Kinetics interpretation of NiO electrical conductivity under low oxygen pressures

In a previous work it has been stated that the NiO electrical conductivity changes connected to the oxygen pressure changes may be considered as a transitory phenomenon. A mixed kinetics case controlled by the formation of surface cation vacancies and their diffusion in the bulk is proposed to explain the reaction process. By means of an equivalent electrical circuit in good agreement with the kinetics model it was possible to reproduce the experimental phenomenon.     

含MO（MO=FeO,NiO）的低碱度CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2熔渣电导率（英文）

作为有色冶金渣中有价金属回收基础,利用电化学交流阻抗谱法,测定低碱度MO(MO=FeO,NiO)-CaOMgO-Al2O3-SiO2五元熔渣体系的电导率。结果表明:随着熔渣体系温度的升高和MO浓度的增大,熔渣电导率增大。在1573～1773K下,(CaO+MgO)与(SiO2+Al2O3)质量比为0.47,当MO浓度小于12%时,熔渣电导率为1.4～14.4S/m。随着熔渣中MO浓度的增大,熔渣电导率增大的幅度增加。当熔渣中FeO和NiO浓度小于8%时,两种熔渣的电导率相差不大;当浓度达到12%时,含FeO的熔渣电导率明显大于含NiO的熔渣电导率。随着MO浓度的增加,电导活化能降低。     

铝合金的力学性能及其电导率

评述了影响铝合金力学性能和电导率的主要因素，说明铝合金的力学性能与其电导率有一定的关联。介绍了电导率在铝合金热处理工艺制定和力学性能检测中的应用，指出借助于电导率的测定，可以初步推测铝合金的某些力学性能和初步优化铝合金的某些热处理工参数，达到测试快速、无损和简便的目的。     

7055铝合金的时效硬化特性与电导率

研究了不同时效制度下7055铝合金硬度及电导率的变化规律,分析了化学成分对7055铝合金时效峰推迟的影响。     

Measurement of electrical conductivity of micron-scale metallic wires

Electrical conductivltles of micron-scale aluminum wires were quantitatively measured by a four-point atomic force microscope （AFM） probe. This technique is a combination of the principles of the four-point probe method and standard AFM. This technique was applied to the 99.999% aluminum wires with 350 nm thickness and different widths of 5.0, 25.0 and 50.0 μm. Since the small dimensions of the wires, the geometrical effects were discussed in details. Experiment results show that the four-point AFM probe is mechanically flexible and robust. The four-point AFM probe technique is capable of measuring surface topography together with local electrical conductivity simultaneously. The repeatable measurements indicate that this technique could be used for fast in-situ electrical properties characterization of sensors and microelectromechanical system devices.     

高温熔盐电导率测试方法

熔盐电解质的导电性对熔盐电解的能耗有极大的影响,直接关系到熔盐电解生产的能耗和成本。介绍了四电极法、连续改变电导池、交流电桥法和交流阻抗法测量高温熔盐电导率的基本原理、优点和存在的问题,为高温熔盐电导率测量方法的选择提供了参考。     

多重时效析出第二相对Al-Mg-Si合金电导率的影响

电导率的变化能够灵敏地反应Al-Mg-Si合金的时效析出过程,然而溶质原子及时效析出第二相对电导率的单独影响尚不清楚。Al-Mg-Si合金中含有3种成分和形貌不同的第二相。通过实验及模型化系统地研究Al-Mg-Si合金中多重析出第二相对其电导率的影响。结果表明:由于棒状β″相或针状β′相能够分别在473和523 K时有效地阻碍传导电子的移动,因此Al-Mg-Si合金的电导率主要依赖于棒状β″相(T=473 K)或针状β′相(T=523 K)的影响。模型预测结果与实验结果吻合良好,验证了模型的有效性。     

Influence of t-ZrO2 addition on mechanical property and electrical conductivity of YSZ electrolyte

8YSZ material that has high electrical conductivity is widely used as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). But its low strength and low fracture toughness hampered the development of SOFCs. In order to find a best method to improve the capability of YSZ electrolyte, the effects of 3Y-TZP additive on the density, strength, conductivity and microstructure were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and Vicker's hardness apparatus. The strength and conductivity of YSZ electrolyte doped with different amounts of 3Y-TZP were determined. It is shown that the samples sintered at 1450 ℃ for 2 h are the best in properties. When 3Y-TZP powders are added to the YSZ system, the results demonstrate that strength of the electrolyte increases remarkably, and the fracture toughness is improved. The electrical conductivity is lowered only slightly. The results display that the flexural strength and the fracture toughness of ceramics with 30wt.% TZP reach 300 MPa and 3.7 MPa·m1/2 , respectively, and the conductivity at 1000 ℃ reaches 0.11 S·cm-1 .     

Chemical diffusion and electrical conductivity of Ni3+-xS2

The sulfur activity-composition relation of -Ni_3±xS₂ was determined between 600 and 750°C by thermogravimetry using H₂S/H₂ gas mixtures. The existence of ₁- and ₂-Ni_3±xS₂ was confirmed. The chemical diffusion coefficient of -Ni_3±xS₂ was measured as a function of composition at 650°, 700°, and 750°C using thermogravimetry for the reequilibration reaction. The chemical diffusion coefficients varied with composition and showed a maximum at stoichiometric composition, Ni₃S₂. The activation energy for chemical diffusion was determined as E_a=31.3 Kcal·mole^–1 for stoichiometric Ni₃S₂. Electrical conductivity of -Ni_3+-xS₂ was determined as a function of composition at 650°C. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing the mole fraction of sulfur. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of Ni₃S₂ was measured between 50 and 750°C and found to exhibit metallic behavior.     

KCl对AlCl3-BMIC离子液体电导率的影响

在AlCl3摩尔分数为0.667的路易斯酸性AlCl3-BMIC离子液体中,研究了KCl对体系电导率的影响。结果表明:AlCl3-BMIC离子液体的电导率随着KCl摩尔浓度的增加逐渐减小;随着温度的升高而逐渐增大。AlCl3-BMIC离子液体的电导率与KCl浓度及温度的关系符合如下方程:k=3.64×102e-16R7T19-(-4.20+1.76×10-2T)CKCl     

热加工工艺对 ZLSi7MgA合金导电性的影响

研究了热处理、压力加工及定向凝固等热加工工艺对ZLSi7MgA合金导电性能的影响。研究表明 :压力加工使硅相沿变形方向的相对分布发生变化 ;定向凝固工艺可以获得两相平行生长的理想柱状晶组织 ,其一次轴方向与电场方向一致 ;提高时效温度能够促使G·P区从中间相到平衡沉淀相的过渡 ,消除了沉淀相周围基体中的畸变。上述工艺均有利于提高合金的导电性能。通过调整时效温度适当提高ZLSi7MgA合金的电导率 ,是兼顾合金的强度和导电性 ,满足工程要求的行之有效的工艺方法。     

变形量和热处理对6060铝合金力学性能和导电率的影响

对530℃固溶处理后的6060铝合金进行了不同变形量下的室温轧制,研究了随后的时效处理温度和轧制变形量对合金微观组织结构、力学性能及导电率的影响。结果表明,合金的强度随轧制变形量的增大而升高,而伸长率有所下降;经70%变形量轧制后于180℃时效处理的合金的综合力学性能和导电率匹配较佳。合金的时效析出过程和微结构演化决定了6060铝合金的导电率和强度。     

Effects of annealing process on electrical conductivity and mechanical property of Cu-Te alloys

1 Introduction Pure copper and copper alloys are widely used due to the high electrical conductivity, high heat transfer, corrosion resistance and excellent formability[1-5]. But the strength of pure copper is low and the strength gained during cold worki…     

Phase stability and structural distortion of NiO under high pressure

The phase stability and structural distortion of NiO under high pressure were investigated using first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory. Different forms of exchange-correlation functional including LDA, GGA and GGA＋U were used in the present calculations. All of the three methods predict NiO to be AFM II ordering with the cell slightly compressed along [111] direction and also indicate that there is no structural phase transition of NiO under pressure up to 140 GPa, which are in agreement with the experiment. However, both LDA and GGA incorrectly predict the structural distortion under pressure especially above 60 GPa. Only when strong correlations are included in form of GGA＋U, structural distortion under high pressure can qualitatively agree with the experiment. The related mechanism was also analyzed and discussed. These results suggest that the strong electronic correlations still play a very important role in the properties of NiO under high pressure.     

Ab initio study of the interaction of chlorides with defect-free hydroxylated NiO surfaces

DFT periodic calculations have been performed to model the adsorption and sub-surface insertion of Cl atoms at increasing coverage on undefective hydroxylated NiO(1 1 1) terraces characteristic of the surface of the passive film on nickel. The results evidence that structural relaxation, splitting the mixed topmost OH/Cl anionic plane, releases the repulsive interactions induced by Cl adsorption, but the effect decreases with increasing Cl coverage with a loss of ∼1.1 eV in stability at surface saturation. Cl sub-surface insertion in the first inner anionic plane also releases the repulsive interactions in the topmost plane but the effect becomes favourable only at high Cl coverage because of inter-layer mixing after surface reconstruction. At low Cl coverage, an unrelaxed diatomic Ni-OH layer weakly bonded to the oxide and likely to dissolve is formed after sub-surface insertion, suggesting a hybrid mechanism of local oxide thinning. Adsorption of Cl by place exchange is energetically favourable but does not seem to promote dissolution. Insertion into the lattice may promote dissolution but it is energetically favourable only at high Cl surface coverage, which is not a likely situation due to Cl repulsive interaction on the surface. For undefective terraces of the passive film, the reported calculations do not confirm the existing hypotheses of adsorption-induced oxide thinning or chloride sub-surface penetration.     

Electrical conductivity of Cu-Ag in situ filamentary composites

The electrical conductivity of Cu-10Ag in situ filamentary composite was studied during the deformation and annealing processes. The dependence of electrical resistivity of the deformed composites on the true strain presents a two-stage change with increase of the true strain. The intermediate heat treatment and the stabilized annealing treatment to the deformed composite promote the separation of Ag precipitate, and increase the electrical conductivity. The maximum conductivity of the composite experienced the stabilizing heat treatment can reach about 97% IACS with σb≥400 MPa at 550 ℃ annealing, and reach about 70% IACS with σb≥ 1 250 MPa at 300 ℃ annealing. The corresponded strength of the composite was reported. The microstructure reason for the changes of the conductivity was discussed.     

Study on SCR De NOx mechanism through in situ electrical conductivity measurements on V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts

V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and in situ electrical conductivity measurements were carried out to investigate the reaction mechanism for ammonia SCR (selective catalytic reduction) of NOx.The electrical conductivity change with ammonia supply and the increase of electrical conductivity were mainly caused by reduction of the labile surface oxygen.The electrical conductivity change of catalysts shows close relationship with the conversion rate of NOx.Variation of conversion rate in atmosphere without gaseous oxygen also supports that the labile lattice oxygen is indispensable in the initial stage of the de NOx reaction.These results suggest that the liable lattice oxygen acts decisive role in the de NOx mechanism.They also support that De NOx reaction occurs through the Eley-Rideal type mechanism.The amount of labile oxygen can be estimated from the measurement of electrical conductivity change for catalysts with ammonia supply.     

Reaction of boron to transition metal impurities and its effect on conductivity of aluminum

The effects of boron on electrical conductivity of aluminum and the action mechanism have been investigated.The results indicate that,by combining with the trace amounts of transition elements Ti,V and Zr to form two kinds of insoluble borides,boron can significantly improve the electrical conductivity of commercial aluminum.One of the borides contains 54.42% B,13.70% Al and 23.39%(mole fraction) transition elements (including Ti,V,Zr and Fe)and is in the form of fine particles,The other one,in hexagonal shape,contains 78.59% B,14.97%Al and 2.56% (mole fraction)transition elements (including Ti,V and Fe),Neither Cr nor Mn is found in these borides,The conversion of some transition metal impurities from solid solution state to the boride precipitates form leads to a decrease in electrical resistivity,and this decrease constitutes 86.2% of that can be achieved by complete removal of transition element impurities from aluminum melts.