SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-K2O-(F,Cr2O3)玻璃陶瓷的析晶

为了研究形核剂氟化物、氧化铬及其复合作用对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-K2O系玻璃陶瓷形核和析晶的影响,采用高温熔融法制备了不同氟化物和氧化铬含量的基础玻璃,并对该基础玻璃进行了差热分析、显微分析和X射线衍射分析.结果表明:在所研究的玻璃体系中,氟化物或氧化铬的加入,都不同程度地削弱了玻璃体的结构,降低了玻璃的转变温度;当基础玻璃只含有氟化物时,玻璃在表面析出云母晶体,内部发生分相现象,而玻璃中仅含有氧化铬时,玻璃中发生整体析晶;没有氟化物的存在,不能析出云母晶体;当同时加入两种元素的物质后,对玻璃体析晶的影响不是简单的加合,复合的作用更为突出,进一步降低了玻璃的转变温度和析晶温度,整体均匀析出云母晶体.     

预处理对云母晶体析出机制的影响

采用高温融熔法制备SiO2-Al2O3-MgO—F系可加工玻璃陶瓷基础玻璃，应用XRD、SEM和EPMA等方法对不同预处理条件下样品晶体种类、显微组织进行分析，研究不同预处理条件下云母晶体的析出机制．结果表明：在相同组成的玻璃体系中，由于预处理条件的不同，导致了云母晶体以不同的析出机制析出，并且在不同的析出机制下，云母晶体的形态有着显著的差异．在快速升温的情况下，针状云母晶体在试样表面直接形核，相互平行的云母晶体几乎垂直于试样表面向中心长大；当试样预先在分相区处理后再加热到析晶温度时，针束状云母晶体以分相时形成的晶体为异质核心，呈相互交错方式长大；而当试样在过渡相析出区处理后再加热到析晶温度时，片状云母晶体呈相互交错状以异质外延长大机制析出。     

V2O5含量对SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-K2O-V2O5-F系玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响

应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及电子探针(EPMA)等技术研究了V2O5含量对SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-K2O-V2O5-F玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响.结果表明,在所研究的玻璃体系中,V2O5的加入促进了莫来石晶体在较低温度下的析出,而且随着玻璃中V2O5含量的提高,莫来石和云母晶体的析晶温度区间逐渐向低温方向移动.EPMA结果显示在析出的晶体中没有钒元素的聚集,表明V2O5的加入没有参与晶体的直接形核,而是以网络外体的形式存在于玻璃体系中,削弱玻璃的结构,导致晶体析出温度降低.同时发现VO含量尽管对析出晶体的种类没有明显的影响,但是对晶体的形态、大小及数量的影响较为显著.     

SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-F系微晶玻璃的形变析晶

采用高温熔融法制备了SiO2 -Al2O3 -MgO-F系玻璃样品,应用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了该微晶玻璃在自由形变时的析晶特征,得到了微晶玻璃自由形变析晶的规律.结果表明:在热处理过程中随着温度的升高,基础玻璃的黏度逐渐降低,可以在析晶前施加压力使之发生变形.在自由形变的前提下,微晶玻璃析出的晶体在垂直压力和平行压力方向上没有出现定向析晶.显微硬度测试结果也表明在微晶玻璃中没有明显的各向异性特征,不会带来材料性能在不同方向上的差异,为形状复杂、均质同性微晶陶瓷的制备提供了一个有效途径.     

添加氧化物对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷析晶性能的影响

采用恒温场晶粒定向晶化工艺制备了Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷，在组成1．2BaO—1．0TiO2—2．6SiO2的基础玻璃中，分别加入0．2CaO和0．1ZrO2，研究了添加不同的氧化物对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷析晶性能的影响。实验结果表明，加入CaO和ZrO2都会影响主晶相的析出过程，特别是加入ZrO2造成玻璃陶瓷中产生BaZrSi3O9第二相。此外，压电性能测试显示，加入0．2CaO有利于BTS晶体的定向析晶；加入ZrO2不利于BTS晶体的定向析晶。     

ZrO2在云母微晶玻璃中的作用

基于SiO2-MgO-Al2O3三元玻璃系统,通过添加一定量的K2O、B2O3、MgF2、CaO等成分,可得到能析出大量云母晶体、切削性能极佳的云母微晶玻璃;在这种云母微晶玻璃中加入适量的ZrO2,运用XRD、SEM及EDAX手段进行了ZrO2对云母析晶性能及显微组织的影响.结果表明,ZrO2-云母复相微晶玻璃中的ZrO2,不但可以促进分相,而且能细化云母晶粒;在CaO稳定的作用下,能够析出较多的t-ZrO2,为进一步得到高强度高韧性的云母微晶玻璃奠定了组织上的基础.     

SiO2-MgO-Al2 O3-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶

本文应用TEM,XRD和EDAX等技术,系统研究了SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶过程.结果表明:在玻璃熔体的冷却过程中,由于弛豫作用而形成晶核,在随后的热处理过程中,中间相Mg2FB3和KAlSiO4以此核为中心析出;氟的存在促进了晶体的整体析出,而主晶相氟金云母在中间相的晶界处形核长大.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的IR、DTA和XRD研究

利用红外光谱、差热分析、X射线粉末衍射、电子显微镜等手段研究了含有TiO2和ZrO2的堇青石微晶玻璃的分相，成核与析晶过程，热处理过程中玻璃首先发生分相，富含钛离子的一相呈现点滴状，均匀分散于玻璃基体中，随后玻璃中析出大量微小的镁铝钛酸盐晶粒，并保持与玻璃分相类似的显微结构形貌，在玻璃析晶过程中钛离子逐渐向六配位状态转化，表明玻璃中钛离子参与形成晶相，玻璃相中钛离子含量逐渐减少。     

SiO2—MgO—Al2O3—F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶

本文应用TEM,XRD和EDAX等技术,系统研究了SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶过程。结果表明：在玻璃熔体的冷却过程中,由于驰豫作用而形成晶核,在随后的热处理过程中,中间相Mg2FBO3和KAlSiO4以此核为中心析出,氟的存在促进了晶体的整体析出,而主晶相氟金云相在中间相的晶界处形核长大。     

晶化热处理对新型牙科玻璃陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响

分析不同晶化热处理条件对新型牙科二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响.对Li2O-SiO2-K2O-Al2O3-ZrO2-P2O5玻璃进行不同的晶化热处理,X射线衍射(XRD)分析玻璃陶瓷的物相组成,扫描电镜(SEM)观察材料的微观结构,根据ISO6872标准测试材料的弯曲强度,半透性分析采用对比度测试法.结果表明,随着晶化温度的升高,玻璃陶瓷的晶相组成由偏硅酸锂(Li2SiO3)为主转变为以二硅酸锂(Li2Si2O5)为主,晶体尺寸增大,由呈团簇状分布的球形晶逐渐转变成均匀分布的棒状晶,玻璃陶瓷的挠曲强度和对比度值均显著增大.通过调控晶化热处理条件,可实现基础玻璃的受控析晶,制备的玻璃陶瓷可获得较高的挠曲强度和适宜的对比度,能够满足牙科美学修复材料的要求.     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Thermoelectric power of single-phase samples of Tl2CaBa2Cu2O y and Ba2CaSr2Cu2O y

Single-phase 2122 samples of thallium and bismuth superconductors were made by the precursor matrix method. The thermopower of these samples was measured in the temperature range 250 K-T _c . The thermopower was positive and decreased linearly with increasing temperature aboveT _c (onset). The exponential enhancement of thermopower seen in the undoped and doped YBCO was not observed in these samples. The linear variation of thermopower can be explained on the basis of either a two-band model or a narrow band model.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.