Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7系列水泥形成的研究

通过研究Q相与C2S和Q相与C4AF的共存条件,构造Q相-C2S-C4AF水泥系统,对此系统水泥形成条件进行研究.研究表明:Q相与C2S和Q相与C4AF能够共存,可以组成Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7水泥系统.在Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7水泥系统中,Q相在1270℃开始生成,随着温度的升高,Q相的生成量逐渐增大;采用V2O5对β-C2S具有较好的稳定作用.随着C4AF量的增加,Q相的量也在增加,同时,烧成温度降低.     

Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7水泥作为膨胀剂的研究

采用普通硅酸盐水泥作为基体、Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7水泥作为膨胀剂、加入少量石膏的条件下进行试验研究。研究表明：Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7水泥能够作为膨胀组分,调节Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7水泥和SO3的量,能够得到所要求的膨胀水泥。从DTA和XRD得知,其膨胀源主要是钙矾石（AFt）,它形成的速度及数量,可以通过控制Q相-C2S-C4AF-C12A7水泥和SO3的量来实现。     

高铝水泥系统中硅铝酸二钙向Q相的转变

采用分析纯的化学原料,将高铝水泥中的惰性成分硅铝酸二钙(C2AS,又称钙铝黄长石)转化为水化活性良好的Q相,组成Q相-铝酸-(CA)-七铝酸十二钙(C12A7)水泥系统．并研究转变前后两系统的抗压强度。结果表明：高铝水泥系统中的C2AS,在加入MgO和系统补钙的条件下,经过高温煅烧能够转化为Q相,高铝水泥系统CA-二铝酸-钙(CA2)-C2AS变化为Q相CA-C12A7。Q相-CA-C12A7的烧成温度为1260～1300℃．保温时间为30～60min。组成为Q相-CA-C12A7水泥的抗压强度比组成为CA-CA2-C2AS的高,而且其后期强度持续发展。     

新型Q相高铝水泥的烧成条件

将高铝水泥中的惰性成分硅铝酸二钙(C2AS)转化为水化活性良好的Q相,组成Q相-铝酸-钙(CA)-七铝酸十二钙(C12A7)高铝水泥系统,对此系统的烧成条件进行研究。研究表明：在Q相-CA-C12A7高铝水泥系统中,Q相在1260℃开始生成,随着温度的升高,Q相的生成量逐渐增大。在1300℃时,随着保温时间的延长,Q相的生成量逐渐增大;超过1300℃,试样开始融化;Q相-CA-C12A7高铝水泥具有早期强度高,中后期强度仍在发展且不倒缩等特点。     

CaF2对硫铝酸钡钙矿物形成过程的影响

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和差热-热重分析等测试方法研究了CaF2对硫铝酸钡钙矿物2.75CaO·0.25BaO·3Al2O3·BaSO4(C2.75B1.25A3ˉS)形成过程的影响,并对高温固相反应过程中出现的物相进行了初步分析.结果表明CaF2加速了CaCO3的分解,降低了C2.75B1.25A3ˉS的形成温度.当温度低于1 300℃时,CaF2可能促进C2.75B1.25A3S的形成及结晶,并同时伴随着氟铝酸盐矿物11CaO·7A12O3·CaF2的生成.另外,CaF2对C275B1.25A3S的高温分解没有明显的影响.     

矿物3CaO·3AI2O3·BaSO4高温稳定性研究

矿物3CaO·3Al2O3·BaSO4是一种新型胶凝矿物, 而关于其高温稳定性的研究却有多种结论.本工作综合运用IR, TG-DT A,EPMA,XRD和QXDA等多种测试方法, 系统研究了3CaO·3Al2O3·BaSO4 的高温稳定性问题.研究表明, 在温度低于1 350 ℃的条件下, 矿物3CaO·3Al2O3·BaSO4的晶相结构稳定; 而温度高于1 360 ℃时, 3CaO·3Al2O3·BaSO 4发生分解并形成新的晶相.3CaO·3Al2O3·BaSO4的分解方程式可表述为: 3CaO·3Al2O3·BaSO4→CaO·Al2O3+12CaO·7Al2O3+Ba O·Al2O3+SO2↑+O2↑鉴于矿物BaO·Al2O3的形成机理与该问题紧密相关, 本文也讨论了BaO·Al2 O3的形成机理.BaO·Al2O3的形成机理有两种:温度低于1 350 ℃时, BaO·Al2O 3由原料组分发生反应而形成的; 而温度大于1 360 ℃时, 该矿物是由3CaO·3Al2O 3·BaSO4分解形成的.     

Q相-CA-C12A7体系水泥材料的初步研究

在前人研究Q相合成基础上,采用正交实验的方法,研究了Q相-CA-C12A7体系水泥的烧成条件及水化性能.研究结果表明:在Q相-CA-C12A7系统中,Q相的形成温度在1260～1340℃之间;Q相-CA-C12A7系统水泥烧成的最佳条件是温度为1320℃,保温时间为40min.此水泥具有早期强度高,中期强度提高快,后期强度不发生倒缩.     

基于CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-SO3系统的水泥熟料矿物研究

采用石灰石、硬石膏、粉煤灰、硅石为原料,研究了固定铝硫比（P=3.82）条件下,氧化铝含量为10%时,碱度系数和煅烧温度对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-SO3系统水泥熟料矿物烧成的影响。结果表明,碱度系数为1.2,煅烧温度范围为1375~1425℃时制得的水泥为高贝利特硅酸盐水泥;C4A3S分解生成了C3A,而非C12A7;在SO3和C3A存在的条件下,促进C3S在低温下形成,部分C3S在高温下分解为α＇-C2S;水泥熟料的矿物形貌未发生明显的变化。     

Al2O3含量对燃烧合成铝酸钙粉体物相组成的影响

本文以CaO、Al和Al2O3为原料,在氧气气氛下,采用燃烧合成法(CS)制备铝酸钙粉体,计算了CaO-Al-Al2O3-O2体系的绝热温度,结合物质自由能函数的相关理论、X衍射法(XRD),研究了Al2O3含量对燃烧合成铝酸钙粉体物相组成的影响.热力学计算及XRD物相分析结果表明:体系绝热温度随Al2O3含量的增多而降低,但均大于1800 K,说明体系反应可自持;当Al2O3/(Al2O3+ CaO) (mole)分别为0.3,0.47和0.55时,物相组成分别为C3A和C12A7,C12A7和CA,CA和CA2;热力学数据显示C12A7-C3A、C12A7-CA和CA-CA2之间物相可实现转化,但由于燃烧合成反应速度过快及不可控性导致物相之间尚未完成转化,致使燃烧合成铝酸钙的物相生成量与理论量有较大差异.     

微量组分对高铝水泥系统中Q相形成的影响

研究微量组分Fe2O3和P2O5等对Q相-铝酸-钙（CA）-七铝酸十二钙（C12A7）高铝水泥系统中Q相形成的影响。结果表明;Q相-CA-C12A7高铝水泥系统中,掺加微量的Fe2O3抑制Q相的生成,并降低系统的熔点,降低系统的烧成温度。掺加微量的P2O5时,能够促进Q相的形成,P2O5的量过多,会抑制Q相的生成。掺加微量Fe2O3后,Q相-CA-C12A7各龄期的抗压强度略有减少。掺加微量的P2O5后,该水泥各龄期的抗压强度略有增加。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。