超临界CO2分散染料染聚乳酸纤维的研究

以超临界CO2作为染色介质，用分散蓝79对聚乳酸纤维染色，研究了染色温度、压力和时间对聚乳酸纤维染色性能和强力的影响。试验结果表明，随着温度的升高，织物上的染料得色量明显增大。在超临界CO2中进行染色只需10min，即可达到上染平衡，而常规染色需要40min以上。增大压力可使染色织物上的染料得色量增大，压力为17MPa时，上染率达到最大；但进一步增大压力，上染率反而有所下降。超临界CO2染色对纤维强力性能的影响比水介质要小得多，其日晒牢度和皂洗牢度可达到标准要求。     

分散红54超临界CO2染色染料量对上染性能的影响

为解决涤纶染色耗水耗能大、污染严重等问题，利用超临界流体溶胀、传质速率快的特性，对涤纶进行超临界流体无水染色。在压力22 MPa，温度120℃，CO₂流量50 g/min，涤纶织物10 g的染色条件下，研究了不同量的分散红54对涤纶织物染色性能的影响。结果表明:染料质量分数为5%时，可以得到涤纶织物较大上染量36～38 mg/g;当染料量较大时，染色前期的染料量对上染量基本没有影响;而染料量较小时，染料量对上染量有着十分显著的影响，随着染料量的增加，上染量不断增加。     

超临界CO2中分散红对超细涤纶的染色研究

用分散红S-2GFL对超细涤纶在超临界二氧化碳中的染色作了全面的研究,分别考察了温度、时间、压力对织物K/S值和染料上染量的影响,并对各项色牢度进行了测试。结果表明,分散红S-2GFL在超临界二氧化碳中可对超细涤纶实现较好的染色。一定温度下,K/S值随压力、时间的增加而增大;压力、时间不变,K/S值、染料上染量均先随温度的升高而增大,110℃后则逐渐减小。超细涤纶在110℃、25MPa条件下染色60min即可达到良好的染色效果,各项色牢度均能达到或超过常规水浴染色效果。     

涤锦复合纤维织物超临界二氧化碳染色研究

超临界流体染色可以实现无水染色,从源头上解决染色工业废水问题。染色时不添加助剂,无需清洗和烘干。采用分散红15在自行研制的超临界染色设备上上染涤纶/锦纶超细纤维织物,染色时间为60 min,通过分析红外光谱探讨了染料对织物的上染作用,并用K/S值表征分散红15对混合纤维的上染效果。试验结果显示:在温度为110℃,压力为22 MPa的条件下,K/S值最大,染色效果最好;染色后,织物并未引入新的基团,保持了原有的性能;染色牢度均达到了4～5级,符合标准要求。     

锦纶小浴比染色的上染速率量化控制

针对锦纶染色易产生染色不匀的问题,通过在线检测染料浓度,实时监测染料上染速率,探究锦纶织物染色过程中上染速率的量化控制方法。设计了以温度为主要控制因素的控制过程,并在不同浴比条件下进行染色试验,获得了预期的上染控制效果。     

超临界CO2流体流速对涤纶织物染色的影响

超临界CO2流体的流速会影响染料在超临界CO2介质中对涤纶织物的上染性能和染色均匀性。通过研究在不同超临界CO2流速下的C．I．分散红60对涤纶织物的上染性能和匀染性的影响，得出其影响规律。     

分散红60在超临界CO_2染色中的动力学及热力学

在自行研制的生产型超临界流体染色样机中,对分散红60染料在超临界CO2染色过程动力学进行研究。结果表明,染料在涤纶中的扩散系数随温度升高而增大,根据Arrhenius方程求得分散红60在超临界流体中染色涤纶的扩散活化能为22.22 kJ/mol,远小于在水介质中染色的扩散活化能163.84 kJ/mol。通过对分散红60染料在超临界CO2染色过程中的某些热力学参数研究表明,染料在超临界流体的上染量与染料用量成线性关系,上染过程是染料在纤维和流体之间的分配关系,分配系数和染色亲和力随温度升高而减小,染色热和染色熵均为负值,二者分别为-23.63 kJ/mol和-26.09 J/(mol·K)。     

酸性荧光黄73对锦纶6的染色性能

采用酸性荧光黄73对锦纶6进行染色,探讨了染色p H、染色温度、染色时间、Na Cl用量、染料用量对表观色深K/S值的影响,测试了染色织物的荧光效果和色牢度.研究结果表明:染色织物的K/S值随着染色温度的升高和染色时间的延长而逐渐增加,随着染色p H和Na Cl用量的增加而逐渐下降;染色织物具有一定的荧光强度,可满足警示服外的其他服饰的荧光要求.锦纶6的最佳染色工艺为:酸性荧光黄73用量2%(omf),染色p H=5,染色温度高于80℃,染色时间60 min.该工艺下染色的织物具有较好的耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度.     

涤/锦超细纤维的染色动力学性能研究

用分散红FB分别对涤锦复合超细纤维（A）、涤纶海岛超细纤维（B）和普通涤纶纤维（C）进行染色，得出扩散系数D、半染时间tv2等染色动力学参数，结果表明：涤锦复合超细纤维的上染量随时司的延长而增加，染料对纤维的吸附速度随温度的升高而增快、由于锦纶组分的存在，在相同染色温度下，涤锦复合超细纤维的染料吸附量比涤纶纤维少，其扩散系数随着温度的升高而增大，至一定峰值以后逐渐变小，而且随tv2的增大而变小，但这种反比关系不及涤纶超细纤维和普通涤纶纤维明显．     

锦纶织物的MZ酸性染料染色

采用高染色牢度的MZ酸性染料对锦纶织物进行染色,研究了染料质量分数、染色pH值、染色温度和时间,以及氯化钠的加入对锦纶K/S值和上染百分率的影响。酸性MZ染料对锦纶织物的优化染色工艺为:MZ酸性染料2%(omf),pH值4,染色温度98℃,保温60 min。该条件下,酸性黄MZ-3R、酸性红MZ-2B和酸性蓝MZ-B对锦纶织物的上染百分率分别为82.1%、71.0%和73.6%。三只酸性染料在锦纶纤维上具有良好的提升性,染色织物耐洗色牢度和干摩擦牢度均为5级,湿摩擦牢度均达4级以上。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press