolysin or gelatinase), which emphasizes the importance of these studies in this species. Both L. lactis strains and most Lactobacillus spp. were good acidifiers in ewe's milk and cow's milk at 30°C. High β-galactosidase activity, as well as aminopeptidase activities that favor the development of desirable flavors in cheese, were detected in all Lactobacillus spp. strains. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 showed α-fucosidase activity (thought to help colonization of the intestine) and lack of α-glucosidase activity (a trait considered positive for diabetic and obese humans). This last enzymatic activity was also lacking in L. lactis ATCC 11454. L. mesenteroides was the only strain D(2)-lactic acid producer. The selection of any particular strain for probiotic or dairy cultures should be performed according to the technological and/or functional abilities needed.     

产抗菌肽乳源乳酸菌的筛选及定向培养

为了获得乳酸菌高效表达抗菌肽的代谢调控方法,对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种等7种乳酸菌进行了产抗菌肽能力的筛选和定向培养。筛选出具有较高抑菌活性的菌株嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌,它们产生的抑菌物质经排除酸、过氧化氢后,仍具有抑菌活性,然而经蛋白酶处理后其抑菌活性明显下降。结果表明,两种菌发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用。经一系列定向培养嗜酸乳杆菌抑菌直径达到(23.53±0.06)mm,与未经定向培养的抑菌直径(11.63±0.15)mm相比抑菌活性提高了102%;经定向培养的干酪乳杆菌抑菌直径达到(21.27±0.25)mm,与未经定向培养的抑菌直径(12.50±0.10)mm相比抑菌活性提高了70.2%。     

风干武昌鱼中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及发酵性能研究

为获得具备优良性能的乳酸菌发酵剂,以我国极具特色的发酵肉制品—风干武昌鱼为基础原料,对传统风干武昌鱼在自然发酵过程中不同时期的乳酸菌进行分离鉴定与发酵性能测定。研究通过平板分离、菌落与菌体形态观察、糖醇发酵试验及生理生化试验鉴定所分离乳酸菌。结果表明所分离乳酸菌分属于7个种属:嗜盐四联球菌(Tetragenococcus halophilus)、弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus)、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis)、冷明串珠球菌(Leuconostoc gelidum)、格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)、詹氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus jensenii)和嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylohilus)。进一步采用产酸能力、食盐耐受性、亚硝酸盐耐受性、生长温度以及蛋白质和脂肪降解能力等试验测定菌株发酵性能,最终优化结果表明乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种具备优良乳酸菌发酵剂的性能。