介绍几种新的铝合金轴承材料

历来,作为内燃机滑动轴承的材料主要是锡基和铅基巴氏合金、磷青铜、锡青铜、铅青铜合金等。国外近年来在改善和发展新的轴承合金材料方面做了大量的试验研究工作,主要对有发展前途的铝基合金轴承材料做了研究和改进。现介绍如下: 一、铝硅镉系改良合金 作为内燃机滑动轴承的合金层,其使用性能优于众所周知的磷青铜、锡青铜、铅青铜、巴氏合金、铝锡系、铝硅系及铝硅镉系合金。 1.铝硅镉锆合金。主要化学成分:Si2     

还原型硅钼酸盐光度法测定不锈钢中硅含量的试验研究

钢铁及合金中酸溶硅的含量测定,对应于国家标准GB223.5-2008《钢铁及合金化学分析方法还原型硅钼酸盐光度法测定酸溶硅含量》,本标准适用于铁、碳钢、低合金钢中0.030%(m/m)~1.00%(m/m)酸溶硅含量的测定,实验方法简单、快速、分析准确,广泛用于基本的化学成分分析试验,也被用做仲裁实验;本文参照此方法对不锈钢进行分析测定。材料研究所将国家标准GB223.5-2008《钢铁及合金化学分析方法还原型硅钼酸盐光度法测定酸溶硅含量》的适用范围进行扩大,在此国家标准的基础上改进,形成一个应用范围更广的非标准实验方法,以便适应我公司目前的理化检验现状。     

铜—锡及铜—锡—锌铸造合金(铸造锡青铜及锡锌青铜)铸件—关于机械和物理特性的参考数据

本附件包含对DIN1705的信息但是并非附加的标准定 本附件1包含有关于铜-锡及铜-锡-锌铸造合金（铸造锡青铜及锡锌铸造青铜）材料特性的参考数据见表1和表2 表1包含有关于在室温和较高温度下的机械性能,关于弯曲交变强度以及剪切强度的计算提示。此处大多数数值取自文献资料,并按临界试验对标称最小值进行了作图法内插。 表2包含有关于物理特性的基础资料,应当注意,一般铸皮不具有与铸造材料相同的性能,因此在试验前应把它仔细地清除掉。     

钢铁联合企业应对气候变化效应评价体系研究

对钢铁联合企业应对气候变化效应评价体系进行研究,并开发一套包含能源消耗强度、资源循环利用、温室气体排放、低碳减排管理及气候变化应对等5个准则和20个指标的钢铁联合企业应对气候变化效应评价体系.该体系可根据钢铁联合企业的发展情况及相关能源消耗数据,通过运用层次分析法及模糊综合评价法,最终得出企业在应对气候变化效应中所处的...     

废镀锡铜料中铜锡分离回收技术

对废镀锡铜料中铜和锡进行回收,可以节约短缺的铜、锡资源,具有良好的经济和社会效益。将废镀锡铜料中铜锡分离后分别进行回收,是回收废镀锡铜料的重要步骤。介绍了化学法、电化学法、化学-电积法和热解法分离回收废镀锡铜料中的铜锡,为实现高效回收废镀锡铜线中的铜和锡提供参考。研究发现明确废镀锡铜料的成分可以更有效地选取合适的分离回收技术,需在前端收集废镀锡铜料时加强分类管理,避免未知杂质混入,有助于实现废镀锡铜线中铜锡高效回收。     

使用全聚合物处理给水提高锅炉的可靠性

1981年7月,美国钢铁公司的Gary炼钢厂开始采用一种新的全聚合物锅炉给水处理方法,已证明这项技术是非常成功的,因此,炼焦厂的九台锅炉全部于1982年1月都改用这种新方法来处理给水。几个月内,装有涡轮式鼓风机锅炉厂房内的六台锅炉、锡厂锅炉房内的七台锅炉和4号锅炉房的三台锅炉,也都换用了这种新的给水处理方法。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锡基合金中的Cd、Ni、Cu、Pb、Fe

研究了用火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定锡基合金中的Cd、Ni、Cu、Pb、Fe五种元素含量的分析方法,确定了仪器的最佳工作条件:如波长、狭缝、灯电流,燃助比等,并探讨测试中适当的溶样方法及其他干扰因素。     

电弧炉炼钢钢铁料消耗评价模型研究

钢铁料消耗是衡量炼钢生产技术水平的重要经济指标,在炼钢过程中钢铁料消耗成本占总成本的80%以上,有效降低钢铁料消耗是减少炼钢成本、提高企业竞争力的重要途径。通过对电弧炉炼钢过程进行机理分析,研究电弧炉炼钢过程物料转化规律,建立电弧炉炼钢输入输出平衡关系,得到理论出钢量计算方法。考虑原料特性对于钢铁料消耗的影响,提出以实际出钢量与理论出钢量的比值作为钢铁料消耗评价指标,评价电弧炉炼钢过程中的冶炼操作对钢铁料消耗的影响。采用SQL Server 2012数据库软件与Visual Studio2013开发工具,开发电弧炉炼钢钢铁料消耗评价模型,实现电弧炉冶炼操作对钢铁料消耗影响的评价。为进一步获得各种冶炼操作与钢铁料消耗之间的关系,建立钢铁料消耗优化操作制度奠定基础。     

连杆小头衬套材料工艺及试验评价的研究进展

针对连杆小头摆动摩擦副载荷过大、润滑不良、温升过高而导致的衬套早期失效问题,归纳了近年来衬套常用衬层金属材料铅青铜、锡青铜、铝青铜和共晶硅铝合金的性能特点,分析了电镀涂层、热喷涂和气相沉积镀膜等常用的衬套表面处理技术的原理及其应用前景,介绍了磨损试验、疲劳试验和抗咬合试验等衬套失效试验评价方法的研究进展。从材料、工艺及试验评价的角度为连杆小头摆动摩擦副失效问题的改善提供参考。     

ICP-AES法测定钛合金中合金元素含量

本文采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪对钛合金中硅、铁、铝、钼的分析方法进行了试验研究 ,着重研究了内标试验、离峰校正试验及第三元素干扰试验 ,通过试验找到了一个分析钛合金的准确可靠的方法 ,本方法灵敏度及准确度高 ,操作简便、快速。     

坝后背管弹性中心法与有限元方法对比分析

结合某水电站坝后背管，采用结构力学弹性中心法和有限元法分析了内水压力作用下钢衬和环向钢筋的应力及管道径向裂缝，对其计算结果进行对比分析，说明两方法的实用性和有效性。     

Capacity fade in Sn-C nanopowder anodes due to fracture

Sn based anodes allow for high initial capacities, which however cannot be retained due to the severe mechanical damage that occurs during Li-insertion and de-insertion. To better understand the fracture process during electrochemical cycling three different nanopowders comprised of Sn particles attached on artificial graphite, natural graphite or micro-carbon microbeads were examined. Although an initial capacity of 700?mAh?g(-1) was obtained for all Sn-C nanopowders, a significant capacity fade took place with continuous electrochemical cycling. The microstructural changes in the electrodes corresponding to the changes in electrochemical behavior were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The fragmentation of Sn observed by microscopy correlates with the capacity fade, but this fragmentation and capacity fade can be controlled by controlling the initial microstructure. It was found that there is a dependence of the capacity fade on the Sn particle volume and surface area fraction of Sn on carbon.     

Current situation of energy consumption and measures taken for energy saving in the iron and steel industry in China

A survey of the key issues associated with the development in the Chinese iron and steel industry and current situations of energy consumption are described in this paper. The apparent production of crude steel in China expanded to 418.78 million tonnes in 2006, which was about 34% share of the world steel production. The iron and steel industry in China is still one of the major high energy consumption and high pollution industries, which accounts for the consumption of about 15.2% of the national total energy, and generation of 14% of the national total wastewater and waste gas and 6% of the total solid waste materials. The average energy consumption per unit of steel is about 20% higher than that of other advanced countries due to its low energy utilization efficiency. However, the energy efficiency of the iron and steel industry in China has made significant improvement in the past few years and significant energy savings will be achieved in the future by optimizing end-use energy utilization. Finally, some measures for the industry in terms of the economic policy of China's 11th five-year plan are also presented.     

基于施工仿真的水电站蜗壳保压优化方案分析

蜗壳结构是电站厂房的核心结构物,为确保大型水电站安全稳定运行,优选合理的保压值是关键。以某大型水电站充水保压蜗壳结构为例,基于ABAQUS平台引入混凝土损伤塑性模型,采用仿真算法优化分析了蜗壳结构保压值,探讨了钢衬应力的规律和间隙开度变化的不均匀性,并分析了保压值变化对结构损伤分布和发展过程的影响,优选了适合工程的保压值。     

转炉钢渣磁选过程含铁矿物的分离特征

采用磁选提铁的方法探讨了钢渣中含铁物相的分离特征,对比了分离出的精矿、尾矿微观结构和成分的变化规律,结果表明:转炉钢渣中铁的赋存状态主要是纯的铁氧化物和RO相为主.9.6 × 104 A/m磁场强度下,磁选产物主要为金属铁颗粒和铁的氧化物.9.6 × 105 A/m强磁场条件下,RO相被大量分离提取.磁选处理后,转炉渣...     

从钢在高温下的氧化特性谈节能

采用差热天平对45号钢、65Mn钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在高温下的氧化特性进行了实验研究。探索了钢的氧化速度与加热温度、保量时间的关系。提出了减少氧化烧损应采取的措施。     

Axial Field Permanent Magnet DC Motor With Powder Iron Armature

The paper describes a double-gap axial field permanent magnet (PM) dc motor whose double-layer armature wave winding is constructed of copper strips. It investigates the performance of two machines using powder iron and lamination steel materials as armature teeth. Tests are conducted to evaluate the motor torque and speed curves as well as their efficiency under different loads. Finite element analysis (FEA) and equivalent circuit models are used to determine the levels of the magnetic saturation in the motors; calculate torque, inductance, and electromotive force (EMF); and determine the distribution of losses in the machine. The results show that the powder iron armature machine has lower back EMF and torque constants, and is less efficient than the steel laminations machine, which is due to the lower permeability and saturation flux density of the powder iron material.     

Capturing energy efficiency in European iron and steel production—comparing specific energy consumption and Malmquist productivity index

European iron and steel producers are working towards increased energy efficiency to meet requirements set by European policies such as the Energy Efficiency Directive. In this study, we show that the specific energy consumption (SEC), representing the iron and steel sector in the Odyssee energy efficiency index (ODEX)—the tool for policy evaluation recommended by the European Commission—is insufficient for capturing energy efficiency trends of European iron and steel production. European producers focus on niche markets, diversifying and specialising their set of products well beyond crude steel, which is the benchmark product for deriving the SEC. We compare the SEC with the more comprehensive Malmquist productivity index (MPI) methodology, which is calculated using data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques. An evaluation of energy efficiency trends during 2000–2010 showed that the SEC overestimated energy efficiency improvements for European steel industries, while underestimating the improvements achieved by Swedish steel industries. A comparison between the SEC, the MPI/DEA approach, and energy intensity based on value added in the Swedish case provides further insight to the methodological differences between the approaches. We conclude that the approaches highlight different aspects of energy efficiency analyses and that the SEC is not sufficient for capturing the energy efficiency of steel industries.