2－十一烷基－N－羧甲基－N－羟乙基咪唑啉的合成与应用

本文介绍了以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料，用固体催化剂，在真空条件下，以氮气保护并气提出水分，合成２－十一烷基－Ｎ－羧甲基－Ｎ－羟乙基咪唑啉及其应用。     

2—十一烷基—N—羟甲基—N—羟乙基咪唑啉与阴离子表面活性剂的协同效应

用最大气泡法测定咪唑啉的表面张力和临界胶束浓度,并与N-月桂酸-N-甲基牛磺酸钠（AMT）复配后测其表面张力及其分子间的相互作用参数。利用正规溶液理论对它们的协同效应进行了讨论,表明实验值与计算结果相符。     

1—氨乙基—2—十七烷基咪唑啉的合成

采用高温下滴加硬脂酸，真空条件下环化的方法合成１－氨乙基－２－十七烷基咪唑啉，并经正交实验得出合成的较佳工艺条件；环化温度２４０℃，环化时间３ｈ硬脂酸与二乙烯三胺的配比为１：１．４。     

2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉的合成及性能

以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺为原料,合成了十一烷基羟乙基咪唑啉,再与季铵化试剂氯乙酸乙酯反应合成了低盐含量的2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉(LSUHCI)。用FT-IR和质谱表征了十一烷基羟乙基咪唑啉中间体结构,并进行了组分定性定量分析,用FT-IR和1H?NMR表征了LSUHCI的结构,研究对比了其与普通型2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉(UHCI)的物化性能。结果表明,LSUHCI中NaCl含量为1.3%,是一种低盐型表面活性剂,LSUHCI的平衡表面张力(γcmc)为27.52?mN/m,临界胶束浓度(cmc)、润湿性和乳化性均优于UHCI,发泡性和稳泡性比UHCI差。     

2—十一烷基咪唑啉的制备及用途

本文简要概述了2－十一烷基咪唑啉的制备方法及用途，并对其中的主要用途例举了几个简单配方。     

二羟乙基咪唑啉阳离子表面活性剂的合成

本文以月桂酸和Ｎ－（２－羟乙基）乙二胺为原料，经酰胺化、环化和季铵化，合成了一种二羟乙基咪唑啉阳离子表面活性剂，测试了其表面张力和泡沫性能，并对合成路线和方法做了讨论。     

糖基硼酸酯表面活性剂的合成及表面活性的研究

以硼酸、葡萄糖和癸酸氯为原料合成了糖基硼酸酯(即硼酸双葡萄糖酯双癸酸酯,简称DGBR),并利用红外对其结构进行了表征和分析,结果显示其结构和设计产物结构相符合。并采用表面张力法确定了DGBR的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC),其CMC、γCMC和文献值相接近;考察了不同Na Cl浓度对DGBR表面性能的影响,并计算了饱和吸附量(Γmax)和单分子饱和吸附面积(Аmin)等参数,随着Na Cl浓度的增加,其表面性能增强。     

一种不对称阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成及表面活性研究

以α-溴代十四酸乙酯和4-癸基苯酚为原料,经Williamson醚化、磺化及皂化反应制备了一种不对称阴离子Gemini表面活性剂α-(4-癸基-2-磺基)-苯氧基十四酸钠,简写为C12CO2Na-p-C10SO3Na,考察了醚化反应条件,并用FTIR和1HNMR表征了中间体及目标产物结构。结果表明,醚化反应的最佳条件为:以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和甲苯作溶剂,无水K2CO3作缚酸剂,物料比n(α-溴代十四酸乙酯)∶n(4-癸基苯酚)=1.05∶1,回流反应3 h,醚化产物收率为77.2%(以4-癸基苯酚计)。采用吊片法测定了目标产物的表面活性,其表面张力最低可降至26 mN/m左右,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为3.28×10-6mol/L,比相应常规单链表面活性剂十四烷酸钠和间癸基苯磺酸钠的CMC低3个数量级,体现出Gemini表面活性剂优异的表面活性。     

Direct Method of Preparation of Dodecanesulfonamide Derivatives and Some Surface Properties

Alkanesulfonamide compounds are known as surfactants because of the presence of –SO₂NH– function in their molecule. Thus, they are used in many formulations in the chemical and textile industries and also as inhibitors of corrosion. Generally, sulfonamide derivatives are prepared using sulfonyl chlorides as the raw material. The methods often described in the literature involve the use of ammonia gas and pressure. A simple and direct method to prepare pure alkanesulfonamide derivatives possessing good surface properties is presented in this work. Thus, n-dodecanesulfonyl chlorides obtained by photochemical sulfochlorination of n-dodecane under visible light using sulfuryl chloride were separated from the reaction mixture. These sulfonyl chlorides, a mixture of primary and secondary isomers, were transformed in one step into N-ethyldodecanesulfonamides, N-ethanoldodecanesulfonamides and the salts of dodecanesulfonamidoacetic acid. After purification on chromatographic column, the six position isomers of these sulphonamide derivatives were analysed and well separated by gas phase chromatography using a nonpolar column. Then, gas phase chromatography analysis coupled to mass spectrometry using electronic impact (GC/MS/IE) was performed to identify the different position isomers. The primary isomers of sulphonamide derivatives were identified by crossed injection of the compounds obtained by synthesis from the 1-chlorododecane using the Grignard reagent, and identified by IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-RMN, elementary analysis and GC/MS/IE. Some physico-chemical properties of these sulphonamide derivatives were examined. The variation of surface tension versus the concentration of both primary and secondary sulphonamide derivatives were studied, and the critical micellar concentration was determined for the compounds showing surface activity. The foaming power was also determined by the Bartsch method, and the results obtained were compared to those of a commercial surfactant, the linear alkylbenzenesulfonate. The stability of the foam formed was also evaluated.

Effects of the Polypropylene Oxide Number on the Surface Properties of a Type of Extended Surfactant

The surface properties of 5 extended surfactant C_12–14P _mE₂S solutions in pure water and 0.1 M NaCl were investigated through surface tension and electrical conductivity measurements. The surface properties measured include the critical micelle concentration (CMC), critical surface tension (γ_cmc), maximum surface excess concentration (Γ_max), minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule (A_min), and efficiency in surface tension reduction (pC₂₀). The CMC values of the 5 surfactants decreased with increasing polypropylene oxide number (PON) and were higher than those obtained in 0.1 M NaCl. The Γ_max values showed a downward trend whereas the A_min values exhibited an upward trend with increasing PON without NaCl. The Γ_max values were higher and the A_min values were lower than those obtained without 0.1 M NaCl. The CMC values increased at elevated temperatures. The CMC values of C_12–14P₃E₂S, C_12–14P₅E₂S, and C_12–14P₈E₂S were similar but were markedly lower than those of C_12–14E₂S at different temperatures. When PON was less than 12, the log CMC value decreased linearly with increasing PON in the absence of salt, and the relationship between pC₂₀ and PON was linear. But in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl, the log CMC value decreased exponentially with increasing PON.     

脱醇方法及醇含量对表面张力影响的研究

本文研究了烷基糖苷（ＡＰＧ）合成工艺中脱高碳醇的方法及ＡＰＧ中的醇含量对其表面张力σ以及临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）的影响。结果表明：利用“减粘度剂存在下二次蒸馏法”分离ＡＰＧ中高碳醇的方法是有效的。且醇含量对σ与ＣＭＣ具有一定影响     

水相中表面活性剂与盐类的物理化学关系及其在水处理过程中的作用

探讨无机盐类对表面活性剂溶液体系相态、表面张力、流变等性质的影响。盐类的离子效应通过多种微观机理使微乳液相态、表面张力、临界胶束浓度、流变性质、浊点等物理化学性质产生明显变化，从而影响体系的动力学和热力学参数；较全面地考虑这些盐效应的影响对改善废水处理技术具有重要意义。     

单体乳化剂的合成及其表面活性的研究

合成了单体乳化剂 4 -( 1 1 -甲基丙烯酰胺基 )十一烷酰胺基苯磺酸钠 [SMAUBS]和乳化剂 4 -十一烷酰胺基苯磺酸钠 [SUABS]。研究了乳化剂的表面活性。测定了 SMAUBS、SUABS的临界胶束浓度分别为 1 .92× 1 0 - 2 mol/L,6.90× 1 0 - 3mol/L     

Synthesis,Surface Property and Antimicrobial Activity of Cationic Gemini Surfactants Containing Adamantane and Amide Groups

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants, namely 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid bis(alkyldimethyl-3-ammoniopropyl amide) dibromide designated as [Ad-2(amC _n )] (n = 12, 14, 16), containing adamantane, two amide groups, and two hydrocarbon chains, were synthesized from 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid. The surface-active properties of the surfactants were investigated through surface tension and electrical conductivity measurement. A series of thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy \(\left( {\Delta G^\circ_{\text{m}} } \right)\) , enthalpy \(\left( {\Delta H^\circ_{\text{m}} } \right)\) , and entropy \(\left( {\Delta S^\circ_{\text{m}} } \right)\) of micellization were evaluated from electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature range from 288 to 308 K. The micellization for [Ad-2(amC _n )] is entropy-driven at low temperature and enthalpy-driven at high temperature. Further, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized gemini surfactants against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also investigated, and this study showed that the compound [Ad-2(amC₁₂)] has excellent antibacterial activity against all studied bacteria.     

2-丙烯酰胺基辛烷基磺酸钠的合成及其胶束化行为研究

以丙烯腈与1-辛烯为主要原料,合成了表面活性单体2-丙烯酰胺基辛烷基磺酸钠(NaAMC8S)。在n(1-辛烯)∶n(丙烯腈)∶n(发烟硫酸)=1∶6∶1,反应温度25℃,反应时间24h,产品收率(按1-辛烯计)为82.2%。用红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、高分辨质谱和X射线能谱确认了NaAMC8S的化学结构。用电导法与表面张力法测定了NaAMC8S的临界胶束浓度(CMC)。用稳态荧光光谱法测定了CMC和胶束的微极性。结果表明,25℃时,用电导法和表面张力法测得NaAMC8S的CMC分别为44.75mmol/L和51.76mmol/L,对应的表面张力为50.61mN/m;且CMC随温度变化很小。