聚三唑/碳纳米管复合材料的制备与性能研究

将叠氮基与碳纳米管(CNT)反应,制备叠氮化碳纳米管(ACNT),用FTIR、XPS等手段证明碳纳米管实现了叠氮化;借助超声波的作用使ACNT均匀分散于单体中,然后用原位聚合方法制备了聚三唑/碳纳米管(PTA/ACNT)复合材料。用透射电镜观察ACNT在基体树脂中的分散状况和复合材料的微观结构,研究了ACNT的添加分数对PTA/ACNT复合材料玻璃化温度(Tg)、热稳定性(Td5)和导热系数(λ)的影响。结果表明:与PTA纯树脂相比,当ACNT添加分数为1.0%(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料的Tg提高了33℃,在氮气中Td5提高了15℃,在空气中Td5提高了8℃;当ACNT添加分数为5.0%时,复合材料30℃的λ提高了45%,150℃的λ提高了30%。     

聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备与性能研究

以吡咯为单体、三氯化铁为氧化剂,采用反相微乳液聚合法,分别在十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中和含有多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中,通过化学氧化法制得了聚吡咯纳米颗粒和聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管(PPy/MWCNTs)导电复合材料。利用SEM、TEM、FT-IR、XRD和四探针电导率仪对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,当SDBS浓度为0.0120mol/L时所制备的聚吡咯纳米颗粒的电导率在1.00S/cm左右;在含有MWCNTs的SDBS溶液中,单体在SDBS的胶束内聚合,表面活性剂及其胶束吸附在MWCNTs的表面,表面活性剂的浓度和碳纳米管的用量对PPy/MWCNTs复合材料电导率的提高起到重要作用。当SDBS浓度为0.0120mol/L、MWCNTs和单体的质量比为0.20时,可获得电导率为5.68S/cm的PPy/MWCNTs纳米复合材料。     

聚偏氟乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过溶剂蒸发成膜法,研究了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)结晶行为、热行为及力学性能的影响。研究表明,随MWNTs的加入PVDF中α相逐渐减少,而β相晶体含量逐渐增加。且随着MWNTs含量增加,PVDF晶体体积减小,颗粒增多,完善度下降。表明MWNTs作为成核点有利于PVDF结晶,晶体颗粒明显增多,但另一方面,晶体相互制约,晶体尺寸减小。     

聚(3-辛基)噻吩/碳纳米管复合材料全光开关特性的研究

使用多次超声离心分散法将单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)溶入聚(3-辛基)噻吩(P3OTH)溶液中制得P3OTH/SWNTs复合液(溶剂为四氢呋喃)。研究了该复合液在不同功率及调制频率控制光(532nm)作用下的全光开关特性。实验发现,在7mW、258Hz的控制光调制下,该复合液较P3OTH单体溶液的全光开关调制深度提高了2倍;控制光功率为7mW时,复合液样品在25Hz的控制频率下调制深度可达84%。在此基础上增加控制频率到432.5Hz,该样品的开关响应时间达到1ms,并且可维持40%以上的调制深度;在140Hz时,将控制光功率降低,该复合液样品的调制深度增大,当控制光功率降低到3.6mW时,达到最大值62%。结果表明样品具有良好的全光开关特性,具有潜在的研究及应用价值。     

γ-Fe2O3/聚噻吩纳米复合材料的制备及其导电性能研究

采用单体聚合法以FeCl3为引发剂进行噻吩的聚合反应,得到了导电性好的γ-Fe2O3/聚噻吩纳米复合材料.红外、透射电镜、穆斯堡尔谱等研究表明γ-Fe2O3与聚噻吩之间有着一定的相互作用.复合材料的导电性明显高于纯的聚噻吩样品,随着γ-Fe2O3含量的增加,复合材料的导电性呈增大趋势.     

聚噻吩/SnO2复合材料的光化学制备及光催化性能

在紫外灯辐照下,以噻吩和光化学制备的SnO2为主要原料,通过光照诱导噻吩单体在SnO2表面原位聚合,制得了含有共轭聚合物结构的聚噻吩/SnO2(PTH/SnO2)复合材料,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、EDS能谱、红外光谱等手段对复合材料进行了表征。以甲基橙为主要目标污染物,考察了PTH/SnO2复合材料在紫外光和太阳光下光催化降解污染物的性能。结果表明,与纯SnO2相比,PTH/SnO2复合材料有较好的光催化性能。     

聚癸二酸甘油酯/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的制备与性能

通过一步法得到了力学性能优异的碳纳米管(CNT)改性的聚癸二酸甘油酯纳米复合材料。将CNT分散在甘油中后与癸二酸进行缩聚反应,通过改变碳纳米管的添加量、癸二酸与甘油之间的配比以及固化时间得到了一系列的聚酯纳米复合材料。结果表明:CNT能明显的提高弹性体的强度和硬度,该纳米复合材料具有优异的力学性能,同时研究了CNT对玻璃化转变温度和凝胶含量等影响,并通过扫描电镜观察材料断面形貌,可以发现一定量的碳纳米管可以较均匀地分散在聚合物中。     

聚噻吩及其衍生物、聚噻吩基复合材料的导电性能研究进展

综述了聚噻吩及其衍生物的化学结构、制备、聚合机理、导电机理、导电性能和聚噻吩基复合材料的导电性能的研究进展.已有研究表明,纯的聚噻吩及其衍生物的电导率比较低,一般可通过掺杂来提高其电导率.同时由于聚噻吩及其衍生物具有高的Seebeck系数以及低的热导率,因此若将其与无机热电纳米材料复合,将有望制备出热电性能优良的有机/无机的纳米复合材料.     

聚噻吩/纳米MnO2复合材料的制备表征及电化学性能

纳米二氧化锰（MnO₂）作为超级电容材料已被广泛研究。为了改善其充放电性能,采用原位化学氧化聚合法制备聚噻吩/纳米MnO₂ （PTh/MnO₂）复合材料,对纳米MnO₂进行性能改性。通过改变聚噻吩在PTh/MnO₂复合材料中的掺杂量,制备出一系列的复合材料。采用傅里叶转换红外光谱（FIIR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对PTh/MnO₂复合材料的化学性能、晶体结构以及表面形貌等进行了详细考察。接着采用CT001A型电池测试系统对以PTh/MnO₂复合材料做负极所制得的密封扣式电池进行了充放电性能测试。结果表明,MnO₂和聚噻吩在不同的PTh/MnO₂复合材料中形貌各异。当聚噻吩含量为8wt%~10wt%时,MnO₂在PTh/MnO₂复合材料中分布最为均匀;当聚噻吩含量较高时,MnO₂的形貌受到严重影响,其原来的管状结构接近消失。聚噻吩含量的不同,同样也影响了电池的充放电性能。当聚噻吩的含量为20wt%时,在循环20次后,电池的平衡容量为最高,可达700 mAh/g。这明显高于以纳米MnO₂为负极时的电池容量。由此可见,聚噻吩对纳米MnO₂的充放电性能具有明显的增强作用。该研究为PTh/MnO₂复合材料作为电池负极材料的使用提供了实验基础。     

聚噻吩及其衍生物基复合材料研究进展

聚噻吩因其良好的溶解性、高电导率和环境稳定性成为导电高分子研究的热门领域之一。综述了聚噻吩及其衍生物基复合材料的研究进展及其制备方法(原位聚合法、电化学法、插层法、界面聚合法、乳液法和共混法等),介绍了聚噻吩类复合材料在电容器、电致变色和电磁方面的应用前景及现状,指出了聚噻吩及其衍生物基复合材料研究中普遍存在的易脱掺杂、电导率不高和性能不稳定等问题。     

碳纳米管阵列/热解炭复合材料的制备和表征（英文）

以甲烷为碳源,通过化学气相沉积和化学蒸汽渗透两步法将热解炭填充至碳纳米管阵列间的空隙而制备出碳纳米管阵列/热解炭复合材料。采用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱仪对样品的结构进行表征。结果表明,碳纳米管被热解炭填充和覆盖形成均相的复合膜,其密度增加4倍,同时热解炭已石墨化。     

Synthesis and electrocatalytic activity of platinum nanoparticle/carbon nanotube composites

Pt/CNT nanocomposite materials with an average platinum particle size of 3–5 nm and platinum content of 13–28 wt % have been prepared by reducing chloroplatinic acid, H₂PtCl₆, in the presence of conical carbon nanotubes. The effect of synthesis conditions on the average platinum particle size, total platinum content, and surface composition of the nanocomposites has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. The materials have been tested as catalysts for hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction. Their performance has been assessed by cyclic and steady-state voltammetric techniques. The structure and composition effects on the electrocatalytic properties of the nanocomposites are discussed.     

Polyazomethine/carbon nanotube composites

Composites were synthesized by “in-situ” polymerization of polyazomethine, a liquid crystal polymer (LCP), in presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) previously dispersed in one of the employed monomers. Fiber processing was carried out by extrusion from the composites containing 1 and 10 wt.% of MWNTs at the mesophase temperature. We have observed that the typical highly oriented internal fibrillar structure can be significantly disrupted by increasing the nanotube content in the composite fibers. Evidences of MWNT alignment were found in the studied LCP/MWNT composites.     

Synthesis of noble metal/carbon nanotube composites in supercritical methanol

A simple and efficient route has been employed to deposit noble metal nanoparticles (Pt, Ru, Pt-Ru, Rh, Ru-Sn) onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in supercritical methanol solution. In this method, the inorganic metallic salts acted as metal precursors, and methanol as solvent as well as reductant for the precursors. The as-prepared nanocomposites were structurally and morphologically characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. It was demonstrated that the CNTs were decorated by crystalline metal nanoparticles with uniform sizes and a narrow particle size distribution. The size and loading content of the nanoparticles on CNTs could be tuned by manipulating reaction parameters. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of the composites was also discussed.     

碳纳米管水泥基复合材料电学性能数值模拟

采用ANSYS12.0和蒙特卡洛随机方法构建了碳纳米管水泥基复合材料的有限元模型,并基于有限元法分析了碳纳米管长径比、直径和掺量对复合材料有效电阻率的影响,并在此基础上通过有效介质方程对有效电阻率数值解和电阻率实验值进行了拟合。数值计算结果表明,碳纳米管水泥基复合材料有效电阻率的有限元解与解析解较为一致,证明采用有限元法进行电学分析具有可行性;碳纳米管水泥基复合材料有效电阻率随碳纳米管掺量和碳纳米管长径比增加而减小,随着碳纳米管直径的减小而减小;有效介质方程对碳纳米管水泥基复合材料有效电阻率实验值和有限元数值解拟合曲线变化趋势是一致的。     

碳纳米管加入方式对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间性能的影响

针对碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料,对比了直接在树脂中加入碳纳米管(CNTs)后制备预浸料以及将CNTs喷涂在预浸料表面2种CNTs加入方式对CNTs-碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板I型与II型层间断裂韧性及层间剪切强度的影响。通过对树脂黏度、固化反应以及玻璃化转变温度的考察,分析了CNTs含量对树脂性能的影响,考察了添加方法对CNTs长度与形态的影响。分析了2种CNTs加入方式对CNTs-碳纤维/环氧树脂层合板断裂韧性及层间剪切强度的改善效果与作用规律。结果表明:CNTs的加入使树脂的黏度提高,固化反应程度下降;2种分散方法对CNTs的长度与形态无明显影响;直接在树脂中加入CNTs对CNTs-碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料I型与II型层间断裂韧性的提高效果低于在碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料表面喷涂CNTs的方式,后者的CNTs利用率较高;由于CNTs团聚及对树脂固化反应的影响,CNTs含量过高会使得其对CNTs-碳纤维/环氧树脂层合板的增韧效果下降。     

Ethylene glycol oxidation on Pt and Pt-Ru nanoparticle decorated polythiophene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites for fuel cell applications

A novel supporting material containing polythiophene (PTh) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (PTh-CNTs) is prepared by in?situ polymerization of thiophene on carbon nanotubes using FeCl(3) as oxidizing agent under sonication. The prepared polythiophene/CNT composites are further decorated with Pt and Pt-Ru nanoparticles by chemical reduction of the corresponding metal salts using HCHO as reducing agent at pH = 11 (Pt/PTh-CNT and Pt-Ru/PTh-CNT). The fabricated composite films decorated with nanoparticles were investigated towards the electrochemical oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG). The presence of carbon nanotubes in conjugation with a conducting polymer produces a good catalytic effect, which might be due to the higher electrochemically accessible surface areas, electronic conductivity and easier charge-transfer at polymer/electrolyte interfaces, which allows higher dispersion of Pt and Pt-Ru nanoparticles. Such nanoparticle modified PTh-CNT electrodes exhibit better catalytic behavior towards ethylene glycol oxidation. Results show that Pt/PTh-CNT and Pt-Ru/PTh-CNT modified electrodes show enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability towards the electro-oxidation of ethylene glycol than the Pt/PTh electrodes, which shows that the composite film is more promising for applications in fuel cells.     

Synthesis and characterization of externally doped sulfonated polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites

Composites of carbon nanotubes with attached carboxylic groups (c-MWCNTs) and water-soluble externally doped sulfonated polyaniline (ED-SPANI) were prepared by solution mixing of c-MWCNT and ED-SPANI aqueous colloids. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, field-emission scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize their structure and morphology. Raman and UV–Vis spectra revealed the presence of electrostatic interaction between the C–N⁺ species of the ED-SPANI and the COO⁻ species of the c-MWCNTs. The addition of c-MWCNT to ED-SPANI can improve its thermal stability. The conductivity of 3 wt.% ED-SPANI/c-MWCNT composites at room temperature is sixteen times higher than that of ED-SPANI. These results demonstrate that the addition of a small number of c-MWCNTs to an ED-SPANI matrix can form a conducting network in well dispersed composites, thus increasing their electrical conductivity.     

Failure of carbon nanotube/polymer composites and the effect of nanotube waviness

This paper studies the failure of CNT/polymer composites by combining micromechanics model and finite element simulation. A computational model of composite of adequate size is employed so the interactions between nanotubes embedded in the matrix can be taken into account. The effects of nanotube waviness and random nanotube distribution relative to aligned straight nanotubes are investigated. The computational results indicate that the nanotube waviness tend to reduce the elastic modulus but increase the ultimate strain of a composite. The randomness of nanotube distribution tends to reduce both the composite elastic modulus and tensile strength. The damage initiation and evolution in composites with random wavy nanotubes have also been analyzed.