精馏尾气变压吸附技术改造

对变压吸附装置进行了技术改造,将精馏尾气全部回收利用,提升了装置运行能力,减少了尾气放空量,节约了成本。     

PSA装置除油塔泄压流程优化研究

通过增加1条管线和1台单项阀门等对变压吸附(PSA)装置除油塔泄压流程进行优化改造，将泄压流程由放空系统改造为燃料气系统，达到回收氢气和稳定火炬放空负荷的目的。保证了装置稳定运行，减少了氢气放空损失，降低了生产成本。     

变压吸附装置放空气的回收利用

我厂配套100kt／a醋酐项目的变压吸附制CO装置2010年6月一次性试车成功。该装置原设计一、二段吹扫气放空，既浪费又造成一定环境污染。为此，结合我厂的实际生产情况，对该放空气进行了回收利用。     

变压吸附装置氢气损失的原因及措施

对变压吸附装置氢气损失情况及原因进行了分析。通过采取优化操作条件、更换程控阀以及改造氢气管网的放空系统等措施，使氢气的损失率由6．3％降为1．6％，取得了显著的经济效益。     

两段法变压吸附脱碳装置应用总结

介绍了两段法变压吸附（PSA）脱碳装置生产应用情况。经过近5年的长期运行,证明两段法变压吸附脱碳装置具有操作稳定、生产成本低的特点,完全满足了尿素生产的需要。     

粗氢脱重项目改造研究

公司现有12000m3/h粗氢气产生,该粗氢气如作为废气放空或作为燃料,都会造成巨大的经济损失和能源浪费。现对原变压吸附(PSA)装置进行相应工艺改造,对粗氢进行提纯,以期最大限度地做好资源利用工作。     

利用变压吸附气体分离技术从合成氨弛放气中回收氢气

变压吸附（PSA）气体分离是一种高效、节能的回收提纯技术,其在石化、化工行业得到了越来越广泛的应用。早在60年代,美国联合碳化物公司就开始采用变压吸附分离技术从含氢工业废气中回收提纯氢气。到70年代中期,变压吸附分离提纯技术得到了迅猛发展。至今,世界各约有800余套变压吸附分离提纯装置在运行,规模从100－7000m^3/h（标态）。原化工部西南化工研究院是我国最早进行变压吸附分离纯技术研究开发的单位之一,其研制的变压吸附分离提纯装置在我国得到了广泛的应用。我所在90年代中期开始对变压吸附分离提纯技术进行研究开发,并成功地解决了变压吸附工业装置大型化的相关问题,在短短的几年内设计建造了数十套不同规模的变压吸附分离提纯制氢装置,气源种类也日益扩大,其中包括合成氨弛放气和变换气、甲醇尾气、催化干气、加氢尾气、焦炉煤气、城市煤气等多种含氢气源。     

两段法变压吸附在甲醇制氢装置中的应用

甲醇裂解制氢工艺装置中,甲醇经裂解反应后的裂解气通过变压吸附提纯氢气,介绍了两段法变压吸附技术在其中的应用情况。以产氢2 000 Nm3/h的甲醇制氢工业装置为例,分别从装置配置、技术指标、占地、公用工程消耗以及投资成本等方面与采用传统一段法变压吸附工艺对比。结果表明:甲醇制氢装置中,采用两段法变压吸附工艺,其甲醇单耗、单位氢气成本、年运行成本均低于传统一段变压吸附工艺。     

变压吸附脱碳装置的改造及运行

1改造背景 公司2003年投运了1套20000m^3／h（标态）设计处理能力的变压吸附脱碳装置，吸附压力为～0．8MPa，工艺运行方式为8—3—3/Vc装置运行初期，在满负荷状况下，吸附时间约为350s，总回收率约69％。运行1年多以后，吸附时间降为340s左右，总回收率约67％，其原因是均压次数偏少、逆放压力高、放空次数多和没有采取适当的顺放回收工艺，有效气体回收率偏低。     

弛放气变压吸附提氢的应用

石家庄柏坡正元化肥有限公司的氨合成弛放气原设计送至一网络燃烧,但通过近几年的节能技改扩建,合成氨能力达到180kt／a,合成弛放气量增多,一网络不能全部烧完,要不间断放空,造成资源浪费且污染环境。经过考察和分析,决定新增1套处理弛放气2500m3／h（标态）的变压吸附提氢装置。     

设备紧固件的紧固与卸载

激冷罐设备是压力容器高端产品的代表。对该设备试压时紧固件的紧固与卸载提出了切实可行的操作工艺、质量控制措施及施工方案。试验表明,按所提出的施工方案,可有效地避免设备紧固件在紧固时出现密封垫、螺栓、螺母损坏的危险,从而大大提高密封性能。     

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION EQUIPMENT PART II OPTIMIZATION OF TWO BED OXYGEN GENERATORS

Local equilibrium model described in Part I is used to stimulate both, the steady state operation conditions and transient regime after the start of PSA equipment. The effect of axial dispersion, adsorption isotherm nonlinearity and high pressure level is simulated. On the basis of numerical analysis, the operation of a classical two-bed oxygen generator is compared with two configurations having pressure equalizing step. The optimization strategy of the given PSA equipment has been proposed and the procedure is demonstrated on an example. The scaling-up condition for PSA equipments which can be described by local equilibrium model has been proposed on the basis of the theoretical analysis.     

PSA装置的设备和管道布置探讨

随着变压吸附法(PSA法)的应用逐渐大型化,如何做好设备和管道布置值得探讨.本文阐述了PSA的工艺,介绍了PSA的设备和管道布置方案,并对厂房和设备安全方面的影响进行了分析.     

化工液体物料的铁路卸车系统设计

介绍油品和化工液体物料的铁路罐车的卸槽工艺、卸槽站规模和工艺设备的设计选择;比较常用的罐车底料扫仓方法,推荐合理的罐车底料扫仓装置和卸槽站布置要点。     

Handling,shipping, and storage of oilseeds

Conclusion The rapid crop movement has been discussed, also the problem of deterioration in storage, and some of the procedures and equipment which the crusher may use to solve his problems. In a few weeks the oil seeds will start their flow to the mills. No one season is entirely typical of another, and the crusher will soon be faced with new problems relative to unloading, storage allocation, and segregation day by day and hour by hour. Each problem is demanding of solution and cannot be deferred or referred. The success of the mill’s year-round operation may depend in large measure upon the initiative, hard work, imagination, and judgment with which an unloading season is handled. The crushing industry is looking forward to this season and to every season with an unique interest that is hard to describe. The interest is so much a part of processors that oil mill men could never, and would never want to lose it.     

Scanning probe microscopy study of dynamic adhesion behavior of polymer adhesive blends

Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) has been utilized to study the adhesive behavior of a blend of poly(ethylene propylene) (PEP) and the n-butyl ester of abietic acid. This blend is a model for a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). Force-distance measurements with simultaneous X-modulation gave information on both lateral and normal force during loading and unloading. This was a key advantage of the approach. The mechanism of adhesive failure has been elucidated by comparing the dependence of pull-off force (F_pull-off) and oscillating lateral force (F_lateral) on velocity of loading/unloading and by studying the change with velocity in the loss of effective contact area during debonding. Change in contact area with time was inferred from change in the rms lateral force. The velocity dependence of F_lateral indicates that its magnitude is strongly influenced by both contact time and the presence of tackifier. In contrast, the velocity dependence of F_pull-off is controlled by both the loading and unloading processes. While the adhesive behavior of the polymer (PEP) was mainly controlled by chain stretching during the unloading process, the adhesive performance of the tackifier enriched surface (PEP/60) was determined by the loading process at 10-50 nm/s loading velocity and by the unloading process at 100-1000 nm/s velocity.     

选煤厂浮选精煤助滤脱水实验研究

针对赵固二矿选煤厂浮选精煤水分偏高的问题,采用添加助滤剂的手段降低浮选精煤水分,分别进行助滤剂的选型实验和定量实验。选型实验结果表明,液体助滤剂比固体助滤剂更能显著降低浮选精煤水分和缩短抽滤时间,因此选用液体助滤剂进行定量实验。定量实验结果表明,TLT5140助滤剂的整体效果最佳,并且在药剂用量为80 g/t时,浮选精煤水分可降至16.5%左右。最终选用TLT5140助滤剂进行工业实验,与不加药剂相比,浮选精煤产品水分降低3%,加压过滤机排料周期缩短50%。助滤剂的使用降低了浮选精煤水分,提高了过滤设备的生产能力,满足了客户对最终精煤水分的要求。     

聚砜酰胺/纳米二氧化钛复合材料的制备与表征

将聚砜酰胺(PSA)与纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO)2共混制成PSA/nano-TiO2复合纺丝溶液,分别采用湿法纺丝工艺以及数显匀胶技术制成复合纤维和复合薄膜。运用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、广角X-射线衍射、紫外光谱等方法表征和分析复合材料的大分子结构、力学性能、热稳定性和抗紫外线性能。结果表明:少量的nano-TiO2能够均匀分散在PSA基体中,其添加没有明显改变PSA的分子结构和化学组成;由于纳米颗粒的异相成核作用使复合纤维的结晶度有所提高,且nano-TiO2的添加明显提高了复合纤维的力学性能和热稳定性能;随着纳米颗粒含量的增加,PSA/nano-TiO2复合材料的抗紫外线性能也得到显著增强。     

脱硫橡胶的螺旋输送设计与热平衡计算

一种废旧橡胶动态脱硫新工艺的设备由动态脱硫罐、螺旋输送装置和搅拌冷却换热装置组成,通过脱硫罐先后卸料、螺旋连续输送、搅拌罐冷却的动态脱硫,可有效降低目前脱硫工艺中对环境造成的污染。针对该设备,提出一种螺旋输送及换热能力理论计算方法。通过分析物料受力及摩擦力对物料输送的影响,对螺旋输送的各个参数进行设计及校核,同时对橡胶物料的降温过程进行了热量平衡计算分析。     

Production of pure ethanol from azeotropic solution by pressure swing adsorption

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is attractive for final separation in the process of water removal especially for fuel ethanol production. Despite many researches on simulation and experimental works on adsorption of water on 3A zeolite in a fixed bed, none have studied a process with the actual PSA system. The purpose of this research was to study the PSA process with two adsorbers and effects of several parameters. The research also included analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic data of ethanol-water adsorption on commercial 3A zeolites in a single fixed bed. A two-level factorial design experiment was used in this research work to preliminarily screen the influence and interaction among the factors. Effects of important parameters such as initial temperature, feed concentration and feed rate were investigated. It was proven that the Langmuir isotherm could best predict the experimental results. In the PSA pilot test, the principal factors, which had effects on the performance, were feed rate, feed concentration, adsorption pressure and the cycle time. Prediction of the process efficiency in terms of ethanol recovery and enrichment was proposed in the form of regression models. The results of the study in a fixed bed adsorber could help designing a pilot-scale PSA unit. The experiments proved to be successful in terms of producing high concentration ethanol with high percentage of ethanol recovery. With further simulation work the process could be scaled up for an industrial use.