我国染整工业的发展

我国印染布产量从1995年的136．5亿米，增加到2002年的210．87亿米，年均增长率为1428％，占世界纤维加工量25％-30％。原料、产品档次、花色品种。生产技术、印染机械档次和水平有了较大幅度的提高；染料、印染助剂等相关行业的发展也为染料工业的进步提供了相应条件。染整工业正在向技术密集型转变．大力开发多元化、满足不同市场层次的新产品．积极采用高效、环保的高新技术，不断提高我国纺织染整产品的档次，提高在国际市场上的竞争力。     

Control in the Dyeing of Woollen Cloth

Practical work is described which shows that low rates of rejection can be achieved in the dyeing of woollen fabrics by attention to factors such as fabric preparation, dye selection, dyeing method, machinery and supervision.     

Studies on the possibility of recycling microencapsulated disperse dye‐bath effluents

The volume of water consumed by human beings has increased dramatically in recent years while water supply has remained constant; both demographic growth and the expansion of industrial activity require more water consumption. The textile industry is undoubtedly one of the most pressured industries that need water intensively. Efficient use of water tends to be a crucial subject for the dyeing industry. In this study, melamine resin microcapsules containing pure disperse dyes were prepared by in situ polymerization. The microcapsules were characterized on the basis of structure, morphologies, mean particle size, and size distribution. The dyeing behaviors of microencapsulated disperse dyes (MDDs) were evaluated on polyester fabrics in the absence of auxiliaries. Its effluent can be reused several times after being simply filtered and can be used as solvent for PET fabric scouring. The treated fabrics exhibited satisfactory levelness and fastness properties. MDDs can be used in dyeing PET, without using surfactants, and the effluents can be recycled and reused. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

世界橡胶机械逐渐走出萧条期——全球橡胶机械31强排名出台

<正>《欧洲橡胶杂志》(ERJ)最近公布了2009年度全球橡胶机械报告,2009年世界橡胶机械行业跌入谷底,销售收入下降5%左右,为新世纪以来全球橡胶机械首次负增长。但是从2009年下半年起,橡胶机械行业逐渐从谷底走出,复苏迹象明显。综合去     

ITMA1979: Jet Dyeing Machinery A brief look at some of the machines available

The four–yearly cycle of the International Textile Machinery Exhibition provides a particularly striking insight into the advances made in the industry which explains the worldwide interest shown by textile specialists in each ITMA. The 8th Exhibition, held in Hanover, was awaited with eager anticipation since a number of innovations and continued developments were presented for the first time. The exhibition confirmed the considerable amount of research and development effort that the textile machinery makers have invested in their products. There were numerous examples of the two main directions in which machinery designers were going: on the one hand towards higher machine capacities and automation associated with a shortening of the dyeing cycles and on the other towards reducing energy and water consumption and the creation of better working conditions through improved dust and noise control.     

Wool Dyeing—A Path to Progress

Recent advances in the dyeing technology of man-made and cellulosic fibres have far outstripped those for wool. The reasons for this are discussed, and possible developments are described on the basis of achievements in other fields of textile dyeing. The present position is analysed from the viewpoint of dyeing techniques and in terms of the dyes and auxiliary products available. Current difficulties in producing dress fabrics to meet fashion demands for bright fast colours are used to illustrate the points raised, and possible methods of surmounting this immediate problem are examined. Special attention is given to the possibilities offered by continuous dyeing procedures for wool, and existing methods are critically surveyed. An attempt is made to define the operating limits of common wool-dyeing machinery, and thereby to underline the areas where re-equipment is needed if instrument-control and automation techniques are to be utilised fully.     

后危机时代我国橡胶机械行业的现状、机遇及对策

跨入21世纪第十个年头,世界经济逐渐回暖,我国已逐渐走出二战以来最为严重的一次金融危机,经济复苏明显。我国橡胶机械行业在2009年交出新世纪首份负增长年报后．市场需求转好,企业产销两旺,展示勃勃生机。金融危机后的2010年,世界轮胎行业形势发生变化．橡胶机械的环境也随之发生变化,机遇和风险共存。     

The role of laboratory dyeing machine design in achieving accurate colour matching for bulk

Historically the demands of industry have stimulated technological developments in laboratory machinery design. During the last two decades laboratory machine manufacturers have produced equipment capable of simulating all production process machine parameters. Development of new process technology lies largely in the hands of chemists and physicists, and it is inconceivable that engineers will be unable to meet their future demands. Along with the expansion of integration dyeing, recent work in mathematical modelling and dye process control has suggested a requirement for liquor flow control. Equipment to satisfy this need is already available, some of which can determine optimum processing conditions.     

印染行业清洁生产审核与清洁生产技术改造

实施清洁生产是印染行业提升行业竞争力的关键,文章从工艺技术、设备、节能、废水处理改造等方面,介绍了几种印染行业清洁生产技术。通过案例分析,详细介绍了技术特点、经济效益、社会效益等,为印染行业推行清洁生产审核提供借鉴。随着清洁生产的推广,相信我国印染行业的清洁生产水平将逐步得到提高。     

One-bath dyeing of polyester/cotton with disperse and bis-3-carboxypyridinium-s-triazine reactive dyes. Part 1: Factors limiting production of heavy shades

Over the last 20 years, selected disperse dyes and bis-3-carboxypyridinium- s -triazine reactive dyes have been widely promoted for the exhaust dyeing of polyester/cotton blends in a one-bath-one-stage ('all-in') process under neutral conditions. However, despite the time and energy savings afforded by this elegant dyeing process, there is a belief in the dyeing industry that economical production is limited to pale and medium depths of shade. In this paper, the two dye classes (disperse dyes on polyester and bis-3-carboxypyridinium- s -triazine reactive dyes on cotton) have been investigated to understand why heavy depths of shade cannot readily be obtained economically using this process.     

Developments in Package Dyeing

Progress in package-dyeing yarn during the past ten years has been rapid, both in the total weight of yarn dyed, the types of fibre being dyed, and particularly in the design of dyeing machines and to a lesser extent in dyeing techniques. Polyester filament yarn is of great importance, but there have been significant developments in dyeing high-bulk acrylic yarns. In machinery developments, the outstanding features are in the rate of flow of liquor, and the frequency with which the liquor is circulated. New techniques have been developed to take advantage of these mechanical features, so that dyeing can be commenced at 135°C and the liquor dropped at this temperature, thus minimizing oligomer problems with polyester yarn. Many new disperse dyes of high sublimination fastness on polyester fibre have been introduced and these take full advantage of the new machinery and dyeing techniques. Another factor leading to wider use of package dyeing has been the need for shorter manufacturing cycles in the production of coloured yarn, particularly for woven fabrics. Worsted yarn, which would normally have been spun from dyed top is now being package dyed on a large scale. With spun yarns, the advantages of dyeing acrylic yarn in muff form have led to the rapid growth of this method of dyeing.     

Developments in the Dyeing of Man-made Fibres

The ways in which methods of dyeing different types of man-made fibres have developed are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the main synthetic-polymer fibres—nylon, acrylic and polyester fibres. Future developments in dyeing are discussed critically, with emphasis on the dyeing of fibre blends, the design of dyeing and other wet-processing machinery, instrumentation and automatic control, solvent processing, and mass pigmentation.     

The Development of Dyes and Methods for Dyeing Polyester

Early work on the dyeing of polyester fibre showed that only dyes of very low aqueous solubility had substantivity for the fibre, and that for dyeing at the boil without a carrier only the smallest molecular weight disperse dyes, and selected azoic combinations, had sufficiently high dyeing rate to give adequate colour yield in a practicable time of dyeing. The development of carriers for dyeing at the boil, and of machinery for batchwise dyeing under pressure at temperatues up to 140°C, extended the range of suitable dyes to those of lower dyeing rate but higher heat–fastness properties. As an alternative to exhaust dyeing, polyester may be dyed with disperse dyes by padding followed by dry heat fixation at temperatures up to 220°C, and this method has found its main commercial application in the continuous dyeing of polyester–cellulosic blend fabrics. The development of new disperse dyes has followed these trends in application methods, and the proportion of available dyes having higher heat–fastness properties has steadily increased from about 1950 onwards. Improvements have also taken place over the same period in the physical properties of the dyes, to meet the increasingly severe demands on dispersion properties imposed by the newer dyeing methods.     

Establishment of Complete Bleaching,Dyeing, Printing and Finishing Plants

The work done by machinery manufacturers from receipt of an enquiry to installation of a complete beaching, dyeing, printing and finishing plant is described. Two hypothetical plants are used to illustrate the technical and economic factors which must be taken into account in determining what machinery is to be used.     

喷漆室供风系统过滤器的选用与保养

介绍了农机行业涂装线喷漆室供风系统常用过滤器的种类、材料和性能，以及选用和使用维护注意事项。     

Measurement of Pressure and Flow during Dyeing of Worsted Yarn Packages

Simple techniques for studying pressure and flow during package dyeing are described, and the significance of results obtained for worsted yam packages is discussed, with special reference to level-dyeing performance. Dyeing machinery utilising the principles of throttling has been developed. The chemistry of the dyeing process has tended to be considered in isolation from, or only qualitatively in relation to, the physics of dyeing. The desirable rate of dyeing for a given machine is apparently subject to more complications than have been postulated previously, because of a variation in the rate of circulation of liquor as dyeing proceeds.     

橡胶软管的发展动向（一）

进入21世纪以来,橡胶软管为之配套的行业,尤其是汽车行业和机械设备制造行业,出现了一些新的变化。     

我国塑料机械制造工业概况及展望

介绍了20世纪90年代我国塑料机械制造工业的经济指标和主导产品，企业与生产经营情况及产品结构，技术水平等，展望了本世纪塑料机械制造工业的发展前景，并对塑料机械工业今后的发展方向提出了建议。     

Significance of dye research and development for practical dyers

The history of research and development on synthetic dyes stretches back for 150 years. Major contributions to practical dyeing have been the provision of dye ranges for both natural and synthetic fibres of a sufficiently wide colour gamut to obtain a multitude of colours. Dye standardisation, with the associated analytical, testing and evaluation methods, has ensured that products are fit for purpose. Ecotoxicology has been a major issue for several decades, adding to the cost of research but improving the health and safety aspects of dyes. Developments in physical forms of dyes have been designed to improve health, safety, hygiene, ease of handling and accuracy in dispensing. Application research, in conjunction with dye users and machinery makers, has been a long-established feature of the industry. This has resulted in improved, controlled and systematic dye application techniques, leading to shorter dyeing cycles, right-first-time (RFT) processing and a reduction in processing costs. Although dye making is now based mainly in Asia, it is hoped that R&D efforts will continue to ensure that products of the necessary quality and performance remain available.     

Dye demand/supply ratio as a predictor for the unlevelness of disperse‐dyed polyester

The ratio of the demand for dye by the fibre and the supply of dye by the dyebath is a useful indicator to predict unlevelness in the exhaust dyeing of polyester with disperse dyes, provided that dispersion breakage is small. The ratio can be calculated from the dye exhaustion curve, the dye solubility and the flow rate in the machine. The findings suggest that unlevelness can be successfully controlled by ensuring that dye demand never exceeds dye supply at any moment during the dyeing process.