快速凝固Ni—50Al—5Si—2Fe—0.25Ce合金的催化特性研究

制备了快速凝固Ｎｉ－５０Ａｌ－５Ｓｉ－２Ｆｅ－０．２５Ｃｅ合金,用碱洗抽Ａｌ的方法另以活化,对活化后催化剂的结构特征及其十八腈加氢催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,快凝Ｎｉ－５０Ａｌ－５Ｓｉ－２Ｆｅ－０．２５Ｃｅ前置体合金中含有较多的Ｎｉ２Ａｌ３及ＮｉＡｌ３相;活化后所得到的新型催化剂与常规ＲａｎｅｙＮｉ相比,其孔径尺寸减小,ｆ．ｃ．ｃ．Ｎｉ晶粒细化,点阵参数扩大,在制备伯胺和仲胺两种选择性反应中均显     

NiAl金属间化合物的快速凝固组织

用单辊快速凝固法制备了Ｎｉ原子分数为０．５３－０．６０的Ｎｉ－Ａｌ金属间化合物薄带，研究了成分与微观组织的关系，发现试样均为Ｂ２型单相ＮｉＡｌ，Ｎｉ０．５３Ａｌ０．４７的快速凝固组织为１０μｍ左右的等轴晶，Ｎｉ０．５６Ａｌ０．４４－Ｎｉ０．６Ａｌ０．４的组织分别为５μｍ左右的不规则和规则柱状晶，发现近理想配比的ＮｉＡｌ在快速凝固时形成针状晶亚结构。     

富Ni的NiAl退火组织和室温力学性能

快速凝固Ｎｉ－３４．６ａ．％Ａｌ薄带经１５２３Ｋ退火２ｈ并以较快速度冷却扣形成以ＮｉＡｌ马氏体为基体，γ－Ｎｉ３Ａｌ沿晶界网状分布和少量残β－ＮｉＡｌ的组织，退火，室温弯曲延性良好。     

TiB2颗粒增强NiAlFe基复合材料显微组织研究

研究了ＸＤ工艺原位生成ＮｉＡｌＦｅ－ＴｉＢ２复合材料的显微组织和界面结构,分析了Ｆｅ对材料压缩性能的影响及微观机制,加入２５％Ｆｅ元素后,形成的Ｆｅ（Ｎｉ,Ａｌ,Ｔｉ）新相以枝晶间的形式连接于基体之间以及基体与增强颗粒之间,提高了材料的塑性。运用高分辨电力显微术分析研究了压缩变形后增强颗粒与基体的界面。     

低密阻尼金属/金属复合体材料的组织与性能研究

采用快速凝固／粉末冶金法成功地研制出Ａｌ－７．０９％Ｆｅ－１．３４％Ｍｏ－１．４５％Ｓｉ（ＦＭＳ０７１４）合金及其金属／金属复合体材料ＦＭＳ０７１４／１５％Ａｌ和ＦＭＳ０７１４／１０％（Ｚｎ－３０％Ａｌ）,考察了其组织、拉伸性能、阻尼性能和密度,产散锻铝ＬＤ７ＣＳ合金进行了对比。结果表明：ＦＭＳ０７１４合金本身就具有较好的拉伸与阻尼性能。添加纯Ａｌ和Ｚｎ－３０％Ａｌ合金粉均使其强度下降,而 ＦＭＷ     

微量Y对铸造Ni50Al20Fe30合金组织与性能的影响

研究了不同Ｙ含量对铸造Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０合金与性能的影响。结果表明,微量Ｙ的加入可以改善Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０合金的强强度与塑性。Ｙ含量为０．０５ｗｔ％－０．１ｗｔ％是合金最佳含量范围。微量Ｙ的加入影响合金的共晶区,可明显改变合金的微观组织形态。     

非晶态Fe-Ni合金电沉积研究

介绍了一种新的电沉积非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ合金的方法。用这种方法在室温下电沉积出的Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ合金镀层外观接近镜面。经Ｘ－射线衍射及等离子光谱分析（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）证实，所获得的Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ合金镀层为非晶态结构，镀层中Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ含量分别为７３％～７７％和２０％～２４％，同时含有１．５％～５．０％的Ｐ和少量的Ｃｒ和Ｂ。对电沉积的工艺条件、光亮剂ＨＡＢ１、ＨＡＢ２和添加剂ＨＡＴ的影响进行了探讨。     

NiAl（Fe）合金组织和拉伸性能的研究

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）、Ｘ射线（ＸＲＤ）和选区电子衍射分析（ＳＡＥＤ）研究了ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）合金的显微组织及拉伸性能。结果表明，铸态ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）合金经均匀化退火后的组织由β及β＋γ＇相组成。韧性相γ＇相能阻止裂纹扩展，有利于改善合金的室温塑性。比较发现，Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０合金具有最佳的室温塑性，其拉伸断口由β相的解理断口和β＋γ＇相的     

Al—5Fe—2Ni合金析出相的Mossbauer谱

用Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱学和ＸＲＤ方法研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－５Ｆｅ－２Ｎｉ（原子百分数）合金的析出相，结果表明，析出相为三元化合物Ａｌ９ＦｅｘＮｉ２－ｘ（０〈ｘ〈２）属于单斜晶系，晶格参数ａ＝０．８５８ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．６３１ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．６２１ｎｍ，β＝９４．８，它的Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱为一套双线，同质异能移位ＩＳ＝０．１２ｍｍ．ｓ＾－１，四极分别ＱＳ＝０．３２ｍｍ．ｓ＾－１，线宽Г＝０．２６ｍｍ．ｓ＾     

STUDY FOR MECHANICAL ALLOYING OF Fe─M BY MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY

将Ｆｅ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｃ５ＳｉＯ２Ａｌ２Ｏ３）混合物在Ａｒ中高能球磨５６ｇ后测量Ｍｏｓｂａｕｅｒ谱，结果表明，（Ｆｅ）２－（ＳｉＯ２）１仍为Ｆｅ和ＳｉＯ２的机械混合物：（Ｆｅ）６－（Ｃ）３已完全合金化，生成两种Ｆｅ３Ｃ；（Ｆｅ）２－（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）１则成为Ｆｅ（７３％），尖晶石型的ＦｅＡｌ２Ｏ４）２２％），ｑｑｎｔＦｅ的团聚族（５％）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物。     

Comparison of Fe-Ni based alloys prepared by ball milling and rapid solidification

Mechanical alloying (MA) and rapid solidification (RS) are two important routes to obtain amorphous alloys. An Fe-Ni based metal-metalloid alloy (Fe₅₀Ni₃₀P₁₄Si₆) prepared by these two different processing routes was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis, inductive coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS). The results were compared with that obtained from other Fe-Ni based alloys of similar compositions. The structural analyses show that the materials obtained by mechanical alloying are not completely disordered after 40 h of milling whereas fully amorphous alloys were obtained by rapid solidification. TMS analyses show that, independent of the composition, after milling for 40 h, about 7% of the Fe remains unreacted. Furthermore, the thermal stability of mechanically alloyed samples is lower than that of the analogous material prepared by rapid solidification. In the MA alloys, a broad exothermic process associated to structural relaxation begins at low temperature. XRD patterns of crystallized alloys indicate that the crystallization products are bcc(Fe,Ni), fcc(Ni,Fe), and (Fe,Ni)-phosphides and -silicides.     

Development and application of ferromagnetic alloys made by rapid solidification

Abstract

Amorphous alloys, made by rapid solidification, were first introduced in 1960 and precipitated a major new field of research in metallurgy. A part of this new field, dating from around 1975, involves magnetic alloys made by rapid solidification. These new magnetic alloys are critically assessed against the background of existing Si–Fe alloys and the new developments in high induction Si–Fe. It is concluded that these new alloys, of potentially very low cost, may be important in the highly automated manufacture of small transformers and small electricals machines.

MST/726     

Structure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Al-(Fe,Cr) and Al-Mg-(Fe,Cr) alloys

For Al-(Fe,Cr) and Al-Mg-(Fe,Cr), by employing a combination of X-ray diffraction, metallography and transmission electron microscopy, detailed understanding of microstructural transformations that occur during rapid solidification and consolidation has been achieved. A major decrease in the solid solubility extension of Fe in an Al-Mg system with an increase of Mg concentration has been found. The decrease in solubility of Fe results in the reduction of strength and hardness of the Al-Mg-Fe alloys in comparison with Al-Mg-Cr alloys.     

机械合金化Fe—B非晶合金及纳米合金的形成

在适当条件下机械合金化可以形成急冷法难以得到的单一Ｆｅ６０Ｂ４０非晶合金，而在其他成分内形成亚稳纳米合金，在众多的球磨条件中，球磨机的转速是控制合金化的重要因素。空气中的氧对小颗粒界面产生了强烈的污染作用，从而抑的原子的相互扩散，难以形成单一的非晶产物，不同球磨条件下的产物含有的非晶相的晶化温度比单一非上合金的晶化温度稍高，并且与球磨条件以及成分的关系不大。     

Interfacial structure of steel–aluminum bonding plate under non–equilibrium rapid solidification

A steel–aluminum solid–liquid bonding plate is prepared using a non–equilibrium rapid solidification method (including four kinds of processes such as roughening the steel plate surface, immersing influx at the steel plate surface, short–time bonding and rapid solidification). The interfacial structure of the bonding plate is investigated by means of electron probe microanalysis and X–ray diffraction. The results show that the interfacial structure of the bondingplate under non–equilibrium rapid solidiication is quite different from that of the bonding plate in conventional steel–aluminum solid–liquid bonding, i.e. the interface of the bonding plate under non-equilibrium rapid solidification ismade up of an aluminum-rich region (in the form of a group of Fe₄Al₁₃ teeth that grow from the contact surface to the steel side) at the bulge of steel plate surface and an aluminum–poor region (in the form of Fe–Al solid solution of which the Al content is less than 3.5 wt%) at the concave surface of the steel plate alternately.     

Interfacial structure of steel–aluminum bonding plate under non-equilibrium rapid solidification

A steel–aluminum solid–liquid bonding plate is prepared using a non-equilibrium rapid solidification method (including four kinds of processes such as roughening the steel plate surface, immersing in flux at the steel plate surface, short-time bonding and rapid solidification). The interfacial structure of the bonding plate is investigated by means of electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the interfacial structure of the bonding plate under non-equilibrium rapid solidification is quite different from that of the bonding plate in conventional steel–aluminum solid–liquid bonding, i.e. the interface of the bonding plate under non-equilibrium rapid solidification is made up of an aluminum-rich region (in the form of a group of Fe₄Al₁₃ teeth that grow from the contact surface to the steel side) at the bulge of steel plate surface and an aluminum-poor region (in the form of Fe–Al solid solution of which the Al content is less than 3.5 wt%) at the concave surface of the steel plate alternately.     

Effect of rapid solidification on giant magnetostriction in ferromagnetic shape memory iron-based alloys

Ferromagnetic shape memory Fe–29.6 at.% Pd alloy ribbons prepared by the rapid solidification, melt-spinning method, showed a giant magnetostriction of 830 microstrain when an external magnetic field of 7 kOe was applied nearly normal to the ribbon surface at room temperature. This ribbon’s magnetostriction was several times as large as conventional polycrystalline bulk’s one before rapid solidification. The magnetostriction in the rolling direction depended strongly on a direction of applied magnetic field. We considered that this phenomenon is caused by a rearrangement of activated martensite twin variants just below the austenite phase transformation temperature. We investigated their basic material properties, i.e. the dependencies of magnetostriction on temperature as well as on magnetic angular orientation to the surface, magnetic properties, crystal structure, surface texture morphology and shape memory effect of Fe–29.6 at.% Pd ribbon samples by comparing with conventional bulk sample. It can be concluded that the remarkable anisotropy of giant magnetostriction of ribbon sample is caused by the unique uniaxial-oriented fine grain structure formed by the melt-spinning method. In addition, we confirmed the possibility of rapidly solidified Fe–Pt ribbon as a new kind of iron-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys for magnetostrictive material.     

激光快速熔凝Fe基、Ni基合金的细化形态

采用脉冲激光对纯 Fe、纯 Ni、20钢和 Ni 基合金进行了快速熔凝处理。结果表明,在纯 Fe和纯 Ni 熔凝区内,生成了一种外延生长的晶粒组织;在20钢和 Ni 基合金熔凝区内,生成了外延生长晶粒和极细的枝晶组织。在金属与合金的熔区中均形成了精细的的亚晶粒。激光快速熔凝大大地细化了校晶和亚晶,却没有得到明显细化的晶粒。     

Effect of rapid solidification on giant magnetostriction in ferromagnetic shape memory iron-based alloys

Ferromagnetic shape memory Fe–29.6 at.% Pd alloy ribbons prepared by the rapid solidification, melt-spinning method, showed a giant magnetostriction of 830 microstrain when an external magnetic field of 7 kOe was applied nearly normal to the ribbon surface at room temperature. This ribbon's magnetostriction was several times as large as conventional polycrystalline bulk's one before rapid solidification. The magnetostriction in the rolling direction depended strongly on a direction of applied magnetic field. We considered that this phenomenon is caused by a rearrangement of activated martensite twin variants just below the austenite phase transformation temperature. We investigated their basic material properties, i.e. the dependencies of magnetostriction on temperature as well as on magnetic angular orientation to the surface, magnetic properties, crystal structure, surface texture morphology and shape memory effect of Fe–29.6 at.% Pd ribbon samples by comparing with conventional bulk sample. It can be concluded that the remarkable anisotropy of giant magnetostriction of ribbon sample is caused by the unique uniaxial-oriented fine grain structure formed by the melt-spinning method. In addition, we confirmed the possibility of rapidly solidified Fe–Pt ribbon as a new kind of iron-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys for magnetostrictive material.     

New materials produced by mechanical alloying

The application of mechanical alloying (MA) to alloys based on Fe, Cu, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Mg, and Nb is reviewed. Enhancement in physical and mechanical behavior, beyond ingot metallurgy and rapid solidification levels, can be achieved by MA, and should lead to commercialization of a number of MA alloys.Conducted under the joint Moscow-Moscow program on Synthesis of Advanced Materials (SAM).