Dyeing properties of wool treated with liquid ammonia

Wool fibre and fabric have been treated with liquid ammonia and their surface characteristics investigated by means of SEM and ESCA techniques. The treated specimens were dyed with levelling and milling acid dyes. Although no changes in nitrogen content and fibre surface properties were detected, their dyeing rate was increased considerably as was saturation dye exhaustion. Dyeing properties were similar to those of wool treated with low-temperature plasmas by glow discharge. Fabrics treated with liquid ammonia were dyed at various temperatures in the range 30–80°C, and dye uptake was similarly increased.     

Dyeing behaviour of Japanese oak silk fibres treated with methacrylamide

Japanese oak silk fibres have been treated with methacrylamide, and the dyeing behaviour when using levelling acid and milling acid dyes has been investigated. Infra-red spectroscopy indicated that a methacrylamide polymer skin was produced on the fibre surface at high levels of polymer add-on. The methacrylamide polymer skin was dyed with the milling acid dye, although not dyed with the levelling acid type. The penetration of the levelling acid dye into the fibres was not interrupted by the polymer skin.     

Effect of mode of agent removal on pore structure of liquid ammonia treated cotton cellulose

The pore structures of three liquid-ammonia-treated cottons were compared via a reverse gel permeation chromatographic technique. Cotton battings were treated with liquid ammonia which was removed by volatilization at ambient temperature or at elevated temperature and by water exchange. Three series of water-soluble solutes were used to study the elution characteristics of whole fiber columns prepared from these battings. The solutes were oligomeric sugars, ethylene glycols, and glymes (ethylene glycol dimethyl ethers) having molecular dimensions in the range of conventional finishing agents for cotton. All three liquid ammonia treatments increased the internal pore volumes accessible to small molecules. The greatest increase was noted when the ammonia was removed by water exchange and the least when volatilization at elevated temperature was employed. Ambient temperature volatilization had an intermediate effect. Decreases in the volumes of large pores were effected by ammonia treatments followed by volatilization at ambient or elevated temperature. Water exchange of the ammonia resulted in an increase in the volume of large pores as well as of the small pores.     

Dyeing behaviors of ionic liquid treated wool

In this article, a new class of “green” solvent—ionic liquid (IL) was employed to improve the dyeability of wool. The physical and chemical properties of the IL‐treated wool, such as surface morphology, wettability, and tensile strength were first analyzed, and then the dyeing properties of IL‐treated wool were investigated in terms of dyeing rate, dyeing exhaustion at equilibrium, color depth, and color fastnesses. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed eroded marks on IL‐treated wool fiber surfaces. The water contact angle of the fabric treated with IL at 100°C decreased from 118.6° to 106.4°. The tensile strength of IL‐treated wool fibers was slightly decreased when the treating temperature was less than 100°C. Dyeing kinetics experiments revealed that the IL treatments greatly increased initial dyeing rate, shortened half‐dyeing time, and time to reach dyeing equilibrium. The final exhaustion and color depth of IL‐treated wool were also increased accompanying with slightly decreased color fastness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

The antimicrobic properties of fibres treated with luminescent compounds

Conclusions The possibility of conferring antimicrobic properties to fibres and textiles by treating them with optical decolourizing agents has been demonstrated.Leningrad Branch of All-Union Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres (VNIIV); S. M. Kirov LITLP. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 50–51, September–October, 1969.     

Dyeing properties of PECH‐amine cationized cotton with acid dyes

The dyeing properties of cationic cotton dyed with acid dyes are examined in this study. For comparison, nylon 6 and untreated cotton are dyed by the same acid dyes (Sandolan Red MF‐2BL, Sandolan Golden Yellow MF‐GL, and Sandolan Blue MF‐GL). A cationic agent, polyepichlorohydrin‐dimethylamine (PECH‐amine), is used to modify cotton fabric. Significant increase in color yield is observed for cationic cotton over untreated cotton because of the introduced positively charged sites by cationic modification. Deeper shades are obtained in all cases with cationic cotton. All of the acid dyes used in this study show significant hooking behavior with both cationic cotton and nylon. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Polym Sci 100: 3302–3306, 2006     

Tensile properties of cotton treated with alkali metal hydroxides

The tenacity of cotton fibers treated without tension with 5N KOH at 0°C or 21°C is greater than that of fibers treated with either 5N LiOH or NaOH. In studying the effect of changes in fine structure on the strength of cotton fibers, we suggest that strength should be given as breaking load rather than as tenacity. Evidence is given indicating that crystallite length is an important factor and should be considered with degree of crystallinity and degree of orientation when explaining the increase in breaking load of cotton fibers brought about by treatment with 5N alkali metal hydroxides.     

聚酯纤维的染色

该文叙述了汽巴精化公司有关涤纶染色用的分散染料"托拉司及托拉特(Terasil&Teratop)"及其相应的助剂和加工工艺.并对其各种染料类型的特点及适应当前市场的需要作了重点的概括性介绍.     

Dyeing method and properties of polymaleic acid dyes on cotton

A polymaleic acid dye based on poly(maleic anhydride) was synthesised and evaluated in the dyeing of cotton. A series of dyeing auxiliaries were examined, and results showed that a composite auxiliary agent consisting of 20 g/l of zinc nitrate and 30 g/l of dicyandiamide was the most effective when a conventional pad‐dry‐cure dyeing process was used. The fixation could reach 99% and the wash and dry rub fastness could reach grade 4 and grade 4–5 respectively. The decrease in tearing strength of the dyed cotton was between 17.8 and 32.1%.     

Dyeing of cationised cotton with acid dyes

The production of cationised cotton fabrics, via Sandene 8425, 1, 1-dimethyl-3-hydroxy azetidinium chloride and 1, 1-diethyl-3-hydroxy azetidinium chloride, greatly enhances the exhaustion and fixation of acid dyes. This paper shows that these dyes can be used in the absence of salt in a neutral medium. Wash fastness, light fastness and other properties were studied.     

石榴皮染料对阳离子改性棉织物的染色性能研究

针对石榴皮染料难以上染棉织物,各项染色牢度差等问题,选用3-氯-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTAC)对棉织物进行阳离子化改性,用石榴皮染料进行染色,并优化了染色工艺条件。结果表明,当染色温度为70℃,时间为60 min,pH为7,染料用量为25%(o.w.f)时,石榴皮染料染色阳离子改性棉织物的K/S值由2.6提高至23.9,染色织物的耐皂洗变色牢度和沾色牢度均为5级,耐干、湿摩擦色牢度分别为5级、4级。     

Gasification of coals treated with non-aqueous solvents. 4. Reactivity of coals treated with liquid ammonia

Gasification rates of twelve coals treated with liquid ammonia and impregnated with nickel were measured in hydrogen and in steam, and the effects of the ammonia treatment were compared. The treatment was found to promote gasification of most bituminous coals, especially the higher-caking coals. The increases in reactivity relative to untreated specimens were larger for gasification with hydrogen at 1273 K than for those with steam at 1125 K, but the trends with coal rank were similar. From a correlation found between the reactivities and the degree of degradation of the coal particles caused by the ammonia treatment, it was inferred that the treatment affected their pore structure.     

Gasification of coals treated with non-aqueous solvents. 5. Properties of coals treated with liquid ammonia

Five coals of various ranks were treated with liquid ammonia at 373 K and 10 MPa, and some properties were examined. Although the equilibrium pore volume accessible to carbon dioxide was not affected, the rate of adsorption increased remarkably upon treatment. The pore volume determined by a larger molecule, say hexane, also increased greatly. When a nickel salt was impregnated among the coal surfaces, more satisfactory results were obtained on the treated coal. The treated coals were more easily comminuted than the parent coals. The relation between the change of these properties and the gasification reactivity is discussed.     

复合溶胶处理棉织物的防紫外性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同配比和浓度的SiO2/TiO2和ZnO/TiO2复合溶胶,并对纯棉织物进行防紫外线整理。以织物的紫外线透过率为依据,研究了复合溶胶对棉织物防紫外性能的影响,并对整理前后织物的断裂强力和断裂伸长率进行测试。结果表明,增大复合溶胶中TiO2的比例或复合溶胶的浓度会提高整理织物的防紫外性能,但织物的强力损伤也会随之增大,损伤最大时织物经纬向强力降低分别下降了689 N和669 N,经纬向断裂伸长率分别下降了14.4%和7.5%。综合考虑复合溶胶的防紫外性能和织物的强力损伤,认为SiO2/TiO2复合溶胶中n(SiO)∶n(TiO)=4∶1,ZnO/TiO溶胶中n(ZnO)∶n(TiO)>1∶1,整理浓度为0.15~0.30 mol/L较为适宜。     

Dyeing of N-modified viscose rayon fibres with reactive dyes

Modified viscose rayon fibres were produced by incorporation of different doses of a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride based additive in the viscose dope prior to spinning. On dyeing the modified fibres with different reactive dyes, excellent dye exhaustion and total dye fixation above 90% were obtained without the use of electrolyte and with low salt concentration. Exhaustion and total dye fixation showed an exponential relationship. The wash fastness properties of the dyed fibres were excellent and the light fastness showed a slight drop in the modified fibres. The presence of the amino groups along with low density and crystallinity of the modified fibres may be responsible for the enhanced dyeability.     

Dyeing transition temperature of wools treated with low temperature plasma,liquid ammonia,and high‐pressure steam in dyeing with acid and disperse dyes

Wool fibers treated with oxygen low‐temperature plasma, liquid ammonia (NH₃), and high‐pressure (HP) steam were dyed with two acid and three disperse dyes. Rate of dyeing, saturation dye uptake, and dyeing transition temperature were measured. Rate of dyeing of the O₂ plasma, NH₃, and HP steam‐treated wools increased with acid dyes, whereas it did not increase with disperse dyes. Although dyeing transition temperature for acid dyes was decreased by the plasma, NH₃, and HP steam treatments, the temperature for disperse dyes was not changed by the treatments. Therefore, it seems that acid dyes penetrate by the intercellular diffusion through the interscale Cell Membrane Complex (CMC) of wool, whereas disperse dyes penetrate by the intracellular diffusion through the intrascale cuticle surface independently with CMC relaxation by the treatments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1058–1062, 2001     

Dyeing cotton with reactive dyes under neutral conditions

This paper describes a new method to dye cotton with selected reactive dyes by long-liquor – or so-called 'exhaustion'– processes under neutral conditions. Particularly promising results were obtained with reactive dyes containing free vinyl sulphone residues. Although there are dyes on the market that contain free vinyl sulphone groups, for example, the Novacron C (Huntsman) range of dyes, many of this class contain 'blocked' vinyl sulphone residues; examples include sulphatoethylsulphone or chloroethylsulphone precursor groups, and these may be preactivated to the highly reactive vinyl sulphone form simply by a mild alkali treatment. After this activation, neutral, long-liquor dyeings can be carried out at the boil in the presence of electrolyte. This new dyeing method gave very good results in terms of overall fixation efficiency values, without the need for alkali additions.