材料科学与工程专业工程应用型人才的培养

结合重庆理工大学材料科学与工程专业的实际情况,分析了该专业人才培养的现状,指出了存在的问题,明确了加强材料专业工程应用型人才培养的重要性。从人才培养目标、培养体系、师资队伍、实验教学等方面探讨了材料科学与工程专业工程应用型人才培养的途径。     

Model Selection in Applied Science and Engineering: A Decision-Theoretic Approach

Mathematical models are developed and used to study the properties of complex systems in just about every area of applied science and engineering. Information on the system being modeled is, in general, incomplete, so that there may be two or more models consistent with the available information. The collection of these models is called the class of candidate models. A decision-theoretic method is developed for selecting the optimal member from the collection. The optimal model depends on the available information, the class of candidate models, and the model use. The candidate models may be deterministic or random. Classical methods for model selection, including the method of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, are briefly reviewed. These methods ignore model use and require data to be available. In addition, examples are used to show that classical methods for model selection can be unreliable in the sense that they can deliver unsatisfactory models when data is limited. The proposed decision-theoretic method for model selection does not have these limitations. The method accounts for model use via a utility function. This feature is especially important when modeling high-risk systems where the consequences of using an inappropriate model for the system can be disastrous.     

计算机应用基础课程教学改革初探

针对目前中等职业技术学校计算机应用课程教学的现状,进行了改革,探讨了一些行之有效的教学方法.     

以学科竞赛为龙头创建培养应用型人才实训基地

高等院校人才培养模式问题,一直以来是高等教育研究的核心问题之一.大学生学科竞赛有着常规教学不可比拟的特殊的创新教育功能,对培养学生应用能力,优化人才培养过程,提高教学质量,具有独特的和不可替代的作用.在此通过以学科竞赛为龙头,创建培养应用型人才基地的实践,对独立学院的人才培养模式进行了探讨.     

应用型本科机械类人才的培养模式

本文分析了应用型本科机械类人才培养的背景，明确了应用型本科机械类人才专业建设指导思想和知识能力结构，提出了“一优一动两突出”的人才培养模式，构建了以数控技术为特色的理论教学、实践教学体系，并对我校机械类人才培养的工程实践环境建设、师资队伍建设、教材建设等方面进行了总结。     

工程技术应用型人才培养模式研究

工程应用型人才和技术应用型人才是经济社会发展需要和高等教育发展过程中形成的特定人才类型,具有不同于学术型和技能型人才的本质规定性,其人才培养模式的构建也不同于其他人才类型。在分析了应用型人才的分类及各自特点的基础上,提出了构建工程技术应用型人才培养模式应该注意的问题。     

School Desegregation and Social Science Research.

Research on the effects of school desegregation, once quite common in psychology and related fields, has declined considerably since the mid-1980s. Factors contributing to changes in the quantity and focus of such research since the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision are discussed, with an emphasis on those related to the decline of this research in the last 2 decades. These factors include the nation's retreat from the policy of school desegregation and the associated decline in research funding. Changing perspectives regarding desegregation, the outcomes of desegregation that merit study, and the desirable composition of research teams studying desegregation have also played a role. Demographic changes in our society and its schools that have made salient other research topics and the development of effective research paradigms for studying intergroup relations in the laboratory have also contributed to this decline. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

材料科学与工程专业实验教学改革

经过几年的探索与实践,东北大学材料科学与工程专业形成了以培养学生动手能力和创新意识为主要目标的实验教学体系;改革了传统的以认识实习、生产实习和毕业实习为特征的岗位培训式教学,构建了专业基本技能训练、专业实践等实验教学环节;充分利用校内实验条件,建设了涵盖材料制备、处理、加工、微结构表征、性能检测等材料研究全流程的校内实践基地,探索出一种校内外相结合的实践教学模式。     

Data Division for Developing Neural Networks Applied to Geotechnical Engineering

In recent years, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to many geotechnical engineering problems with some degree of success. In the majority of these applications, data division is carried out on an arbitrary basis. However, the way the data are divided can have a significant effect on model performance. In this paper, the issue of data division and its impact on ANN model performance is investigated for a case study of predicting the settlement of shallow foundations on granular soils. Four data division methods are investigated: (1) random data division; (2) data division to ensure statistical consistency of the subsets needed for ANN model development; (3) data division using self-organizing maps (SOMs); and (4) a new data division method using fuzzy clustering. The results indicate that the statistical properties of the data in the training, testing, and validation sets need to be taken into account to ensure that optimal model performance is achieved. It is also apparent from the results that the SOM and fuzzy clustering methods are suitable approaches for data division.     

对工程应用型本科院校实践教学改革的战略思考

加强实践教学的改革与建设,是加强学生创新能力的有效形式,是培养学生创新精神和实践能力的重要途径。工程应用型本科院校积极借鉴国外同类院校改革经验,适时转变观念,重构科学、合理的实践教学新体系,创新产学合作新机制,加强双师型师资队伍建设力度,大力实施实践教学管理与质量监控．可以不断提高工程应用型本科院校人才培养质量。     

Comment on the "Social Science Reporter".

Inotice in the Psychological Notes and News section of the April American Psychologist an announcement of a publication (Social Science Reporter) which presents abstracts of research significant for management, published by a Mr. Harlow. In view of the high value which Mr. Harlow apparently sets on his publication by charging $250 a year for a four-page newsletter which appears twice a month, and in view of the fact that the social scientists who do the research which provides his material receive little or no compensation for its use, it seems to me that psychologists should consider whether or not they wish to allow the use of their material for the profit of Mr. Harlow. I would very much like to see a committee of the APA investigate this enterprise, and report whether or not it deserves our cooperation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clarification of the Social Science Research Council.

Clarifies the L. H. Hicks et al (1970) article which refers to the Social Science Research Council (SSRC). SSRC fellowships have favored social psychology research, but not exclusively. The SSRC also has current or past committees on the bases of behavior, learning, and comparative developmental behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

理工科新生大学英语学习的需求分析

研究以问卷形式对北航2008级理工科新生大学英语学习的需求情况进行了调查和分析.数据表明,理工科新生大学英语学习者在宏观性学习策略上和课堂形式上都对视听说具有高度的心理倾向,在学习题材上对人文知识具有高度的心理倾向,这些调查结果与2007版<大学英语课程教学要求>(以下及文中简称<新要求>)中所设定的教学目标相符,证明<新要求>所规定教学目标具有合理生和现实意义.研究还表明,理工科新生学习者高度重视课堂情绪/情感体验尤其是成就感体验.根据研究结果,文章对大学英语教学改革提出了建议.     

关于社会工程哲学的基本问题

社会工程哲学是一门新兴的学科.社会工程哲学应该把人作为其研究的逻辑起点,它的研究对象是人与社会的关系,但它所要研究的并非是人与社会的一切关系,而主要是人与社会实践的关系.     

简介钢大模清水砼在工程应用中的质量控制

根据钢大模清水砼在某高层住宅工程的施工情况，简单介绍钢大模清水砼施工的质量控制措施。     

边坡稳定性分析中的能量法及其工程应用

用能量法对边坡稳定性的进行判别，导出有限元数值计算中用能量原理表示的边坡失稳条件；边坡系统的失稳与系统刚度矩阵的非正定性一致。对边坡工程实例的应用表明，在进行有限元计算的同时，用能量原理对边坡稳定性进行判别是可行的，其所得结论不仅与现场实际情况相符，还与极限平衡法得出的结论相一致，且比极限平衡法更加明确。     

冶金工程应用型本科专业实习教学体系构建

专业实习是冶金工程应用型本科专业实践教学的重要一环。直接关系到教学质量和培养目标。结合当前冶金工程专业实习现状,从冶金工程专业学生技能培养目标的定位;实习计划与教学大纲的制定与完善、先进实用的实习指导书的总结编写;专业理论课堂教学的拓展;专业实习现场指导教学方法的探究;实训、实习特色基地的建立;全面素质教育等方面,探讨冶金工程应用型本科专业实践教学体系的构建,强化工程技术应用能力的培养。