蒸馏水含量对三明治结构硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

采用异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇、发泡剂（水）等原料通过一体发泡成型技术制备出一种新型的三明治泡沫夹心复合材料。利用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜等对不同水含量（质量分数分别为0、0.5 %和1.0 %）的硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的泡孔直径、密度、热导率、压缩性能、三点弯曲和热力学性能等做了研究,进而确定提高硬质聚氨酯性能的最佳工艺。结果表明,随着水含量的增加,硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔直径增大,密度变小,热导率降低,保温性能提高,而压缩性能和三点弯曲却呈下降趋势;综合考虑硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔结构和良好的保温隔热及弯曲等力学性能,其最佳含水量为0.5 %。     

Investigation on flammability of rigid polyurethane foam‐mineral fillers composite

This study investigates the incorporation of castor oil–based rigid polyurethane foam with mineral fillers feldspar or kaolinite clay in order to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties. Influence of mineral fillers on the mechanical strength was characterized by compressive strength and flexural strength measurement. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to diagnose the changes in thermal properties, while cone calorimeter test was performed to ascertain the flame retardancy of the mineral filler–incorporated rigid polyurethane foam composites. Results showed that the foams incorporated with mineral filler demonstrated up to 182% increase in compressive strength and 351% increase in flexural strength. Thermal stability of these composite foams was also found to be enhanced on the incorporation of kaolinite clay filler with an increase in 5% weight loss temperature (T_5%) from 192°C to 260°C. Furthermore, peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke release (TSR) were also found to decreased on the incorporation of mineral filler in the rigid polyurethane foam. So mineral fillers are ascertained as a potential filler to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant behaviors of bio‐based rigid polyurethane foam composites.     

玉米秸秆碎粉填充聚氨酯泡沫隔热塑料的研究及应用

采用玉米秸秆碎粉填充聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫塑料,研究了玉米秸秆碎粉的含量、粒径对PUR泡沫塑料的密度和压缩强度的影响,并对其导热性能进行了研究。结果表明,玉米秸秆碎粉填充PUR泡沫板的性能与未填充PUR泡沫板的性能相当,但成本相对较低;玉米秸秆碎粉填充PUR泡沫板可用作渠道防渗保温材料。     

Hydraulic resistance of rigid polyurethane foams. I. Effect of different surfactants on foam structure and properties

Foams used in buoyancy applications must resist penetration by water at significant depths of immersion. The behavior of water blown rigid polyurethane foam at different water pressures from 0 to 3 MPa are studied in this work. The effects of different surfactants on the cell structure and hydraulic resistance of the foams are examined. The foams have densities in the range of 145 to 160 kg/m³. With increasing applied hydraulic pressure, it is found that the foams have very small buoyancy losses at low pressures but beyond a threshold pressure, buoyancy losses increase rapidly. The threshold pressures of the foams increase with decrease in cell window area. A cell window is the lamella of the foam material that separates two adjacent cells. The cell sizes of the foam are found to correlate with the size of the air bubbles entrained during initial mixing. Surfactants, which reduce the surface tension of the polyol to the greatest extent, are found to give the finest initial bubbles, smaller cells, and foams with the highest hydraulic resistance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2821–2829, 2004     

HCFC—141b发泡聚氨酯硬泡的性能及其改进

讨论了在聚氨酯硬泡发泡剂替代中,ＨＣＦＣ－１４１ｂ与ＣＦＣ－１１发泡体系在与基材的粘接性,组合料的粘度,泡沫制品的热导性,尺寸稳定性,脆性等性能上的差异,提出了相应的调整,改进措施。比较了改进后ＨＣＦＣ－１４１ｂ发泡泡沫与传统ＣＦＣ－１１发泡泡沫的性能。     

原位生成纳米SiO2填料对RPU性能的影响

通过控制水解温度和乳化剂的加入量,采用油包水微乳液法在聚醚多元醇中原位合成了纳米SiO2,聚醚多元醇进一步与TDI反应制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。TEM照片显示原位合成的SiO2微粒呈球状且分散,粒径范围在50～70nm。该聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的吸水率随着SiO2添加量的增加,先升高随后又降低。因为原位生成纳米SiO2的加入,聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的拉伸强度得到显著提高,冲击强度缓慢增大,而对于压缩强度则先轻微降低,一直到SiO2质量分数为1.1％时才开始急剧增大。     

Effective elastic moduli for thin-walled structural foam beams

Because of the nonhomogeneous morphology of rigid structural foams, the elastic moduli determined from tension and bend tests are different, the latter being larger. These moduli also depend on the geometry of the specimen. In general, the elastic bending stiffness of foams is determined by the rigidity tensor, which combines geometry and material information. Although the bending problem for nonhomogeneous materials is more complex than the equivalent homogeneous problem, the analysis simplifies considerably for thin-walled beams. The effective flexural modulus for a thin-walled foam beam is shown to be the tension modulus that would be measured on a flat foam specimen of the same thickness. The flexural modulus measured by bend tests on flat bars is shown to have very little effect on the stiffness of most thin-walled sections. This conclusion is independent of how the “true” material modulus varies across the thickness of the foam part.     

PM-200R在全水发泡聚氨酯管道保温中的应用

依据亨斯迈聚氨酯公司的Daltofoam ME 44204/Superasec 5005泡沫制品的性能，在PM－200的基础上开发了一种与Superasec 5005性能相近的新产品PM－200R，该产品可应用于全水发泡聚氨酯管道保温材料中，扩大了我公司聚合MDI产品的应用领域。     

Simulation of the percolation of water into rigid polyurethane foams at applied hydraulic pressures

The hydraulic resistance of polyurethane foams is studied by means of simulations of water penetration into model foams. The model foams of cubical shape are constructed by generating the centers of the cells randomly. The strength of the window separating two cells is assumed to be a function of the distance between the centers of the cells in one set of computations. In another set of computations the strengths of the windows are assigned randomly from a specified distribution. The foam is exposed to an elevated pressure at its boundaries and water penetrates into the foam by rupturing the windows with strengths lesser than the applied pressure. The variation of equilibrium volume fraction of the foam filled with water for increasing hydraulic pressures shows typical percolation behavior: there is a sharp increase in the volume filled beyond a threshold pressure. Simulations show that beyond a certain sample size there is no change in the percolation curve with sample size, and indicate that it is mainly the weaker windows that control the hydraulic resistance of the foam. The simulation results are compared with experimental data. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:970–983, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers     

原位生成纳米SiO2及其作为填料对聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料性能的影响

通过选择适当的乳化剂和水解温度以及控制水对于乳化剂的摩尔比,采用油包水微乳液法在聚醚多元醇中原位合成了纳米SiO2,该聚醚多元醇进一步与TDI反应制备出聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料.TEM显示原位合成的SiO2微粒呈球状且分散,粒径为50～70nm.随着SiO2填加量的增加,该聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的吸水率先升后降.因为原位生成纳米SiO2的加入,聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的拉伸强度得到显著提高,冲击强度缓慢增大,而压缩强度则先轻微降低,一直到SiO2的含量为0.9wt%时才开始急剧增大.     

固化压力对PMI泡沫/高温固化环氧碳纤维夹层复合材料胶接性能影响的研究

针对PMI泡沫/环氧碳纤维夹层结构复合材料的热压罐胶接成型工艺,系统研究了不同密度的PMI泡沫在0.2 MPa与0.3 MPa下的热稳定性能、蠕变性能。同时分别考察了不同厚度、不同处理条件的PMI泡沫在热压罐中的压缩变形情况,总结了压力对泡沫的尺寸稳定性的影响规律。通过研究PMI泡沫/环氧碳纤维夹层结构复合材料的力学性能,比较了不同固化压力下PMI泡沫与碳纤维面板胶接质量。结果表明,密度大的泡沫的抗蠕变性能好。泡沫的高温蠕变性能受压力影响敏感,随着压力增大,变形量迅速增大。经130℃热处理2 h后PMI泡沫的抗蠕变性有所提高。采用0.2 MPa与0.3 MPa胶接的PMI泡沫/高温固化环氧碳纤维阶层结构的抗滚筒剥离强度差别较大。抗剪切强度、抗平面拉伸强度及抗弯曲强度无明显差别。     

硬质泡沫塑料耐热性测试方法研究

在分析泡沫塑料受热行为的基础上,对硬质聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)、聚氨酯(PUR)、酚醛(PF)及交联硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫塑料进行了差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重(TG)、静态热机械分析(TMA)、马丁耐热温度、热变形温度(HDT)、尺寸稳定性、高温压缩蠕变、均匀受压时高温体积收缩率等热性能测试。研究表明,DSC,TG,TMA等热分析仅反映了硬质泡沫塑料中聚合物部分的耐热性,不能反映硬质泡沫塑料的整体耐热性,也不能反映密度对耐热性的影响;依照GB/T 1699–2003测试马丁耐热温度的方法和依照GB/T 1634–2004测试HDT的方法不适用于硬质泡沫塑料耐热性的测试;依照GB/T 8811–2008测试的尺寸稳定性和依照DIN 53424–1978测试的HDT可以初步作为硬质泡沫塑料耐热性的表征方法;依照GB/T 15048–1994测试高温压缩蠕变的方法以及依据固化工艺条件测试均匀受压时的体积收缩率的方法能够更加准确地表征硬质泡沫塑料的实际耐热性。     

Effect of auxiliary blowing agents on properties of rigid polyurethane foams based on liquefied products from peanut shell

The bio‐based rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were successfully prepared based on liquefied products from peanut shell with water as the blowing agent. The influence of reaction parameters on properties of rigid PU foams was investigated. Rigid PU foams showed excellent compressive strength and low shrinkage ratio, whereas their open‐cell ratio and water absorption were higher. Therefore, rigid PU foams were synthesized with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and acetone as auxiliary blowing agents and their inner temperature, shrinkage performance, density, compressive strength, water absorption, and open‐cell ratio were determined. The results indicated that above rigid PU foams showed lower compressive strength than the original foam but their water absorption and close‐cell ratio were improved. Compared with the original foam, the highest inner temperature of rigid PU foams with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and acetone as auxiliary blowing agents was reduced by 11, 19, and 23 °C, respectively. Typically, foams with petroleum ether as auxiliary blowing agent displayed better water absorption and swelling ratio in water and exhibited obvious improvement in close‐cell ratio. These foams were preferable for application in thermal insulation materials because of low thermal conductivity and better corrosion resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45582.     

建筑保温防腐沥青聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料

介绍了建筑业保温防腐沥青聚氨酯硬泡体的基本配方、制备工艺、原料选择及性能指标。重点介绍了聚氧乙烯三醇、松香芳烃聚酯多元醇在配方中的作用。沥青聚氨酯硬泡不仅具有普通聚氨酯硬泡的绝热性能,而且兼具沥青的防腐蚀、抗风化、耐渗透等性能,己成功用于外墙保温、屋面防水、保温及油田管道防腐、保温等。     

PF泡沫塑料对PF/EPS复合泡沫塑料性能的影响

研究出一种具有较好稳定性、保温性能、力学性能和阻燃性能的酚醛树脂(PF)/可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)复合泡沫塑料。在PF泡沫塑料颗粒基体中加入EPS发泡颗粒,充分混合固化,使PF泡沫塑料颗粒与EPS发泡颗粒紧密结合,EPS发泡颗粒被PF泡沫塑料颗粒包围并相互隔离,再用模具发泡成型得到该复合泡沫塑料。实验结果表明,PF的含量越高,稳定性、力学性能和阻燃性能越好,保温性能呈现先升高后下降的趋势,当PF的含量为80%时,PF/EPS复合泡沫塑料的表观密度为38.4 kg/m3,热导率为0.024 W/(m·K),弯曲强度为0.134 k Pa,压缩强度为323 k Pa,极限氧指数为47.9%,烟密度等级小于15,热释放速率峰值小于250 k W/m2,综合性能最好。     

Zeolite filled siloxane composite foams: Compression property

In this article, mechanical behavior under compression loads of an innovative adsorbent material, based on silicone composite foams filled with SAPO 34 zeolite, is presented. The innovative composite foams were obtained profiting by the dehydrogenative coupling of siloxane constituents. These new adsorbent systems have been proposed to overcome to the low mechanical stability of conventional SAPO‐34 coating for adsorption chiller. In this concern, static and cyclic compressive tests at room temperature have been carried out. Samples at increasing content of SAPO 34 zeolite were tested to evaluate the influence of the filler content on the mechanical behavior of the composite foam. The results showed that the presence of zeolite reduces the elastic limit of the foam and increases the strength. The foams evidenced also acceptable mechanical stability to cyclic compressive loads. The encouraging results confirm the possible use of these new composite foams as adsorbent materials for cyclic adsorption heat pumps. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46145.     

Comparative study of physical properties of water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams extended with commercial soy flours

The use of renewable resources (mainly carbohydrates) in rigid polyurethane foam has been known to offer several advantages, such as increased strength, improved flame resistance, and enhanced biodegradability. Less attention has been directed to inexpensive protein‐based materials, such as defatted soy flour. The objectives of this study were to develop water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams, containing defatted soy flour, that have acceptable or improved physical properties which also lower the cost of the foam formulation and to compare the properties of developed foams extended with three kinds of commercial soy flour. Water‐blown low‐density rigid polyurethane foams were prepared with poly(ether polyol)s, polymeric isocyanates, defatted soy flour, water, a catalyst mixture, and a surfactant. Soy flour and the initial water content were varied from 0 to 40% and from 4.5 to 5.5% of the poly(ether polyol) content, respectively. A standard laboratory mixing procedure was followed for making foams using a high‐speed industrial mixer. After mixing, the mixture was poured into boxes and allowed to rise at ambient conditions. Foams were removed from boxes after 1 h and cured at room temperature for 24 h before measurement of the thermal conductivity and for 1 week before other property tests. Foam properties were determined according to ASTM procedures. Measurement of the physical properties (compressive strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability under thermal and humid aging) of these foams showed that the addition of 10–20% of three kinds of soy flour imparted water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams with similar or improved strength, modulus, insulation, and dimensional stability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 10–19, 2001     

Comparison of the Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Unfilled and SiC Filled Short Glass Polyester Composites

This paper presents a comparison between particulate filled (SiC particles) and unfilled glass polyester composites on the basis of their mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties. The results show that particulate filled composites have a decreasing trend in mechanical properties when compared to the unfilled glass polyester composites. In particulate filled composites, the tensile and flexural strength of the composites decrease with the addition of 10 wt.-% SiC particles but increase with 20 wt.-% SiC particles. In the case of the unfilled glass polyester composite, the tensile and flexural strength of the composites increase with an increase in the fiber loading. However, higher values of tensile strength and flexural strength of particulate filled glass polyester were found than that of the unfilled glass polyester composite. In the case of thermo-mechanical and thermal properties, the particulate filled composites show better dynamical and thermal properties when compared to the unfilled glass polyester composites. The mechanical and thermal properties (i.e. thermal conductivity) are also calculated using FE modeling (ANSYS software) and the results from this simulation shows good agreement with the experimental results.     

混杂增强聚氨酯复合硬质泡沫塑料的研制

系统介绍混杂增强聚氨酯复合硬质泡沫塑料的制备情况，详细分析聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料制备过程中的工艺问题，表征与分析其结构与性能，着重分析偶联剂对填充物增强性能的影响以及填充物含量对聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料吸水性能的影响，介绍聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的应用，最后指出其发展前景。     

Coextruded PVC/wood‐flour composites with WPC cap layers

Wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) can absorb moisture in a humid environment owing to the hydrophilic nature of the wood, thereby making the products susceptible to microbial growth and loss of mechanical properties. In this study, rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/wood‐flour composites (core layer) were coextruded with either unfilled rigid PVC (cap layer) or rigid PVC filled with a small amount (5–27.5%) of wood flour (composite cap layers) in order to decrease or delay the moisture uptake. The thickness of the cap layer and its composition in terms of wood flour content were the variables examined during coextrusion. Surface color, moisture absorption, and flexural properties of both coextruded and noncoextruded (control) composite samples were characterized. The experimental results indicated that both unfilled PVC and composite cap layers can be encapsulated over rigid PVC/wood‐flour composites in a coextrusion process. The moisture uptake rate was lower when a cap layer was applied in the composites, and the extent of the decrease was a strong function of the amount of wood flour in the cap layer but insensitive to cap layer thickness. Overall, coextruding PVC surface‐rich cap layers on WPCs significantly increased the flexural strength but decreased the flexural modulus as compared with those of control samples. The changes in bending properties were sensitive to both cap layer thickness and wood flour content. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers