花卉中醌类及苯丙素类化合物与食疗

分析了中医食疗药膳学与现代营养学的关系,重点介绍了花卉中醌类及苯丙素类食疗因子,介绍了常见食疗花卉食品并进行了展望。     

高血脂症的食疗方案研究

高血脂症是指血液中一种或者多种脂质含量超过正常高限时的病症,也称为高脂蛋白血症,分为胆固醇偏高的高脂血症和甘油三酯偏高的高脂血症2种。一般以成年人空腹12～14h血清胆固醇超过5.4mmol/L、甘油三酯超过1.8mmol/L,儿童总胆固醇超过4.14mmol/L,则称为高血脂症。     

Dietotherapy of patients with anorexia nervosa and eating disorders in inpatient clinic

We assessed a nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa, theirs metabolical indicators and body structure with the use of bioimpedometry. Also we assessed a basal metabolic rate patients with anorexia nervosa with the use of indirect calorimethry method. We developed an algorithm of dietotherapy of patients with anorexia nervosa. In dependence of expressiveness degree of metabolical disorders of patients we suggested three different food allowance with different caloric content and different chemical compound of the food. The results show us the improvement of status of patients: their activity have risen up, mood have stabilized, anxiety have decreased, appetite have taken a turn for the better and their weight have stabilized too.     

Effects of diet therapy on the course of chronic pancreatitis: ambulatory follow-up data

The data of clinical, laboratory-biochemical and immunological investigations conducted in 75 patients with chronic pancreatitis have been analyzed. The patients who received diet therapy were investigated under clinical conditions and during dispensary follow-up (6-9 months after the discharge from the clinic). The ration, sparing mechanically and chemically the digestive organs, included on an average 120 g protein, 85 g fat and 350 g carbohydrates. The main clinical symptoms of the disease diminished under the influence of the diet therapy. Improvement of the pancreas function was recorded in the absolute majority of the patients (normalization of activity of proteolytic enzymes assayed in the blood serum: trypsin, trypsin-inhibitor, amylase, lipase). Favourable changes were also observed in immunological parameters. When the patients followed the dietetic recommendations at home, the positive effect of the diet therapy was enhanced. A conclusion has been made that patients with chronic pancreatitis should be given diet therapy not only under clinical but also under dispensary conditions, thus inhibiting the disease progressing.     

Study of intestinal time in patients with chronic pancreatitis with the help of hydrogen breath test

With the help of hydrogen breath test (HRT) the state of small intestina micro flora was studied and the time of transiting chyme in it was defined in 72 patients with chronic biliary-dependent pancreatitis. It was determined that in small intestine of 40% of patients there took place an excessive bacterial growth and chime transiting time increased. After dietary (a standard high-protein diet) and enzyme (Mezim, Creon) therapies, the bacterial semination and HRT were in norm. The use of HRT in gastroetherology permits to evalu ate the efficacy of performed therapy, m particular in patients with body weight deficiency, the character of diarrhea, its possible link with exoennous function of pancreas and excessive bacterial growth in intestine.     

Substantiation of an optimal protein quota in the diet of patients with chronic pancreatitis based on the study of nitrogen balance

Based on nitrogenous balance studies performed under the clinical conditions in patients with chronic pancreatitis given the diet with different protein content (80, 120 and 150 g/day) it is recommended that the optimal protein quota should be equal to 114-120 g/day in the diets intended for patients' population in question.     

Effect of a diet containing a protein enteral feeding formulation on pancreatic exocrine function in chronic pancreatitis patients

Secretion of enzymes and bicarbonates in the duodenal aspirate was studied in 60 chronic pancreatitis patients with mild, moderate and severe course of the disease after secretin-pancreozymin stimulation. During 4 weeks the patients received two variants of diets: enpit (EP, enteral feeding formula) and diet 5P. The differences in the secretory response of the patients could be explained by the high quality of animal protein and by low content of fat in the diet with EP, that makes this diet more sparing and promotes the improvement of the clinical effect.     

Analysis by means of pancreatozymin of the degree of parallelism of secretion of pancreatic enzymes in healthy persons and patients with chronic pancreatitis]

In 14 normal individuals and in 28 patients with chronic recurrent pancreatitis the total secretion of amylase, lipase and trypsin, as well as the proportions of these enzymes in 20 minute portions of the duodenal contents under basal conditions and after an intravenous injection of 1.5 Un/kg of the "Boots" pancreozymin were studied. A definite disproportion in the stimulated secretion of pancreatic enzymes with a higher amylase/lipase ratio and a lower lipase/trypsin ratio was found to occur as a physiological phenomenon, the degree of this disproportionality, however, being substantially greater in patients with chronic pancreatitis than in healthy persons. An inference is drawn that, along with an investigation into the overall amount of enzymes secreted secondary to pancreozymin stimulation, of importance is not so much the very fact of divulging the non-proportionality of the stimulated pancreatic enzymes secretion, but rather the analysis of the nature and the degree of this disproportionality. This is essential, in particular, when estimating the effect of various nutritional patterns on the external secretion of the pancreas.     

Using fat load with medium chain fatty acids as a test for assessing lipid metabolism and exocrine function of the pancreas in patients wits chronic pancreatitis

An additional fat load, rich in medium chain acids was used to supplement a standard ration of 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis as a test for assessing assimilation and tolerance of lipids. Good tolerance of these acids as well as the lack of negative influence on the exocrine function of pancreas was revealed. This makes expedient to include the acids in ration of patients with chronic pancreatitis with the purpose to increase its energy value.     

Immunomodulating activity of thymogen in acute pancreatitis]

Immunity system parameters were explored at 48 persons with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) and at 36 practically healthy persons (donors). At AP diseased were found declinations in immunity system especially at the side of immunity T-cell link. Including of tymogen in complex treatment at the dose 0.5-0.8 mg for the treatment course at AP diseased was having immune correcting action and leadind to positive dynamics of clinical changes. It was observed elimination of T-cell immune deficiency at AP diseased.     

Determination of the optimal amount of protein in the diet in chronic enteritis

In patients with chronic enteritis the curative effect of diets containing 135 and 160 g of protein was studied. The optimal action was found to produce a diet containing 135 g of protein. An increase of the protein proportion up to 160 g does not improve the clinical efficacy of the diet, nor does it increase the retention of nitrogen. It augments above the normal level the elimination of epinephrine with urine, which is followed by the appearance of creatinuria and an elevated oxygen deficiency in the urine. The dietary with 135 g of protein is to be continued for a lengthy period of time, for it is no sooner than after 1 1/2-2 months of the cure that there appears a tendency toward normalization of the body mass and concentration of ninhydrin-positively responding compounds in the blood serum.     

Biologically active food additives for correction of the chronic fatigue syndrome

The syndrome of chronic fatigue is a rather new pathology, included in ADS 10. There is no specific treatment. Vitamins and microelements are very important for the prevention and treatment of CFS. Of special significance are BAA on the basis of yarsts, which are universal in their biological chemical composition and contain high amounts of vitamins B, K and essential aminoacids. The aim this work is clinical diagnostic of "Nagipol" use, made on the basis of beer yeasts, for the prevention and treatment of CFS. Clinical-dietologic study showed that "Nagipol" biologically active additive, useful in CFS, prodvecins clinical status improvement in CFS, positively influencing cognitive CNS functions, symptoms of psychoemtional instability, normalizing blood biochemical parameters, can be recommended as one of the addition element in diet-therapy of patients with excessive body mass and otesitg with the associated CFS. Recommended "Nagipol" as preventive-medical dietetic means for this pathology.     

Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals (R) during metabolism is a necessary and normal process that ideally is compensated for by an elaborate endogenous antioxidant system. However, due to many environmental, lifestyle, and pathological situations, excess radicals can accumulate, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been related to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases that account for a major portion of deaths today. Antioxidants are compounds that hinder the oxidative processes and thereby delay or prevent oxidative stress. This article examines the process of oxidative stress and the pathways by which it relates to many chronic diseases. We also discuss the role that endogenous and exogenous antioxidants may play in controlling oxidation and review the evidence of their roles in preventing disease.     

Correlation of nutritional factors and chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system

A mean set of food products used by a person every day was statistically analyzed on the basis of 21-year budget investigation of the population with the use of information tables. The rate of mortality due to chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system was studied using the data of annual statistical reports for 21 years. The correlation analysis of the findings obtained has shown that the food factors investigated are not reliably associated with the values of mortality from gastric malignant neoplasms and gastroenterocolitis.     

Behaviour modification in the management of chronic habits of abnormal eye rubbing

Objectives

To describe how and why many keratoconus patients do not comply with strong advice to control chronic habits of abnormal rubbing. To outline a behaviour modification approach for controlling chronic habits of abnormal rubbing.

Methods

Common reasons for chronic habits of abnormal rubbing have been reviewed as a basis for specifying a behavioural modification approach to habit reversal.

Results

The methods described are organized into the classic behavioural modification structure of: (1) habit awareness, (2) competing responses, (3) development of motivation, and (4) social support. This structure is supported by the application of social influence principles to achieve optimum compliance.

Conclusions

The use of take-home written information in the form of an Abnormal Rubbing Guide is the basis for the development of motivation. Family social support is based upon a widening of the responsibility for avoiding eye rubbing to all family members. Some patients will need minimal application of these principles with patient education being sufficient intervention to achieve habit reversal. For patients with strong provocation to rubbing and/or by having a well established rubbing habit, a greater exposure to the habit reversal program described is indicated. Successful habit reversal may slow the rate of ectasia progression. Prophylactic application of the methods described for patients who are at risk for developing keratoconus, or post-laser assisted in situ keratomileusis keratectasia, may show that some forms of keratectasia are preventable.     

Toxicological analysis of the chronic consumption of diheptanoin and triheptanoin in rats

The aim of this study was to synthesise glycerol esters from heptanoic acid and to evaluate the toxicity of their chronic consumption in rats. The synthesised product (64% triheptanoin, 34% diheptanoin and 2% monoheptanoin) was called experimental oil. Newly weaned male Wistar rats ( n  = 3 × 10) were fed with control diet AIN-93, control with 30% substitution of soybean oil with experimental oil (TAGC₇ 30%) or control with substitution of 50% (TAGC₇ 50%), for 9 months. The experimental oil did not affect the growth, lipid digestibility or hepatic and renal function, and the lipid profile serum analysis. Additionally, it exhibited a hepato-protector effect in group TAGC₇ 50%. In conclusion, the chronic consumption of di- and triheptanoin was not toxic in rats, suggesting that they may be used in the treatment of disorders in which more easily digestible lipids are required.