山莓叶抑制兔离体肠运动活性物质的提取及活性稳定性研究

本研究以山莓叶为原料,以兔离体肠运动为模型,80%乙醇提取后采用4种不同极性溶剂进行提取,筛选具有抗腹泻的活性组分,并考察温度、pH、光质、光照时间和脱鞣质处理对粗提物抑制兔离体肠运动活性的影响。结果表明:山莓叶抑制兔离体肠运动的活性物质主要在乙酸乙酯层,其它层提取物的活性大小依次为:石油醚层水层正丁醇层氯仿层;山莓叶醇提物在30℃~60℃范围内抑制兔离体肠运动活性稳定,高温(90℃和120℃)条件下离体肠的张力增量变化率较30℃处理分别下降了15.43%和32.45%;pH对抑制肠运动活性影响较大,酸性条件下活性最高,其次是中性,碱性条件下抑制其活性,pH 12处理后张力增量变化率仅为11.90%;不同光质和不同光照时间处理后仍具有极显著抑制兔离体肠运动的作用(P0.01);脱鞣质处理会使山莓叶醇提物抑制肠运动活性减弱,说明鞣质可能是山莓叶抗腹泻活性成分之一。     

猕猴桃提取物促进小鼠离体肠段运动的初探

重点观察猕猴桃不同提取成分对成年雄性小鼠离体小肠的作用。结果发现,猕猴桃提取液中主要含有糖分、有机酸和VC,而猕猴桃提取物中主要含有膳食纤维;正常成年雄性小鼠离体小肠的平均收缩频率和收缩力分别是62.0±1.00次/min和3.5±0.01g,同等实验条件下,用猕猴桃提取液原液灌肠可明显提高小肠收缩频率和收缩力(p<0.001),与阳性参照物(乙酰胆碱)促进肠道运动的作用和效果十分近似。当猕猴桃液浓缩2倍和5倍时,其作用于小肠的效果,尤其是收缩频率更较乙酰胆碱显著增加(p<0.05);猕猴桃提取物对小鼠离体肠段的收缩频率和肠肌收缩力影响不如提取液。本研究提示,猕猴桃提取液随着其有机酸和总糖浓度的升高,肠肌收缩频率和肠肌收缩力升高。     

刺梨食用菌发酵液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

目的：探究刺梨食用菌发酵液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。方法：腹腔注射环磷酰胺构建免疫抑制小鼠模型,将小鼠随机分为6组,分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组及刺梨食用菌发酵液(REFB)低、中、高剂量(3.9,7.8,15.6 mL/kg bw)组。灌胃期间每天记录小鼠体质量,连续灌胃30 d后,分别测定各组免疫器官指数,采用CCK-8法测定脾脏T、B淋巴细胞增殖率,流式细胞仪检测脾淋巴细胞分化情况,ELISA法测定脾脏细胞因子含量,以及采用抗氧化试剂盒方法测定各组肝脏及胸腺组织抗氧化能力。结果：与模型对照组相比,REFB各剂量组均能显著提高小鼠免疫器官指数(P<0.05),提高脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖率(P<0.05),促进脾淋巴细胞分化(P<0.05),提高脾脏IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α含量,降低IL-10含量,显著提高肝脏和胸腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。结论：REFB能够有效缓解环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用,同时提高免疫抑制小鼠的抗氧化功...     

日粮核苷酸对早期断奶小鼠生长发育的影响

实验观察日粮核苷酸混合物对早期断奶小鼠生长发育的影响.采用16～17日龄的断奶Balb/c雄性小鼠60只,分成6组,其中3组饲喂半纯合日粮作为对照,另外3组饲喂添加质量分数0.25%核苷酸混合物的日粮,在实验的第2,4,10天分别取对照组和实验组各一组,测定生长发育指标.随着时间的延长小鼠体增重、胸腺和脾脏重量以及胸腺指数和脾脏指数都显著下降(P<0.01),第10天时核苷酸组体重损失显著低于对照(P<0.05),日粮核苷酸对胸腺和脾脏质量没有显著影响,但有减缓质量下降的趋势.肝脏质量、肝脏指数、小肠质量以及肠壁厚度在第4天显著下降,第10天时基本恢复或超过第2天.日粮核苷酸对肝脏、小肠质量、肠壁厚度没有显著影响,但在第4天时能够减轻肝脏和小肠质量的下降,使肝脏指数显著高于对照(P<0.05).核苷酸能改善消化道形态,提高小肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/腺窝深度(P<0.05).实验组小鼠脾细胞淋巴细胞转化率在第10天时显著高于对照(P<0.05).结果表明日粮核苷酸能够减轻断奶对小鼠造成的应激,促进机体生长和免疫功能的恢复.     

牯岭勾儿茶多糖对老龄小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响

目的:观察牯岭勾儿茶多糖对老龄小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。方法:以老龄小鼠为研究对象,观察牯岭勾儿茶多糖对老龄小鼠碳粒廓清指数、胸腺指数和脾脏指数、血清免疫球蛋白水平,血清及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果:牯岭勾儿茶多糖能提高老龄小鼠碳粒廓清指数和吞噬指数,增加脾脏指数和胸腺指数,升高血清IgG和IgM水平,提高血清和肝脏SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低血清和肝脏MDA含量。结论:牯岭勾儿茶多糖具有增强老龄小鼠免疫功能和抗过氧化损伤作用。     

林蛙油对运动训练小鼠肝脏保护作用研究

探讨林蛙油对运动训练小鼠肝脏自由基代谢和超微结构的影响.以ICR小鼠为研究对象,通过建立灌服林蛙油小鼠递增游泳训练和游泳力竭模型,测定小鼠力竭游泳时间、肝脏SOD活性、MDA含量和小鼠肝脏超微结构的变化.林蛙油能延长小鼠力竭游泳时间,增加肝脏SOD活性,降低MDA的含量.小鼠肝脏组织超微结构的观察表明,林蛙油可显著减轻运动对肝脏组织超微结构的损伤.林蛙油能显著提高训练小鼠的运动能力和肝脏抗自由基氧化的功能,对运动造成的肝脏组织超微结构的损伤有明显的保护作用.     

乳杆菌对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的：体外评估7 种乳杆菌的免疫作用,探讨小鼠离体脾脏淋巴细胞在筛选免疫活性乳酸菌中应用的可行性。方法：用MTT 法观察不同种属、不同剂量的活性和热致死乳杆菌对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖能力的影响。结果：活性和热致死乳杆菌单独作用都能促进体外淋巴细胞增殖且均表现出剂量依赖关系,当活性和热致死乳杆菌剂量为107CFU/mL 时(即细菌与细胞的比例为10:1)的效果最为明显(P＜ 0.05),且活菌制剂的免疫调节作用优于热致死菌体 (P ＜ 0.05),其中活性罗伊氏乳杆菌、约氏乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌刺激淋巴细胞的增殖指数(PI 值)明显较ConA诱导组高(P ＜ 0.05)。结论：正常离体小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞可用于体外初步筛选具有潜在免疫活性的乳杆菌,从而缩小用于动物实验的目标菌株的范围。     

牦牛发酵酸奶中耐久肠球菌的筛选鉴定和益生特性

为从牦牛发酵酸奶中筛选出新的食源性益生菌株,通过培养分离、16S rRNA基因测序分析和生化实验鉴定出4株耐久肠球菌。这4株分离株与已报道的8株耐久肠球菌的同源性高达99.4%~99.9%,并且在系统发育树中单独聚为一支。其中耐久肠球菌SWUN5857的体外抗酸和抗胆盐能力最强,在体外可以有效抑制致病性大肠杆菌(抑菌圈直径(17.0±0.3)mm)和沙门氏菌(抑菌圈直径(18.0±0.2)mm)的生长,对常见的大多数抗生素都敏感,并且可以很好地与小鼠各段肠黏液产生黏附。短期喂服耐久肠球菌SWUN5857可以显著提高小鼠体质量(P0.01),促进动物脾脏和胸腺的发育,同时还可提升动物体液和细胞免疫水平(P0.01)以及肠道SIg A的表达水平(P0.01)。综上所述,分离得到的耐久肠球菌SWUN5857能很好地适应胃肠环境压力,有效提高动物的生长性能和免疫功能,可以作为候选的益生性菌株。     

副干酪乳杆菌对酒精致肝损伤小鼠生长性能和肝脏的影响

该实验旨在研究副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）M5L对酒精致肝损伤小鼠生长性能及肝功能的影响。试验选取40只生长性能良好、体质量在25～28 g之间的昆明小鼠，随机将小鼠分为对照组、模型组、高、低副干酪乳杆菌剂量组，每组各10只，饲养28 d后进行生长性能和肝功能指标的测定。结果表明，与模型组的小鼠相比，副干酪乳杆菌M5L处理后能显著提高小鼠的体质量（P＜0.05），显著增大胸腺指数和脾脏指数（P＜0.05）；减轻小鼠肝脏水肿、充血，肝细胞坏死的情况，并且显著降低小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性（P＜0.05），显著降低小鼠肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）的含量（P＜0.05），显著增加小鼠肝脏中超氧化歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量（P＜0.05）。综上，副干酪乳杆菌M5L能够提高酒精致肝损伤小鼠的生长性能，并增强小鼠肝脏的抗氧化能力。     

水产品源创伤弧菌腹腔感染小鼠的损伤作用及靶器官分析

为了解市售水产品中分离获得的创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)ZJGSUCD 03菌株与创伤弧菌CICC21615菌株对小鼠脏器毒性大小和主要感染部位的差异,将两菌株分别稀释到6,7,8 lg(CFU/m L),按照0.2m L菌液/g体质量给小鼠腹腔注射。小鼠肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和血液无菌穿刺培养,确定腹腔感染后的靶器官,HE染色观察肝脏和脾脏组织损伤情况,测定谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶活性及丙二醛含量。结果表明,小鼠腹腔注射创伤弧菌后,两菌株最大剂量组肝脏系数显著高于同菌株其他剂量组和对照组。最大剂量组的小鼠肝脏细胞空泡变性明显,内部结构被破坏,细胞膜破裂;脾脏组织细胞间隙增大,出现大量白色斑点,脾脏组织疏松明显;谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活增加量,谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶活减少量与其他剂量组和对照组差异显著。MDA含量差异不显著。小鼠腹腔感染创伤弧菌后,主要分布在肝脏和脾脏,少量分布在肾脏。研究表明,ZJGSUCD 03对小鼠脏器的毒性弱于CICC 21615,经腹腔感染后主要靶器官为肝脏和脾脏。     

Distribution of procyanidins and their metabolites in rat plasma and tissues after an acute intake of hazelnut extract

Procyanidins are present in a wide range of dietary foods and their metabolism is well known. Nevertheless, the biological target and their distribution are topics lacking information. The purpose of the present work was to study the metabolism and distribution of procyanidins and their metabolites in rat plasma and different tissues, such as liver, brain, lung, kidney, intestine, testicle, spleen, heart and thymus, after 2 h of an acute intake of hazelnut extract rich in procyanidins (5 g kg(-1) of rat body weight). The interest of an acute intake of procyanidins instead of repeated low doses from daily ingestion of is to achieve a concentration of metabolites in the tissues that allows their detection and quantification. The results showed that catechin and epicatechin-glucuronide, methyl catechin and epicatechin-glucuronide and methyl catechin and epicatechin-sulphate were detected in plasma samples at the μmol level. On the other hand, catechin-glucuronide, methyl catechin-glucuronide and methyl catechin-sulphate were identified in some tissues, such as thymus, intestine, lung, kidney, spleen and testicle at the nmol level. Procyanidins with a low grade of polymerization (dimers and trimers) were detected in plasma samples and the intestine. Additionally, a wide range of simple aromatic acids from fermentation by the colonic microflora was detected in all tissues studied.     

决明子乙醇提取物的亚慢性毒性研究

为观察决明子乙醇提取物的亚慢性毒性 ,选用健康断乳Wistar大鼠 12 0只 ,随机分为 6组(1个阴性对照组和 5个剂量组 ) ,每组 2 0只 ,雌雄各半 ,分别以 5、15、2 5、35、4 5g生药量 kgBW 剂量掺入饲料 ,喂养大鼠 90d。结果表明 ,决明子乙醇提取物各剂量组均使大鼠肾 体比、肝 体比比值升高 ,肾、结肠、直肠、肠系膜淋巴结色素沉积 ,肠系膜淋巴结反应性增生。 15 0g kgBW 及以上剂量组脾 体比、白细胞计数升高 ,结肠浅表性粘膜炎。 2 5 0g kgBW 及以上剂量组动物体重增长缓慢 ,食物利用率下降 ,睾丸萎缩。作用靶器官 :肾、结肠、直肠、肠系膜淋巴结、睾丸。本实验条件下 ,决明子乙醇提取物最小毒副作用剂量为 5 0g kgBW,按 10 0倍安全系数计算 ,折合人体日摄入量为 3g ,小于药典规定的日最小摄入 9g的限量要求。本研究表明决明子作为保健食品原料长期大量摄入存在一定安全隐患 ,应限制使用剂量和服用期限 ,不宜列入“既是食品又是药品的物品名单”。     

Effects of sometribove on zinc metabolism and tissue mineral concentration in dairy calves.

The metabolism of Zn and tissue mineral concentrations were studied after a single oral 65Zn dose in 10 6-wk-old Holstein calves injected subcutaneously daily with 0 (control) or 10 mg of sometribove (recombinant methionyl bST) for 6 wk. Zinc-65 absorption was not significantly affected by bST; its concentration in the semitendinosus muscle was reduced by 32% in the bST calves, but concentrations in liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, heart, small intestine, testicle, and rib were not different from controls. Manganese content was reduced by 27% in liver, 60% in kidney, 99% in spleen, 92% in testicles, and 33% in rib. Iron content of pancreas, spleen, and testicle and Zn content of rib were increased in the bST calves. The data indicate that Zn metabolism was not affected adversely by bST. Manganese content of several tissues was significantly reduced in the bST calves; however, no clinical signs of an Mn deficiency were evident.     

Effects of intraperitoneally injected vicine and convicine on the rat: Induction of favism-like signs

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with single or several successive doses of vicine or convicine. Single injections of these compounds at different concentrations caused increased respiration rates, generalised cyanosis, abdominal convolutions and, after several hours, death which appeared to be caused by asphyxiation. The tissues of the dead animals were engorged with dark brown blood and the large intestine and caecum contained entrapped gases and watery digesta and faecal matter. A second study demonstrated that injected vicine and convicine were cleared from the intraperitoneal cavity over several hours via the kidney and large intestine and that they were cleaved in the digesta of the large intestine and colon to divicine and isouramil. In a third study, rats were injected daily for 10 days with vicine or convicine. There were increases in spleen weight and blood monocytes and neutrophil counts and decreases in liver weight, blood glutathione and glucose concentrations, and lymphocyte counts. Blood from rats pretreated in vivo with convicine was shown to have an altered ultraviolet absorbance pattern. A similar pattern developed in vitro only in the presence of the aglycones of vicine (divicine) or convicine (isouramil) but not in the presence of the compounds themselves. The results of these studies demonstrate that vicine and convicine when injected intraperitoneally into the rat are converted to their aglycones which cause signs similar in many respects to those observed in the human metabolic disease, favism.     

子二代商品大鲵不同可食部位营养成分分析

对子二代商品大鲵可食部位分布情况与营养成分进行分析,其中水分、蛋白质、脂肪与灰分采用国标的方法检测,还原糖采用蒽酮比色法。在大鲵体中可食部位占全鱼总质量的76.23%,其中皮肤占全鱼总质量的8.56%,肌肉（即白肉）部分主要分布在背部、腹部、尾部,占总质量的39.90%,血液和内脏占全鱼总质量的23.05%,脂肪组织主要集中分布在尾部,占总质量的4.73%;在不同可食部位中,营养成分主要由水分、蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质元素组成。蛋白质在大鲵体内分布规律为：皮肤〉背部肌肉〉尾部肌肉〉腹部肌肉〉肠〉肝脏〉脂肪。油脂成分在体内分布规律为：脂肪〉肝脏〉尾部肌肉〉肠〉腹部肌肉〉背部肌肉〉皮肤。还原糖只在肝脏中有检出,其他部位均未检出。在大鲵不同可食部位均含有丰富的微量元素。可见,子二代商品大鲵是一种营养价值较高的肉食食品。     

力泉粉保健作用的研究

本研究以小白鼠为实验对象,观察了力泉粉对小体重增长、负重游泳时间、常压耐缺氧作用、水迷宫试验的影响及对小鼠血红蛋白、血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活力、血清总蛋白、血糖、血清尿素氮、肝脏脂褐质、过氧化脂质、免疫器官与体重比值等的影响。结果表明：力泉粉实验组能增加小鼠体重（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）,增加产爬杆时间和耐缺氧时间（Ｐ〈０．０５）,增加血甭总蛋白、血糖、血清乳酸脱氢酶含量（Ｐ〈０．０５,降     

The effects of different levels of dietary lead on zinc metabolism in dairy calves

The effects of feeding diets containing 500 or 1500 ppm added lead as lead sulfate on zinc and zinc-65 metabolism in Holstein bull calves were investigated. Zinc absorption was slightly (not significantly) reduced in the calves fed lead. Fecal zinc excretion was increased by the lead diets by day 24 of the experiment. Dietary lead had no significant effect on zinc in blood. Except for the tibia, muscle, and brain, stable zinc decreased in all tissues of calves fed the 1500 ppm lead diets, and differences were significant in pancreas, heart, and testicle. A significant decrease was noted in pancreatic zinc in pancreas of calves fed 500 ppm lead. Tissue zinc-65 concentrations were decreased significantly by lead in the tibia and muscle. Intestinal tissue zinc was not affected materially by lead. Dietary lead had very little effect on cellular distribution of zinc in the liver and kidney. In the mucosal cells of the small intestine, lead increased zinc-65 in the cytosol while decreasing it in the crude nuclear fraction. This effect occurred in a linear fashion in all three sections of the small intestine as dietary lead increased.     

一种中草药组方保健食品润肠通便功能的研究

目的:研究一种中草药组方保健食品对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。方法:采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,通过小鼠小肠推进实验和排便实验,检测该中草药组方对小鼠小肠墨汁推进率、排首粒黑便时间、6 h内排黑便粒数及排便质量的影响。结果:与便秘模型组相比,该中草药组方保健食品能促进小肠运动,明显减少排便时间,增加6 h内粪便粒数和粪便质量。结论:该中草药组方保健食品具有良好的润肠通便作用。     

Hypoglycemic effects of black glutinous corn polysaccharides on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

To investigate substances from corn with the potential to affect blood sugar levels, black glutinous corn polysaccharides (BGCP) were isolated and evaluated for hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Mice were administered daily doses of 800, 500 or 200 mg/kg BGCP for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, serum insulin levels, body weight and the organ weight of liver, kidney, spleen and thymus were measured. All three BGCP-treated groups showed reduced blood glucose levels, and treatment with 800 mg/kg resulted in greater hypoglycemic effects than treatment with lower doses. At week 4 of the trial, mice receiving 800 or 500 mg/kg BGCP showed blood glucose levels that were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than untreated diabetic control mice. Administration of alloxan led to significant loss of body weight after 2, 3 and 4 weeks. BGCP treatment did not affect the weight of the thymus and spleen compared to untreated diabetic control mice. The weight of the liver decreased and the weight of kidney increased in alloxan-treated diabetic mice, but kidney weight did not increase in diabetic mice treated with 800 mg/kg BGCP.