缓存敏感的封闭冰山立方体计算

数据立方体计算通常会产生大量的输出结果,冰山立方体和封闭立方体是解决这个问题的比较流行的两种策略,二者可以结合使用.鉴于封闭冰山立方体(closed iceberg cube)的重要性和实用性,如何高效地计算封闭冰山立方体是一个值得研究的问题.提出一种缓存敏感(cache-conscious)的计算封闭冰山立方体的方法,在自底向上对数据进行聚集的同时,寻找覆盖聚集单元的封闭单元,将其输出,使用两种策略进行剪枝,去掉不必要的递归,同时使用Apriori剪枝技术,支持冰山立方体(iceberg cube)的计算.为了减少与内存相关的延迟,快速得到聚集结果,对多个维进行预排序,并将软件预取技术引入到数据扫描中.在模拟数据和真实数据上进行了详细而全面的实验研究,结果表明,封闭冰山立方体的计算方法是快速、有效的.     

Computing Iceberg Cubes by Top-Down and Bottom-Up Integration: The StarCubing Approach

Data cube computation is one of the most essential but expensive operations in data warehousing. Previous studies have developed two major approaches, top-down versus bottom-up. The former, represented by the multiway array cube (called the multiway) algorithm, aggregates simultaneously on multiple dimensions; however, it cannot take advantage of a priori pruning when computing iceberg cubes (cubes that contain only aggregate cells whose measure values satisfy a threshold, called the iceberg condition). The latter, represented by BUC, computes the iceberg cube bottom-up and facilitates a priori pruning. BUC explores fast sorting and partitioning techniques; however, it does not fully explore multidimensional simultaneous aggregation. In this paper, we present a new method, star-cubing, that integrates the strengths of the previous two algorithms and performs aggregations on multiple dimensions simultaneously. It utilizes a star-tree structure, extends the simultaneous aggregation methods, and enables the pruning of the group-bys that do not satisfy the iceberg condition. Our performance study shows that star-cubing is highly efficient and outperforms the previous methods     

Efficient Incremental Maintenance for Distributive and Non-Distributive Aggregate Functions

Data cube pre-computation is an important concept for supporting OLAP （Online Analytical Processing） and has been studied extensively. It is often not feasible to compute a complete data cube due to the huge storage requirement. Recently proposed quotient cube addressed this issue through a partitioning method that groups cube cells into equivalence partitions. Such an approach not only is useful for distributive aggregate functions such as SUM but also can be applied to the maintenance of holistic aggregate functions like MEDIAN which will require the storage of a set of tuples for each equivalence class. Unfortunately, as changes are made to the data sources, maintaining the quotient cube is non-trivial since the partitioning of the cube cells must also be updated. In this paper, the authors design incremental algorithms to update a quotient cube efficiently for both SUM and MEDIAN aggregate functions. For the aggregate function SUM, concepts are borrowed from the principle of Galois Lattice to develop CPU-efficient algorithms to update a quotient cube. For the aggregate function MEDIAN, the concept of a pseudo class is introduced to further reduce the size of the quotient cube, Coupled with a novel sliding window technique, an efficient algorithm is developed for maintaining a MEDIAN quotient cube that takes up reasonably small storage space. Performance study shows that the proposed algorithms are efficient and scalable over large databases.     

数据立方体计算方法研究综述

随着多维数据分析在各领域的广泛应用,基于数据立方体的计算方法受到大量研究者的关注.分析了影响 数据立方体计算的各种因素,其中包括数据存储空间、查询处理效率和数据立方体的维护消耗,并且阐述了数据立方体的物化策略.分别从冰山立方体、紧凑数据立方体、高维数据立方体、近似计算、流式数据立方体等几个方面综述了国内外现有的计算方法,分析了各种方法的特点以及适用范围.     

人工智能神经网络在交叉立方体上的有效映射

Malluhi等人在文献犤1犦中介绍了人工智能神经网络(ANNs)在超立方体上的有效映射,交叉立方体是超立方体的一个重要变型,而且具有比超立方体更优越的性质,如果在交叉立方体上实现ANNs的有效映射,会有更好的意义。论文证明了一个N×NMAT(mesh-of-appendixed-trees)可以嵌入包含4N2个节点的交叉立方体中,其中N是最大一层的长度,并且证明这个嵌入是最优的,从而给出了ANNs在交叉立方体上的一个有效映射。     

Utilizing Voronoi Cells of Location Data Streams for Accurate Computation of Aggregate Functions in Sensor Networks

Sensor networks are unattended deeply distributed systems whose database schema can be conceptualized using the relational model. Aggregation queries on the data sampled at each sensor node are the main means to extract the abstract characteristics of the surrounding environment. However, the non-uniform distribution of the sensor nodes in the environment leads to inaccurate results generated by the aggregation queries. In this paper, we introduce “spatial aggregations” that take into consideration the spatial location of each measurement generated by the sensor nodes. We propose the use of spatial interpolation methods derived from the fields of spatial statistics and computational geometry to answer spatial aggregations. In particular, we study Spatial Moving Average (SMA), Voronoi Diagram and Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). Investigating these methods for answering spatial average queries, we show that the average value on the data samples weighted by the area of the Voronoi cell of the corresponding sensor node, provides the best precision. Consequently, we introduce an algorithms to compute and maintain the accurate Voronoi cell at each sensor node while the location of the others arrive on data stream. We also propose AVC-SW, a novel algorithm to approximate this Voronoi cell over a sliding window that supports dynamism in the sensor network. To demonstrate the performance of in-network implementation of our aggregation operators, we have developed prototypes of two different approaches to distributed spatial aggregate processing. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. GIS'04, November 12–13, 2004, Washington DC, USA. Copyright 2004 ACM 1-58113-979-9/04/0011...$5.00.     

Variational 3D Shape Segmentation for Bounding Volume Computation

We propose a variational approach to computing an optimal segmentation of a 3D shape for computing a union of tight bounding volumes. Based on an affine invariant measure of e-tightness, the resemblance to ellipsoid, a novel functional is formulated that governs an optimization process to obtain a partition with multiple components. Refinement of segmentation is driven by application-specific error measures, so that the final bounding volume meets pre-specified user requirement. We present examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and show that it works well for computing ellipsoidal bounding volumes as well as oriented bounding boxes.     

Non‐Local Image Reconstruction for Efficient Computation of Synthetic Bidirectional Texture Functions

Visual prototyping of materials is relevant for many computer graphics applications. A large amount of modelling flexibility can be obtained by directly rendering micro‐geometry. While this is possible in principle, it is usually computationally expensive. Recently, bidirectional texture functions (BTFs) have become popular for efficient photorealistic rendering of surfaces. We propose an efficient system for the computation of synthetic BTFs using Monte Carlo path tracing of micro‐geometry. We observe that BTFs usually consist of many similar apparent bidirectional reflectance distribution functions. By exploiting structural similarity we can reduce rendering times by one order of magnitude. This is done in a process we call non‐local image reconstruction, which has been inspired by non‐local means filtering. Our results indicate that synthesizing BTFs is highly practical and may currently only take a few minutes for BTFs with 70 × 70 viewing and lighting directions and 128 × 128 pixels.     

一种基于分离包围盒的快速碰撞检测算法

提出了一种基于分离包围盒(SBVs)的快速碰撞检测方法.SBVs的空间形态和位置由两个模型的最优分离平面所决定,这使得它不仅可以快速检测出分离模型,而且在模型相交的情况下能够有效地缩小精确检测的范围.为了能够快速计算SBVs,设计并验证了一种基于SVM的近似计算SBVs方法.最后将SBV和图形硬件的计算优势结合起来,以实现复杂模型相交区的穿刺查询.实验结果表明,基于SBVs的碰撞检测算法能够高效、平衡地处理无拓扑模型的分离、碰撞,尤其是穿刺等复杂情况.     

一个基于实化聚集视图的近似查询计算模型及其应用

在数据仓库、大量交易记录系统、移动计算、联机分析处理系统(OLAP)等许多领域中聚集数据的处理是一个非常重要的核心问题。该文首先分析了聚集数据查询的特点,引入了聚集查询语言和聚集查询重写;其次对于聚集查询环境下如何实现快速查询,给出了一个基于聚集数据的近似查询计算模型;最后将该计算模型应用于人口统计系统,从而实现对统计信息类数据进行快速的查询处理,获得有效的查询结果。     

Efficient Computation of Smoothed Exponential Maps

Many applications in geometry processing require the computation of local parameterizations on a surface mesh at interactive rates. A popular approach is to compute local exponential maps, i.e. parameterizations that preserve distance and angle to the origin of the map. We extend the computation of geodesic distance by heat diffusion to also determine angular information for the geodesic curves. This approach has two important benefits compared to fast approximate as well as exact forward tracing of the distance function: First, it allows generating smoother maps, avoiding discontinuities. Second, exploiting the factorization of the global Laplace–Beltrami operator of the mesh and using recent localized solution techniques, the computation is more efficient even compared to fast approximate solutions based on Dijkstra's algorithm.     

基于聚集查询重写的近似计算及其应用

研究了聚集查询重写的特征,根据数据仓库环境下聚集查询需要快速计算的特点,给出了一个基于聚集查询重写的快速近似计算模型,并在人口统计信息系统中应用该计算模型实现快速查询计算,该近似快速计算模型可以应用于具有统计特征的数据环境,获得快速的查询计算结果。     

Hypergeometric Functions in Exact Geometric Computation

Most problems in computational geometry are algebraic. A general approach to address nonrobustness in such problems is Exact Geometric Computation (EGC). There are now general libraries that support EGC for the general programmer (e.g., Core Library, LEDA Real). Many applications require non-algebraic functions as well. In this paper, we describe how to provide non-algebraic functions in the context of other EGC capabilities. We implemented a multiprecision hypergeometric series package which can be used to evaluate common elementary math functions to an arbitrary precision. This can be achieved relatively easily using the Core Library which supports a guaranteed precision level of accuracy. We address several issues of efficiency in such a hypergeometric package: automatic error analysis, argument reduction, preprocessing of hypergeometric parameters, and precomputed constants. Some preliminary experimental results are reported.     

基于实化聚集视图的查询计算及其应用研究

对基于实化聚集视图的查询计算及相关研究进行了分析，并将相关的数据仓库的查询计算理论与面向应用的近视查询处理方法相结合，提出了一种基于实化聚集视图的近似查询计算方案，该方案具有广泛的应用前景。     

一种安全有效的基于身份的聚合签名方案

聚合签名是一种将n个来自于n不同签名者对n个不同消息m的签名聚合成一个单一签名的数字签名技术。利用双线性对技术,提出了一种有效的基于身份的聚合签名方案。同已有的基于身份的聚合签名方案相比,该方案在签名验证方面具有较低的计算成本。最后利用计算Diffie-Hellman问题的困难性在随机预言模型下证明了该方案在适应性选择消息和身份攻击下的不可伪造性。     

可公开验证的高效聚合签密方案

聚合签名能够把多个不同用户对不同消息所产生的不同签名聚合成一个签名,大幅度地提高验证的效率.聚合签密不仅能实现聚合,同时还提供机密性与认证性.本文利用双线性对构造了一个新的基于身份的聚合签密方案,并基于BDH和CDH问题,证明了方案的机密性和不可伪造性.此外,方案还满足可公开验证性,与同类方案相比具有更高的安全性,且运算量更小,效率更高.     

一种改进的冰山立方体计算方法及其在机票结算数据中的应用

为了提高冰山立方体的计算性能,本文提出一种基于位图索引改进的DPBUC_BI (Dynamic Pruning based BUC_BI)算法。该算法利用位图索引按列组织的特性重新定义BUC(Bottom-Up Computation)算法的分组操作,加快了数据的加载和查询;通过使用逻辑位运算实现聚合计算,提高了算法的计算性能。针对部分数据聚集现象增加动态剪枝策略,在保证算法正确性的情况下进一步提高了冰山立方体计算性能。最后将DPBUC_BI算法应用于机票结算数据的冰山立方体计算中,实验结果表明：该算法可以很好地提升计算性能,相对于经典BUC算法在时间性能上有一定的提高。     

Efficient Pairing Computation on Huff Curves

Abstract

Pairings on elliptic curves are currently of great interest due to their applications in a number of cryptographic protocols such as identity-based encryption, group signatures, short signatures, and the tripartite Diffie-Hellman. Miller's algorithm is the most commonly used method of computing Tate pairing. Denominator elimination can improve Miller's algorithm when the embedding degree has the form 2ⁱ3^j. However, if the embedding degree does not have the above form, how can the speed of Miller's algorithm be increased? In this article, the authors modified Miller's algorithm over Huff curves. It is about 20.38% faster than the original algorithm.     

Efficient Computation of the Euclidean Distance Transform

We present a simple algorithm for the Euclidean distance transform of a binary image that runs more efficiently than other algorithms in the literature. We show that our algorithm runs in optimal time for many architectures and has optimal cost for the RAM and EREW PRAM.