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随着石油能源危机的日益加剧,人们开始越来越多的将注意力投入到石油代用能源的研究中,其中一个重要项目就是生物燃料的研究和开发。本文着重介绍了燃料酒精和生物柴油这两种代用能源的优良性能、生产途径和应用现状,并简要分析了生物燃料的发展前景。 相似文献
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生物燃料问题已然成为世界各国可持续发展战略的一部分。生物燃料可为政府提供多赢的解决方案——碳排放量减少兑现了对京都议定书的承诺,同时降低了对从遥远的、政局不稳甚至是危险地区进口原油的依赖程度。我国对能源安全极为重视。生物燃料是一种可再生燃料,是不可再生石油和煤碳资源的很好替代品,发展生物燃料是能源安全的首要考虑。生物燃料另一个优点是不用对现代能源基础设施做很大改变,是把乙醇和生物柴油添加进现有的汽油和柴油之中。 相似文献
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《化工经济技术信息》2005,(5):18-18
近年来,欧盟25国一直努力促进生物燃料的使用,特别是生物柴油和生物乙醇的应用,以此降低对石油类燃料的依赣。欧盟委员会能源和运输部的官员日前称,估计到2005年底生物燃料将替代1.4%-1.5%的化石燃料。 相似文献
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从全球情况来看,化石燃料的储量日益减少,原油价格不断上涨,温室效应越发严重,这些问题促使了可再生能源的研究与发展。而生物燃料是一种新型的利用效率较高的可再生能源。由微藻生产生物燃料,则是一种更为经济环保的方式。文章从微藻生产生物燃料培养系统等方面,介绍了微藻生产生物燃料的研究进展。 相似文献
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分析了世界生物燃料的生产现状、发展趋势及其引发的一系列问题,对生物燃料是绿色能源的观点提出了质疑,指出中国应调整经济结构大力节约能源,不宜跟风发展生物燃料。 相似文献
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章惟 《精细化工原料及中间体》2009,(4)
(上接第3期第8页)二、发展第二代生物燃料刻不容缓生物柴油和生物乙醇称之为第一代生物燃料。使用生物柴油和生物乙醇仅是解决世界能源问题的第一步。尽管投资在继续增长,但仅依赖基于植物种子和果实的生物柴油和生物乙醇燃料不能解决 相似文献
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This article describes the key challenges and opportunities in modeling and optimization of biomass-to-bioenergy supply chains. It reviews the major energy pathways from terrestrial and aquatic biomass to bioenergy/biofuel products as well as power and heat with an emphasis on “drop-in” liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Key components of the bioenergy supply chains are then presented, along with a comprehensive overview and classification of the existing contributions on biofuel/bioenergy supply chain optimization. This paper identifies fertile avenues for future research that focuses on multi-scale modeling and optimization, which allows the integration across spatial scales from unit operations to biorefinery processes and to biofuel value chains, as well as across temporal scales from operational level to strategic level. Perspectives on future biofuel supply chains that integrate with petroleum refinery supply chains and/or carbon capture and sequestration systems are presented. Issues on modeling of sustainability and the treatment of uncertainties in bioenergy supply chain optimization are also discussed. 相似文献
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讨论了国内外生物能源开发和利用的现状,分析了云南发展木本生物能源的可能性和潜力,提出木本生物能源资源培育多样化的问题,列出60多种可以利用和具有潜在利用价值的能源树种及其分布规律.作者认为云南木本生物能源资源培育应与热区开发、干热河谷的生态恢复相结合.而目前最紧迫的任务是进行资源调查,收集种质资源、建立资源圃,在此基础上开展试验示范. 相似文献
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桉树生物质能源的优势、现状和潜力 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
桉树是我国南方最重要的速生商品林树种,也是优良的能源树种.桉树因为有高效的光合作用机制,因此其人工林是世界上生长最快、生物量最大的一种人工林生态体系.桉树是有一种水分适应机制,为其提供很强的抗旱能力且能够通过树叶减少每单位叶面积的养分分配来适应恶劣环境;它还是一种典型的外生菌根植物, 因此桉树耐贫瘠能力强.桉树的天然分布区澳大利亚的自然条件多种多样,因此桉树有适应各种不同气候和地理条件的繁多种类,包括抗盐碱、耐水浸、抗风和耐寒性等特点.作为能源树种,桉树还具有以下优点:易于管理,养护成本低,易繁殖, 其大量的宿芽构成了强大的萌蘖能力,富含芳香油,抗病,抗虫.桉树能源利用的方式主要有:桉叶油,生物柴油;桉树全树的热值均高,是能源的好材料;炭化利用;液化利用.目前我国桉树人工林已达180万公顷,且每年以大于 10 % 的速度在增长.桉树的迅速发展,无论在科研、生产技术上以及产业等各方面均成熟;本文还重点介绍了澳大利亚桉树生物质能源利用的现状,在此基础上判断,我国桉树生物质能的利用条件也已经成熟. 相似文献
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Owing to the increasing challenges of climate change and limited resources, a bundle of requirements for bioenergy are given, such as securing the energy supply, linking with the material use of biomass, or producing negative emissions. Smart bioenergy generation and utilization can fulfil those requirements by the sustainable, efficient, and flexible provision of renewable energy. This study aims to thoroughly define and structure all contributions bioenergy can make to the energy system, in the form of a comprehensive multilevel goal and indicator system. The built system includes several levels of subgoals associated with biomass, with technology, and its integration. The goal system was verified by research project leaders and further experts and can be applied to any bioenergy concept worldwide. 相似文献
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Increasing the use of bioenergy is one promising option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hence it is important to know
the greenhouse gas emissions of bioenergy systems in comparison to fossil fuel systems. A life cycle analyses of biomass and
fossil fuel energy systems is made to compare the overall greenhouse gas emission of both systems for heat and electricity
supply. Different bioenergy systems to supply electricity and heat from agriculture are analysed for the Austrian situation
in 2000. Total emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) along the fuel chain, including land use change and by-products, are calculated. The systems taken into consideration are
different conversion technologies and different fuels from agriculture. The methodology was developed within the International
Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Task 25 on `Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy Systems'. In this paper the results of selected
bioenergy systems for heat supply and combined supply of electricity and heat shown as emission of CO2-equivalents per kWh for bioenergy systems in comparison to fossil fuel systems, and as a percentage of CO2-equivalent reduction. The results demonstrate that some of the bioenergy systems reduce greenhouse gas emission already because
of avoided emissions of the reference biomass use and/or because of certain substitution effects of by-products. In general
the greenhouse gas emissions of bioenergy systems are lower compared to the fossil systems. Therefore a significant reduction
of greenhouse gases is possible by replacing fossil energy systems with bioenergy systems. This comparison should help policy
makers, utilities and industry to identify effective agricultural biomass options in order to reach emission reduction targets.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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介绍了黑龙江省国有林区生物质资源的现状,通过分析评价探讨了林区生物质能源的发展潜力,并提出了针对国有林区发展生物质能源的对策. 相似文献