Phase diagrams in materials science

The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering.     

计算机在材料科学中的应用

文章介绍了计算机网络技术在材料科学研究中的应用,阐述了材料科学研究领域中应用计算机的思路、方法、和原理.分析了计算机相关软件在新材料的设计、科学研究中的计算机模拟、材料的加工工艺及自动化控制等方面的广泛应用,探讨了计算机在材料科学研究领域中的具体应用,可供从事材料研究、开发和应用的工程技术人员参考.     

Pathokinesiology and total joint arthroplasty

Gait analysis data relating to total joint arthroplasty were reviewed to assess their impact on the evolution of prosthetic design. Although joint replacement designs have led to clinical improvement, they do not yet permit the restoration of normal gait. Normal function may be difficult to attain in patients with arthritic destruction, because of a proprioceptive defect. Arthroplasty improves gait by relieving pain, but other factors (previous gait patterns, prosthetic design, muscle weakness, balance, and proprioception) seem to prevent most patients from regaining normal gait.     

Titanium base antifriction materials (Review)

Conclusions The low antifriction properties of titanium and its alloys are caused by seizing of the rubbing surfaces as the result of adhesion of titanium, the high coefficient of friction (0.48–0.68), and the low wear resistance and thermal conductivity (8.38–16.76 W/m·K).Surface hardening of titanium alloy parts is applicable only for light operating conditions. It does not solve the problem of the antifriction properties of titanium as a valuable metal for the parts of rubbing pairs.Work in the area of the powder metallurgy of titanium confirms the possibility of the creation of a new class of titanium alloys with the necessary combination of antifriction properties.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 1(253), pp. 80–90, January, 1984.     

WC-Co hard alloys as dispersign-strengthened materials

Conclusions The variations of the yield strength and hardness of WC-Co alloys with composition and carbide grain size are in accord with the Orowan and Ansell-Lenel theories of the dispersion strengthening of alloys. The interparticle spacings determining the yield strength and hardness of WC-Co alloys would be expected to be of the order of 10^–5–10^–6 cm. This finding is confirmed by electron-microscopic observations.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 3 (123), pp. 32–38, March, 1973.     

Intraoperative arterial occlusion in total joint arthroplasty

This report illustrates a calcified leiomyoma of deep soft tissue in the left leg of a 6-year-old boy. The tumour was composed of spindle cells arranged in interlacing bundles, between which were multiple small and large areas of calcification. Tumour cells were positive for vimentin, desmin and smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, the cells showed numerous pinocytotic vesicles and bundles of intracytoplasmic filaments with smooth muscle dense bodies. Only four calcified leiomyomas have been previously reported in the deep soft tissues of limbs. Here we report a new case and suggest a new pathogenetic scheme involving alkaline phosphatase in the origin of these calcifications.     

Titanium carbide-based carbide steels made of chips of titanium alloys

Properties and microstructure of carbide steels produced on the basis of titanium carbide are studied. Powdered TiC was obtained from chip wastes of the titanium alloys VT1-0, VT20, VT3-1, VT25, VT5-1, and OT4-1 in three ways: nitridingcarbidizing, double carbidizing, and oxidizing-carbidizing. It has been determined that presence of nitrogen deteriorates the properties of carbide steels. The high values of strength and hardness obtained by oxidizing-carbidizing and double carbidizing of VT5-1 alloy chips testify to the advisability of using such chips for producing carbide steels.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 10, pp. 78–82, October, 1992.     

Synovectomy and total joint arthroplasty for recurrent hemarthroses in the arthropathic joint in hemophilia

Severe hemophiliacs with intractable bleeding into one or more joints despite adequate clotting factor replacement therapy are difficult management problems. Synovectomy has controlled bleeding only in joints without significant arthritis destruction. Total joint replacements have been performed in arthropathic joints, but not when uncontrolled bleeding was a concurrent problem. This report describes a hemophiliac with uncontrolled bleeding into an arthritic knee who was successfully managed by combining synvectomy with total knee replacement.     

The greening of materials science and engineering

The field of materials science and engineering is advancing at a revolutionary pace. It is now generally recognized as being among the key emerging technological fields propelling our world societies into the twenty-first century. The driving forces for this revolutionary pace are at once social, economic, political, and technological. For example, relatively recent changes in United States federal policies in environmental control, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation along with heightened international trade competition have resulted in major changes in material processing and use patterns. These changing patterns are creating new requirements for material developments, substitutions, and associated processes. This paper traces the emergence of materials policy and technological developments through four sub-periods of history: the birth and development of engineering in the United States (1825–1900), the evolution of a national research infrastructure (1900–1945), the evolution of a national science policy (1945–1973), and the intensification of global interdependency (1973-present). Future trends in materials developments and future policy requirements are outlined. Technical Resources, of TRW, Inc., began his professional career in 1954 as a research metallurgist and reactor project engineer with General Electric Co. at the Hanford Atomic Products Operation in Richland, WA. In 1965 he joined Battelle Memorial Institute as a manager of the metallurgy research department and three years later became manager of the fuels and materials department. In 1970 Dr. Bement joined the faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology as professor of nuclear materials. From 1974 to 1976 he served as a member of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Bilateral Exchange Program in Magnetohydrodynamics and was the organizer and principal investigator of the M.I.T. Fusion Technology Program. In 1976 Dr. Bement became Director of the Materials Sciences Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and in 1979 was appointed Deputy Under-Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Dr. Bement has co-authored one book, edited three books, and authored over 90 articles on materials science, energy, and defense technology. He is a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, the American Society for Metals, and the American Institute of Chemists. In addition, he is a member of the American Institute for Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, and the American Society for Testing and Materials. He has received outstanding achievement awards from the Colorado Engineering Council in 1954, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in 1977, and the Colorado School of Mines in 1984. In 1980 he was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Medal by the Secretary of Defense. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Bement is chairman of the National Materials Advisory Board and a member of the Board of Army Science and Technology, the Board on Engineering Sciences, the Board on Assessment of National Bureau of Standards Programs, and the Board on Science and Technology for International Development of the National Research Council. Dr. Bement received an Engineer of Metallurgy (E. Met.) degree in 1954 from the Colorado School of Mines. He received an M.S. in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Idaho in 1959, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1963. He is a Lt. Colonel (ret.) in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Dr. Bement and his family reside in Mayfield Village, OH.     

The greening of materials science and engineering

The field of materials science and engineering is advancing at a revolutionary pace. It is now generally recognized as being among the key emerging technological fields propelling our world societies into the twenty-first century. The driving forces for this revolutionary pace are at once social, economic, political, and technological. For example, relatively recent changes in United States federal policies in environmental control, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation along with heightened international trade competition have resulted in major changes in material processing and use patterns. These changing patterns are creating new requirements for material developments, substitutions, and associated processes. This paper traces the emergence of materials policy and technological developments through four sub-periods of history: the birth and development of engineering in the United States (1825–1900), the evolution of a national research infrastructure (1900–1945), the evolution of a national science policy (1945–1973), and the intensification of global interdependency (1973-present). Future trends in materials developments and future policy requirements are outlined.     

Support for science from a foundation perspective.

Presents examples of the unique contributions of individuals at private foundations to the emergence and growth of scientific research on child and adolescent development. The knowledge, experience, beliefs, and visions of the people who manage foundations shape the organizations' grant making. The foundations try to be responsive to their environments, because local, national, and international events can influence the foundations' activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The greening of materials science and engineering

The field of materials science and engineering is advancing at a revolutionary pace. It is now generally recognized as being among the key emerging technological fields propelling our world societies into the twenty-first century. The driving forces for this revolutionary pace are at once social, economic, political, and technological. For example, relatively recent changes in United States federal policies in environmental control, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation along with heightened international trade competition have resulted in major changes in material processing and use patterns. These changing patterns are creating new requirements for material developments, substitutions, and associated processes. This paper traces the emergence of materials policy and technological developments through four sub-periods of history: the birth and development of engineering in the United States (1825–1900), the evolution of a national research infrastructure (1900–1945), the evolution of a national science policy (1945–1973), and the intensification of global interdependency (1973-present). Future trends in materials developments and future policy requirements are outlined.