含氟聚合物在溶液中的聚集行为与其固化后表面性质

含氟高分子材料的优异表面性能主要依赖于含氟组分在表面的富集和排列。高分子溶液经常用来制备各种材料,在固化过程中含氟高分子在溶液缔合状态影响含氟组分在表面的富集。文中主要综述了含氟组分组成、结构、溶剂等对含氟聚合物分子在溶液中聚集形态的影响,以及聚合物聚集形态对其固化后表面结构性能影响的研究进展。     

水溶性高分子溶解过程中的声衰减

详细研究了不同频率下水溶性高分子溶解过程中可溶盐(KC l、N aC l、N aB r)及EDTA对其声衰减效果的影响。试验结果表明,在低频条件下可溶盐对水溶性高分子溶解过程中的声衰减有明显的影响,若在其中加入EDTA可以基本消除这种“盐效应”的影响。     

不同中和度聚丙烯酸水溶液的黏度行为

测定了不同中和度聚丙烯酸水溶液的黏度,结果表明,在中和度为0.25时聚丙烯酸水溶液比浓黏度出现最大值。进一步测定了中和程度分别为0.04和0.09、以及没有经过中和的聚丙烯酸水溶液比浓黏度的浓度依赖性,发现存在着两个特征的浓度C1和C2。当溶液的浓度小于C1时,高分子溶液的比浓黏度保持恒定;当溶液的浓度大于C1时,高分子溶液的比浓黏度随着浓度的增加而增加。当溶液浓度达到C2时高分子溶液比浓黏度对浓度作图再次出现转折,此时进一步增加溶液的浓度,高分子溶液比浓黏度虽然继续增加,但是增加的梯度有所下降。高分子溶液比浓黏度的浓度依赖性与溶液中高分子内和高分子之间相互作用密切相关。     

聚合物基金属梯度复合膜合成中的电化学行为

通过将聚合物-金属盐-有机溶剂三元浓溶液涤于阴极材料表面，干燥至一定程度，然后用电化学还原方法，制备了聚合物基金属梯度复合膜(MPGCF)，对电化学反应体系及反应温度等重要条件进行了研究．结果表明，采用碳-碳-B液体系及碳-铜-C液体系时，均可合成结构可控的MPGCF，但以后者的合成条件更温和，适当提高介质温度，有利于MPGCF沉积和过渡层的形成。     

真空喷雾法制备高分子功能薄膜研究进展

高分子功能薄膜因质量轻、柔韧性好及易于加工等特点而在新型微纳光电器件上有很好的潜在应用前景。由于存在高温热致烧蚀或分解,常规的蒸发镀膜和溅射镀膜等方法无法用来制备高分子聚合物薄膜,而一般的溶液旋涂和滴涂技术,又存在薄膜易污染、孔洞多及溶剂残留等问题。近年来出现了在真空下通过溶液喷射制备聚合物薄膜的方法,该方法是将有机聚合物溶液在高压下经喷嘴直接喷射到真空室中形成细小雾滴并沉积到基片上形成薄膜。真空环境和加热可使溶剂快速蒸发,进而能够避免大量空气和溶剂在薄膜中的残留,具有操作简单且能制备多层或梯度结构复合功能薄膜的特点。本文对相关研究进行了综述,发现该方法尚存在成膜厚度不易监测,成膜影响因素缺乏系统的理论分析等问题,亟待进一步研究解决。     

疏水改性高分子溶液性能的研究及进展

疏水改性水溶性高分子溶液性能和流变特性的研究对于疏水改性高分子的结构设计、表征以及溶液性能探索和应用具有重要意义.从浓度、疏水结构、电解质、表面活性剂、剪切和温度等方面综述了疏水改性高分子溶液性能的研究及进展.     

极性溶剂在高分子膜内溶解扩散行为预测

使用^1H核磁共报分析方法，证明聚丙烯酸酯的三氯甲烷溶液中氢键的存在，并研究了三氯甲烷在聚丙烯酸酯中的溶解扩散行为．由于氢键存在加强分子间相互作用，使得溶解性增强，扩散性减小．使用LFHB-EOS模型计算溶解性，自由体积理论推算扩散系数，同时考虑耐溶剂基膜的抑制溶胀效果，建立数学模型计算渗透通量．对高分子溶液相平衡计算而言，当高分子的分子量大于一定值以后，溶剂的溶解性与分子量无关．三氯甲烷在充填型复合膜中的渗透通量计算结果和蒸汽渗透实验测定基本一致，表明以化工热力学的物性推算为基础进行有机溶剂分离膜设计研究在合有氢键作用的极性溶剂体系取得成功。     

磁场影响高聚物结晶的研究进展

磁场对生物大分子溶液结晶的影响已被广泛研究。研究表明,磁场可以作为调控大分子溶液结晶形貌和晶体结构的新方法。近年,磁场对本体聚合物结晶的影响已备受关注。文中从稳恒磁场对生物大分子和本体聚合物结晶形态、结晶动力学的影响以及相关理论等方面,综述了近年来稳恒磁场作用下,生物大分子溶液结晶与本体结晶的研究现状。     

磁场影响高聚物结晶的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

磁场对生物大分子溶液结晶的影响已被广泛研究。研究表明,磁场可以作为调控大分子溶液结晶形貌和晶体结构的新方法。近年,磁场对本体聚合物结晶的影响已备受关注。文中从稳恒磁场对生物大分子和本体聚合物结晶形态、结晶动力学的影响以及相关理论等方面,综述了近年来稳恒磁场作用下,生物大分子溶液结晶与本体结晶的研究现状。     

车轮降噪效果评价中衰减时间取值与适用性分析

衰减时间t0是轨道车辆车轮声辐射水平及降噪效果评价中的关键参数之一,t0的取值在车轮噪声领域并没有形成统一的规范。以某地铁阻尼环车轮为例,研究t0取值对车轮声辐射水平及降噪效果评价结果的影响,并进行适用性分析。结果表明：t0的不同取值会影响车轮声辐射的评价结果,t0取值越短,车轮声辐射评价值随t0的变化其波动越大,车轮在低频的降噪效果达到稳定值所需要的时间t0比在高频更长;t0取值较短时,车轮降噪效果评价值更贴近其实际使用效果,t0取值较长时,能够兼顾峰值及衰减,并涵盖声衰减周期内的大部分能量,从而更加全面地评估车轮地声辐射水平。研究结果明确了衰减时间对车轮降噪效果评价结果的影响规律及取值适用范围,具有工程参考和指导意义。     

聚合物的水声声衰减能力与动态力学性能的关系

以描述高分子材料粘弹行为的三元模型为出发点,以声波在高分子介质中的传播理论为依据,推导出了材料的水声声衰减能力与材料的动态力学性能参数包括损耗因子、松弛前的剪切模量、松弛后的剪切模量以及材料的密度和厚度之间的关系式。为实验验证所推导的关系式,设计合成了一系列阻尼性能不同的聚合物,分别测试了它们的动态力学性能和声衰减能力。用材料的动态力学性能参数计算得到的水声声衰减系数与实验测得的声衰减能力相符合。该数学模型为找出吸声系数与材料的动态力学性能之间的关系、指导水声材料设计奠定了基础。     

环氧树脂基轻质芯材夹层复合吸声结构的水声性能

用玻璃纤维、乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂和空心玻璃微珠等为原料合成了环氧树脂基轻质夹层复合吸声结构(EPS),在脉冲声管和消声水池中测试了EPS试件的反射系数和吸声系数,测试结果表明,EPS的水声性能受到芯材基体比例、聚醚胺固化剂含量及分层比例等工艺参数的影响,通过合理控制这些参数,可以使芯材相对密度0.8±0.05、厚度25...     

Relationship between the swelling process and the release of a water-soluble drug from a compressed swellable-soluble matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol)

An attempt was made in this study to relate the release of a highly water-soluble model drug from tablet matrices of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) with the factors that may affect the release behavior. Swelling was evaluated using a simple projection method. The swollen layer was photographed to monitor its thickness. The polymer and drug dissolution were determined simultaneously by spectrophotometric methods. The resulting change of tablet area showed that the process of swelling occurred in three different stages that were intimately related to polymer dissolution: (a) a rapid initial swelling, resulting in an increased area; (b) a period with an approximately constant area; and (c) a decrease of the tablet area. In spite of the significant dissolution of PVAL during the release process, the thickness of the gel layer gradually increased. Thus, the delivery was governed by the drug concentration gradient along the diffusional path length. The drug release appeared to be controlled by a diffusion process according to Higuchi-type kinetics. The data analysis of drug and polymer profiles confirmed the diffusional mechanism.     

聚氨酯弹性体的合成和水下声学性能

用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、聚醚二醇(PPO)和3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)等原料合成了聚氨酯弹性体,在脉冲声管中测试了合成试样的声压反射系数和吸声系数,研究了合成工艺参数对其水下声学性能的影响。测试结果表明,TDI-PPO-MOCA合成型聚氨酯弹性体是一种良好的水下吸声材料,其吸声性能受到固化温度,扩链剂含量等参数的影响。加入填料和改变其结构可以进一步改善聚氨酯弹性体的水下声学性能,因此合理地设计实验工艺参数,可以得到水下声学性能更佳的聚氨酯弹性体。为工业生产提供了理论参考。     

Relationship Between the Swelling Process and the Release of a Water-Soluble Drug from a Compressed Swellable-Soluble Matrix of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)

An attempt was made in this study to relate the release of a highly water-soluble model drug from tablet matrices of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) with the factors that may affect the release behavior. Swelling was evaluated using a simple projection method. The swollen layer was photographed to monitor its thickness. The polymer and drug dissolution were determined simultaneously by spectrophotometric methods. The resulting change of tablet area showed that the process of swelling occurred in three different stages that were intimately related to polymer dissolution: (a) a rapid initial swelling, resulting in an increased area; (b) a period with an approximately constant area; and (c) a decrease of the tablet area. In spite of the significant dissolution of PVAL during the release process, the thickness of the gel layer gradually increased. Thus, the delivery was governed by the drug concentration gradient along the diffusional path length. The drug release appeared to be controlled by a diffusion process according to Higuchi-type kinetics. The data analysis of drug and polymer profiles confirmed the diffusional mechanism.     

多层高分子复合结构斜入射声波吸声性能

研究了多层高分子复合结构在斜入射声波作用下, 各层材料动态力学性能参数和几何参数变化对其吸声性能的影响规律。应用三维传递矩阵数学模型计算了多层复合结构对垂直入射声波的吸声系数, 并与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明计算结果与实验结果基本一致。利用此数学模型分析了各层材料厚度、模量、损耗因子及泊松比变化对吸声性能的影响。分析结果表明, 各因素变化对吸声性能影响较大, 且外层材料性能参数变化对吸声性能的影响明显大于内层材料性能参数变化对吸声性能的影响。      

Effect of polymers and media type on extending the dissolution of amorphous pioglitazone and inhibiting the recrystallization from a supersaturated state

Amorphous forms of crystalline drug are widely utilized for bioavailability enhancement of low solubility drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Polymers have been found to be effective crystallization inhibitors for amorphous forms in solid states during storage or in liquid states during dissolution process. The dissolution and crystallization behaviors of these amorphous forms in the presence or absence of polymers are still far from adequately understood especially in different dissolution environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of polymers and media type on extending the dissolution of amorphous pioglitazone and inhibiting the recrystallization from a supersaturated state. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30), polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVPK90), polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), polyethylene-polypropylene glycol 188 (F-68), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were employed to understand these behaviors changes because these polymers were used widely. Three solutions including neutral water and phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, pH6.8 and pH7.4) were adopted as dissolution media to determine the behaviors changes comprehensively. In the presence of polymers, dissolution and solubility were extended to different degrees in three media. Polymers can delay the crystallization routes dependently of the medium type. Buffer salts in media reduced the dissolution and accelerated the crystallization process. Crystallization inhibition of these polymers was strongly dependent on the type and pH of media. HPMC displayed the strongest crystallization inhibition effects, resulting in the greatest degree of maintaining a supersaturated state that can sustain most effectively for biologically relevant timeframes.     

珊瑚型环礁斜坡地形水下声传播特性分析

从岛礁斜坡地形条件下的声信号衰减和地形阻断效应分析出发,重点针对水下声场分布规律及其对声传播造成的影响开展研究.利用水声模型理论,结合某礁实测地形以及水文数据,建立岛礁斜坡地形下的多途声信道模型,基于Bellhop与RAM声学仿真方法,对不同地形下的声线轨迹、声传播损失以及信号时延等声场特性进行仿真分析,得出岛礁斜坡地...     

混浊海水声吸收与温度、盐度、压强关系

混浊海水的声吸收和声散射特性对水声探测设备工作性能的影响较大。通过经验公式仿真分析了温度、盐度和压强对低频段、低悬浮泥沙颗粒浓度混浊海水声吸收的影响。结果表明:温度和盐度对混浊海水声吸收的影响较大,而压强对混浊海水声吸收的影响可以忽略。构建并研制了一套混浊海水声吸收特性测量系统,实验研究了温度对混浊海水声吸收的影响,声吸收系数随温度的变化规律与仿真结果吻合较好。此研究成果可对混浊海水中的声传播建模、声纳探测系统设计及声纳性能的评估等提供一定参考。